The South China Mission of the American Baptist Foreign ...

CORNELLUNIVERSITYLIBRARY

THE

C;HARLES WILLIAM WASON

COLLECTION ON CHINA

AND THE CHINESE

BV 3415.A82"^"'™''"*' '-""''^

^•'^,.JjJll!tl,.C!;ffi, Mission Of the American

3 1924 022 920 932

HISTORICAL SKETCH

SOUTH CHINA MISSION

AMERICAN BAPTJST FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY

LIDA SCOTT ASHIVIORE

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ICtbrarg

The Conference group, December J9J9.

Reading from left to rights Fiist row :— .Mr. Biirket, Dr. Groesbeck, Mr. Lewis,

Mr. Adams. Second row silting:—Miss Sanderson, Dr. Ashmore, Mrs. Ashmore, Miss

Prescott, Foreign Secretary, Miss Ramsey a visitor, Mrs. Lewis, Miss Miller. Third

row standing:—Miss Foster, Mr. Baker, Miss Ogg, Mr. Speicher, Mrs. Speicher, Mr.

Giffin, Mrs. GifBn, Mr. Page, Mrs. Page, Miss Campbell, MissSimonsen, Mrs. Groesbeck,

Miss SoUman, Mrs. Baker, Miss Withers. Back row:— Miss Traver, Dr. Leach, Miss

Culley, Mrs. Adams, Miss Aston, Miss Wellwood, Miss Fielden.

Dr. and Mrs. Foster, Mr. and Mrs. Waters and Dr. Everham who were at the Con-

ference did not get into the picture

THE SOUTH CHINA MISSION

AMERICAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY

A HISTORICAL SKETCH

FIRST CYCLE OF SIXTY YEARS

LIDA SCOTT ASHMORE.JIISSIONARY IN CHINA SINCE JANUARY 1880

ILLUSTRATED

PRINTED BY

METHODIST PUBLISHING HOUSE

SHANGHAI.

/'^ V

r

^'

To my

Husband

Whose encouragement and help

have made possible this

Short History of

our Mission

CONTENTS

Page

Foreword,

Introductory,

i

Preparing Workers 9

Swatow 16

Planting Churches 27

Training the Churches 46

Work for Women 57

The Opening of Inland Residence Stations 64

The Hakka Work 76

Evangelistic Work 83

Educational Work:

—

Theological Seminary 87

Woman's Bible Training School 93

Boys' School. Academy at Kakchieh . . . . 97

The Abigail Hart Scott Memorial School, Kakchieh 108

Girls' Schools at Inland Stations 119

Medical Work 120

Bible Translation 137

Visits of Secretaries and Organization of Mission Conference .... [40

The Earthquake 147

Miscellanea 151

Roll Call:

