THE SPACEX FAMILY

Close to scale

By Jared-Base with help from the NSF Forum

Falcon 1 Falcon 9 V1.0 Falcon 9 V1.1 Falcon 9 V1.2 (FT) Falcon Heavy BFR

THE FALCON FAMILY

FALCON 1The predecessor of the Falcon 9

Project Cost: $90 Million

Total Launches: 5

3 Failures

FALCON 1▪ Was an expendable rocket between 2006-2009

▪ September 28, 2008: SpaceX became the first company to launch

a privately developed liquid fueled rocket to orbit

▪ It was a two stage rocket powered by an earlier design of the

Merlin Engine, which is used on the Falcon 9

▪ The final launch was for the Malaysian RazakSAT, SpaceX’s first

Commercial Launch

▪ Retired after the fifth flight to be succeeded by Falcon 9

FALCON 1ECancelled upgrade to Falcon 1

Cost per launch: $10.9M (2010)

FALCON 1E▪ A proposed upgrade to Falcon 1

▪ Larger first stage, higher thrust engine, upgraded second stage,

larger payload fairing, and intended to be partially reusable

▪ Planned for mid-2011 but cancelled due to “limited demand”

before its debut

FALCON 5Cancelled Falcon

FALCON 5▪ Proposed partially reusable vehicle

▪ Cancelled due to preference for the larger and more powerful

Falcon 9

▪ 5 Merlin first stage engines, hence the 5 in the name

▪ Would have been the first vehicle since the Saturn V to be able to

make it to orbit even with a “Full Engine Out”. Would compensate

one engine going out by burning the remaining 4 longer to achieve

the same orbit

▪ Payload to LEO(Low Earth Orbit): 4,100 kg

▪ Payload to GTO(Geo-stationary Transfer Orbit): 1,050 kg

FALCON 9 V1.0The first version of the Falcon 9

Named Falcon 9 because of the 9 Merlin engines on the first stage

Project Cost: $300 Million including Dragon

Cost Per Launch: $54 – 59.5 Million (2012)

Total Launches: 5

One Partial Failure

FALCON 9 V1.0▪ First flew in June 2010

▪ All 5 Launches were Dragon Launches (1 Orbital Test, 2 Demo

Tests, and 2 CRS Missions)

▪ Retired in 2013 for the upgraded 1.1 variant

▪ Partial Failure was a result of an “Engine Out” on the first stage

causing the secondary payload, Orbcomm’s OG-2 Satellite to not

be able to make its proper orbit

Engine Configuration

For Falcon 9 V1.0

FALCON V1.1Upgraded from 1.0

Cost Per Launch: $56.5M(2013) - $61.2M(2015)

Total Launches: 15

One Failure: CRS-7

FALCON 9 V1.1▪ The second Falcon 9 design

▪ Developed in 2011-2013

▪ First launch in September 2013: CASSIOPE

▪ Final flight in January 2016: JASON-3

▪ Had 60% more thrust and weight

▪ Pioneer in reusable rockets

▪ Attempted 3 landings; None landed

▪ Was anticipated to carry crew to ISS but was rescheduled for

Falcon 9 Full Thrust(FT)

Engine Configuration

For Falcon 9 V1.1

FALCON 9 FULL THRUST (FT)Also known as v1.2

Multiple block designs

Cost Per Launch: $62M for up to 5,500 kg

to GTO

Total Launches: 40 (as of 08/14/18)

No failed Launches

FALCON 9 FT▪ First Launch in December 2015

▪ First version to successfully land, both on land and at sea

▪ Landed on land for the first time on maiden Launch: Orbcomm OG-

2 Mission 2

▪ Landed at sea for the first time: CRS-8

▪ Block 5 is the last iteration of the Falcon 9. It can be flown 10 times

with minimal refurbishment between the 10 flights and can fly 100

times in it’s life with major refurbishment every 10 flights

▪ Had 1 failure before a scheduled Static Fire Test. A Helium bottle

in the second stage ruptured, resulting in the loss of the payload

and rocket

▪ First launch of a flight-proven booster: SES-10

▪ 28 successful landings, 15 reflights

FALCON 9 FT FIRST LANDINGS

Orbcomm OG-2 Mission 2 Landing

Land

Date: December 22, 2015

CRS-8 Landing

Sea

Date: April 8, 2016

FALCON HEAVY3 first stage core strapped together

Payload Capability

• LEO

• 63,800 kg (28.5o)

• GTO

• 26,700 kg (27o)

• Mars

• 16,800 kg

• Pluto

• 3,500 kg

Cost per Flight

• $90 Million (Reusable)