The Tie Chiu Field 1 74

The Hakka Field 219

Chinese Fellow-Workers 233

Ii iiisTorfY nf; Tur; south china mission, swAtow

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSPage

CoiifLTeiicc Oroup, Deceuiljer 1919. T roiitispiecc

Aslunorc House, I>an^kok Siam ^3

Swatow, tlif ba\ and tlie liills beyond I'^

Kakebieli lookini^ down Uie bay '7

Looking west up tlie bay from tlie Asliniore house, Kakcliieh .... 19

Double Island wdiere the luissiou first lived -i

The Chinese characters at the top of the page mean "A picture of a

baptism at Kakcliieh in winter time." •24

Dr. .\shniore's first i>erniaiieiit house in the C<jnii)0und j6

Dr. Aslunore's preachers and students . , 4^

Kakcliieh chapel front 44

( )ne of Miss l'"ielde's old Bible woiueii still at work in the liospital. 59

( )|T for a trip in mission houseljoat Ol

A Station Lla.ss 6j

One of llic first Bible women still helping in a Woman's Bible

Institute 62

The opening of Mr. Lewis' foreign stxle house at I'ngkung 66

The Pagoda at Chaochowfu where the stream divides 67

Hakka boats with their sails spread 68

The first girls' school, Chaochowfu 09

Chaochowfu Bridge showing shop> clinging to >ides of the piers. . 69

l^ookiug ,ilong the Ch.iochowfu Budge 70

Kily.mg I'.uildiugs -j

C.iird couiu'cting the North ,nid South bi,inche> of the ruer at

K ih .nig - ,

( )ld .mil new ch.iiH Is, C'h.un ,1111" .... -i

l''.ieult\ ,iud students, Cli.iov.iU'' ... -,'^

/ 4

The Sw.itow eh. qui .itler the liie, I'ebiuan', I 91 9

Sw.itow Kindeig.iiten, Mis. Speicher and Sai Sich 7c

US'f OF ILIvUSTRATIONS iM

Compound at Kaying 76

One of the mission residences at Kaying 77

First Girls' School, Kaying 77

Girl's School 191 9, Kaying 78

Five christians who began attending Chapel 40 years ago at Mung-keu-liang 7g

Building the Fanny Doane Girls' School at Hopo 79

School girls hulling rice to save expense 80

Girl's and Woman's School, Hopo 80

Houseboat for country work 84

The cabin in the houseboat, where Mr. Ashmore Jr. spent five

months one year 85

Ashmore Theological Seminary 88

The Theological Seminary Faculty and Students 92

Woman's Bible Training School 93

The back or north side of the Woman's School 94

Earning their way in the Woman's School 94

Miss Sollman with some of the girls who have been away to

School 96

The Kindergarten, Kakchieh 96

Women at play getting their exercise 97

Academy, New Dormitory, Seminary and new Seminary dwelling

house 104

New Dormitory, North or Bayside 105

Academy boys enlarging a grotto 106

Tree planting, Swatow Baptist Academy 106

First Graduating Class, Kaying Academy 107

The faculty of the Abigail Hart Scott Girl's Boarding School. 109

The Girls' School building 109

Chuan Sin-se iio

Chuan Sin-se-nie, 78 years old no

Entrance Gateway to the Abigail Hart Scott Memorial School. ... 112

IV IIISTURV nl- Tlir, MiUTII CHINA Mlb>IO\, SWATOW

Cuttiiif^ the- I'irst 'rrtc on ICast Hill " ^

116

1 1 ^( )nc of Ihc early ali(;iis

"^

Sewing Class

Plaj'iiig liny tennis '

Karning Irt ]ulucation, (iiil's Sclm-^l, Kakcliieh 1 ^7

Girls' School Mission Socielv treasurer counting the contribution I18

Faculty niul (kaduating Class, Cirls' School. Kakchieli T18

The Old ^\•onlans Hospital, Kakcliieh '-^

Dr. A. K. Scott holding a clinic in front of the old chapel at

Kityaiig '-'

Miss I'\iiiiiie Nortlicott with her three trained nurses and the nur.ses

training class ^-4

Dr. R. I^. Worlcv and his three Imsiiital helpers 1^*^

Dr. Scott and her trained hos])ital helpers 127

Present hospital in the Kakcliieh Compound 132

Nurses in the medicine room, Kakcliieh Hospital 133

Chinese Assistant examining for hook-worm, Kakch;ch 133

Dr. Ivveiham and Dr. Carman with their assistants and nurses,

Kakcliieh hospital1 34

Dr. ^Mildred Scott Carman visiting .i ]iatieiit in one if the wards. . 134

Christmas party f<ir hos]Mt.il p.uients. ncceinlier J5. irji,'^ 13^

Little bov leading his Idind niolher to tlie dispcnsar\ 1^5

Dr. Will. .Xshmore and MKUr 'r.in h S.in ,U woik on (lid Testament

translation I 36

Welcome to Di. I'l.mklin ,il the Compound g.itewa\'1 42

Chinese sli'eping on llu- Tennis Com 1 din in>.; the eai thqn.ike .... i ;o

Tlir iionl of the lion--e Di. .-Vshuuiir tniili atiuMi^ llie rocks for his

son 1^8

The .Ashnioic .\i boi , co\ cieil with wisteria \ine 1 -^

Till- C'l.idli Kill! of tlu- ls..ikeliieh Snnd.i\ School1 52

Wh.il .1 l\ plioon cm do to .slii|i]iing_ _ \(M\

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS :V

Elder Chai Ngi Chu with his wife and grand children i68

The Old Folks Home 170

The Old Folks 171

ROLL CALL

Tie Chiu Field

Dr. W. Ashmore when he left America in 1850; Mrs. Martha

Sanderson Ashmore; Dr. W. Ashmore, in old age; Mrs.