• $150 Million (Expendable)

FALCON HEAVY▪ SpaceX’s reusable heavy lift vehicle

▪ Currently the most powerful rocket in operation

▪ Maiden launch: February 6, 2018

▪ Maiden launch was almost 100% successful with only the core booster

failing to land

▪ Only one of three engines ignited for the landing burn, a result of

the engines running out of TEA-TEB (Triethylaluminum and

Triethylboron)

DRAGON

DRAGON▪ A reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX

▪ Launched only on Falcon 9

▪ Maiden Flight: December 8, 2010 (First orbital flight), May 22,

2012 (First resupply mission to ISS)

▪ Pressured Cargo: 6,000 kg to ISS

▪ Unpressurized Cargo: 3,000 kg to ISS

▪ Can return materials from ISS to Earth

▪ Uses Draco thrusters to maneuver in space

▪ Experiences 3.5 G’s on re-entry

▪ Has 18 Draco engines

▪ Has been reused 4 times

WHERE DO THEY LAUNCH FROM?

OMELEK ISLAND SITESite for launching Falcon 1

Now inactive

SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 40 (SLC-40)Launch pad at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

Previously used by the USAF for their Titan III and Titan IV rockets between 1965 and 2005

Was leased to SpaceX in 2007

Was heavily damaged before a planned Static Fire Test (F9 FT), since returned to operation

LAUNCH COMPLEX 39A (LC-39A)Launch pad at Kennedy Space Center (KSC)

20 year lease signed in April 2014

Built large Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF) in 2015 to house Falcon 9 Rockets

Supports Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy

SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 4 EAST and LANDING ZONE 3 (SLC-4E & LZ-3)

SpaceX’s west coast launch site

Used primarily for polar orbiting satellites

Was previously used for Atlas and Titan rockets between 1963 and 2005

Technically two pads: SLC-4E and SLC-4W

SLC-4W will be used for RTLS Landings (LZ-3) while SLC-4E is the launch pad

SOUTH TEXAS LAUNCH SITE

Currently under construction

It will most likely now be used to support BFR

Licensed to support 12 Falcon 9 launches a year and 2 Falcon Heavy launches a year but can support more*

As of 2016, it is expected to be operational no earlier than late 2018* *Subject to change

WHERE DO THE BOOSTERS LAND?

LANDING ZONE 1/2 (LZ-1/LZ-2)Built at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 13

Main Landing Pad: 282 feet diameter

Second Pad likely150 feet diameter

Has “Crane-Ways” for easier mobility of Cranes

Has remote fire-suppression systems in case of a failed landing

LANDING ZONE 3 (SLC-4W)About 1000 feet away from the launch pad

First landing expected soon

https://www.johnkrausphotos.com/falcon-9-saocom-1a

AUTONOMOUS SPACEPORT DRONE SHIPSSpaceX operates 2 droneships named “Just Read The Instructions” and “Of Course I Still Love You”

Each about the size of a football field in length

JRTI lives out on the west coast while OCISLY lives on the east coast

OCISLY has a new robot the community nicknamed “Octograbber” which is a booster stabilizer

WHAT IS COMING?

DRAGON 2Also known as Crew Dragon

https://everydayastronaut.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SpaceX-00602-Pano.jpg

DRAGON 2▪ Will be human rated

▪ Has 4 sets of 2 SuperDraco engines

▪ The SuperDracos can be used for the launch escape system

▪ Propulsive landing was proposed but landing legs were removed

from the design, thus eliminating the option

▪ Crew Capacity: 7

▪ First demo launch is planned for February 2019

▪ First crewed launch is planned for June 2019

▪ Crew for first Crewed Mission Demo: Bob Behnken and Doug

Hurley

▪ Crew for first full mission: Victor Glover and Mike Hopkins

https://bit.ly/2w9OEj1

Launch and Landing Control Center30 stories tall

Will contain a firing room, meeting rooms, data center, and engineering room

https://mk0spaceflightnoa02a.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/spacex_llc_tower.jpg

SpaceX Operations Area

A new hangar would store, process, and refurbish Falcon 9 boosters

133,00 square feet

A rocket garden could have Falcon 9 rockets with dragon capsules stacked

vertically or horizontally.

Would also have a security center

https://mk0spaceflightnoa02a.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/spacex_footprint.jpg

A Shortfall of GravitasA new ASDS for the East coast

Could add the potential for two booster landings at sea for Falcon Heavy

ITSInter-Planetary Transportation System

Was designed to take humans to Mars and beyond

Design work began in 2012 and not to launch until the 2020s

Development Shifted towards a smaller version called BFR

Project Cost: $10 Billion (2016 Estimate)

Cost Per Launch: $62 Million (2016 Estimate)

Cost Per Launch: $34 Million (Very Estimated)

BFRBig “Falcon” Rocket

Take the name as you will…

BFR▪ Built to take crafts and people to Mars and beyond

▪ In September 2017, Elon announced “BFR”, a Methalox fueled Raptor

Engine Rocket

▪ He also announced his idea of using BFR as a point-to-point

transportation system on Earth; Anywhere on Earth in less than 1 hour

▪ Tickets would cost about the same as a Full Economy Ticket

▪ 3 Configurations: BFR Crew, BFR Tanker, and BFR Cargo

▪ Main Points:

▪ Fully reusable; Both stages

▪ Booster lands on launch mount

▪ Landing reliability on par with airliners

▪ Auto rendezvous and docking

▪ Can go to Moon and Mars with on-orbit refueling

▪ Reusable heatshield technology

▪ Will have a Solar Storm Shelter in Mars Missions

Star HopperLike the Grasshopper

Currently has a mixture of flight hardware/placeholder parts for engines

First hops

expected NET

March 2019

https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1083567087983964160

SPACEX ENGINES

KESTREL ENGINE▪ Designed in early 2000s for the Falcon 1 upper stage

▪ Fueled by LOX(Liquid Oxygen) and RP-1(Refined Kerosene)

▪ Thrust in Vacuum: 31 kN (6,900 lbf)

▪ Isp in vacuum: 317 seconds

▪ Pressure fed engine

MERLIN ENGINE▪ Used in the Falcon 1 and 9 rockets

▪ Uses LOX(Liquid Oxygen) and RP-1(Refined Kerosene)

▪ Thrust at Sea Level: 845 kN (190,000 lbf)

▪ Thrust in Vacuum: 914 kN (205,00 lbf)

▪ Isp at Sea Level: 282 seconds

▪ Isp in Vacuum: 311 seconds

▪ Multiple Models: Merlin 1A, 1B, 1C, 1C Vacuum, 1D, and

1D Vacuum

▪ The Merlin 1B was never produced

DRACO▪ Hypergolic fueled engine

▪ Two variants: Draco and SuperDraco

▪ Fuel Used: NTO/MMH

▪ Draco Stats:

▪ Thrust in Vacuum: 400 N (90 lbf)

▪ Isp in Vacuum: 300 seconds

▪ SuperDraco Stats:

▪ Thrust at Sea Level: 71 kN

▪ Isp at Sea Level: 235 seconds

▪ Used on Dragon Capsules

RAPTOR▪ To be used on BFR

▪ Methalox* powered engine

▪ Thrust at Sea Level: 1,700 kN (380,000 lbf)

▪ Thrust in Vacuum: ~1,900 kN (430,000 lbf)

▪ Isp at Sea Level: 330 seconds

▪ Isp in Vacuum: 375 seconds

▪ Still currently in development

*Methalox: Methane and Liquid Oxygen

PICTURE CREDITS(IN ORDER)

• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Falcon_rocket_family4.svg/1200px-Falcon_rocket_family4.svg.png

• http://www.spacex.com/files/assets/img/Liftoff_west_FULL_WIDE_NN6P2062-640x418.jpg

• http://space.skyrocket.de/img_lau/falcon-1 3.jpg

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_1e#/media/File:Falcon_1_Rocket_Family.jpg

• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/pt/thumb/8/80/Falcon-1e.jpg/150px-Falcon-1e.jpg

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_5#/media/File:SpaceX_falcon_v.png

• http://www.astronautix.com/graphics/z/zfalcon5.jpg

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• https://1gr.cz/fotky/idnes/12/052/cl6/KUZ43449e_falcon_9_spacex.jpg

• http://space.skyrocket.de/img_lau/falcon-9-v1-1 cassiope 1.jpg

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• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Falcon_9_Flight_20_OG2_first_stage_post-landing_%2823273082823%29.jpg

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PICTURE CREDITS (CONT.)(IN ORDER)

• http://www.spacex.com/sites/all/themes/spacex2012/images/falconheavy/falcon-heavy-render.png

• https://www.universetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/iss034e062490.jpg

• https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/m16-025_0.jpg

• http://www.collectspace.com/review/spacex_demo401.jpg

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PICTURE CREDITS (CONT.)(IN ORDER)

• http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/spacex-dragon-v2-manned-spacecraft.jpg

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• http://spaceflight101.com/spx/wp-content/uploads/sites/113/2016/09/ITS-and-Saturn.jpg

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