Eliza Dunlevy Ashmore; Mrs. C. A. Ashmore 175

Rev. S. B. Partridge; Mrs. M. E. Partridge 180

Mrs. S. A. Lyall 182

Miss C. H. Daniells, M. d 1 83

Rev. W. Ashmore Jr. and Mrs. Ashmore . . 1 84

Miss M. A. Buzzell 185

Rev. J. M. Foster, d. d.; Mrs. Foster 186

Rev. J. S. Norvell; Mrs. Norvell 187

Mrs. A. K. Scott, m. d 188

Dr. J. W. Carlin, D. D.; Mrs. Carlin; Miss M. K. Scott 189

P.ev. H. A. Kemp; Mrs. Kemp ; Miss J. M. Bixby 191

Rev. J. Speicher ; Mrs. Speicher ic)2

Rev. A. F. Groesbeck ; Mrs. Groesbeck 194

Rev. G. H. Waters 195

Miss H. Hyde ; Miss M. Sollman1 96

Miss M. Grant, m. d ; Mrs. R. E. Worley 197

Miss Myra F. Weld ; Rev. R. T. Capen ; Mrs. R. T. Capen 198

Rev, G. W. Lewis ; Mrs. G. W. Lewis 199

Rev. A. H. Page ; Mrs. A. H. Page 200

Miss E. G. Traver; Miss B. Ross 201

Rev. L. E. Worley ; Mrs. L. E. Worley 202

R. E. Adkins, m. d.; Mrs. R. E. Adkins 203

Rev. B. L. Baker ; Mrs. B. L. Baker ; Miss H. H. Fielden 204

VI IIIS'IMNY 111' TKi; SOUTH CHIN'\ MISSION, SWATOW

Miss L. A. Willicis; MissIC. A. Bncoii, m. n 205

Miss iMaiiccs A<lkiiis; C. li. Lcslicr, M.n.; Mrs. C.B. Lesher, M. d.; 206

Miss iM. K. CnilT; Kcv. Iv S. IliMrclIi ; .Mr>. K. S. Hildretli 207

H. W. Newman, m. i>.; Mrs. II. W. Xcwiiian 208

Miss I'-amiie Nortlicott ;209

Miss Mildred A. Scott, .m. u.; Mr. X. H. Carman; 210

Mi.ss I\r. R. CuUey; Rev. A. D. McGlasluni; Mrs. .\ D. McGlashan 2[i

Miss Clara C. Leacli, .M. d 212

Miss G. R. Aston; Mr. F. C. Foster 213

Miss M. I{. Kverliam, im. u; Miss .\bbie G. Sanderson 214

Miss M. Weliwood; Miss ICmma Simonsen 213

Miss M, ],. Oyo; Miss Ivmily Miller; 216

Miss Ruth SjK-rry ; Mi.<;s Knid 1'. Johnson 217

The Hakka Field

Rev. Geo. Camplxll ; Mrs. Geo. Campbell 218

Miss l-:iia Campbell; Rev. \V. H. Bradt 220

Rev. G. K. Whitman; Miss Mary Ostroni 221

Rev. J. H. Giffin ; Mrs. J. H. Giffin 222

Re\-. A. S. Adams and Mrs. Adams 22^

Miss !<:. L. Adams; Rev. C. \\. I'.oustield and Mrs. Donsticld 224

Miss Louise Campbell 225

Rev. v.. vS. P,nrket; Mi.ss .\nna I{. I'dstor 226

Mr. S. S. Ik-ath ; Mr.'^. S. S. He.ith J27

Cliincsc FiUow-WorkiTs

Kldf r I'll San Sin Se; I'n San Sin Se Xie 2^^Ml. T. 1'. I Iw.iiii;, .illti his u'tuiii fiiuii .\iiKiic.i; lleiii^Sin Se Nie 2^4Mrs. 11, (.'. l,i|,o. Ml. R. 11 11.1 111; 2-55

Tai Kwcn Ih ; b'n Sh.inn N'niis; ,,^

l,iii)> Tifii ( "ii ; Ijiil; I lii.i C'luii . ... ,-,,--Ji/

( hen Gan L Ikii; Mi C. vS. Lini: ,-0'^ • — ^o

J)i. Josfph Chen; I )i. l'. V. \\'\\ and Biido ,,g

FOREWORD

THE pages that follow make no pretension to being a full

and complete historj' of the South China Mission. They

only seek to gather up, and preserve for those interested, some

of the more important events and movements of the cycle

covered, and especially those that relate to the earlier years when

the foundations were being laid.

It has long been felt and often mentioned, that some of

the earlier facts relating to the history of our Mission ought to

be put on record before it is too late, and this is an effort to

meet, in some measure at least, that oft expressed thought.

We are deeply conscious that our work is far from com=

plete, and that many interesting facts, well worth recording,

but perhaps unknown to the writer are not included. Wewould have liked to make as careful a study of each field as we

did of the earl}- history of the Swatow field, but even if that had

been practicable, it would have made our story too long. As the

development of all the fields has been along very much the same

lines, it would also have involved no liltle repetition. The fields

opened later have been able to make more rapid progress than

the earlier ones inasmuch as conditions have changed greatly

for the better among the Chinese. We have tried to make note

of any special development on the several fields.

We do not venture to hope that no errors will be discovered,

or that the dates given will invariably prove to be correct, and

especially is this liable to be the case in the Roll Call. We can

hisTciRY 1)1' Till': SOUTH CHlS'A MISSION, SWATOW

only say tliat wc liavc tried to do our best, and niiist beg for a

kindly jndj;Tntnl, where we have not succeeded in coming up to

the mark.

It has been impossible to get photographs of all who liave

been members of tlie Mission. Some of the pictures have been

enlarged from old albums, some from the Conference groups,

some from old time daguerreotypes. We are glad that we are

able to give the reader a glimpse of so man}'.

We are greatly indebted to Miss Ogg for typewriting

most of the copy for the printer; to President Wliite of Shanghai

College for the loan of the volumes of the .Mi.<sionary Magazine

that we lacked; to all who have helped with the photographs for

illustrations; to Dr. Ashmore who wrote the chapter on Bible

Translation, and has made numerous suggestions throughout

the book; and to all who have helped with words of encourage*

ment and appreciation.

Swatow, June 30, l>)JO.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY

WE must go back, far bej'ond a cvcle of time, to find the begin-

nings of our Swatow work. Browsing in old musty volumes

of Reports and Magazines, almost miraculously preserved from the

ravages of white ants, book worms, mould and decay, evidences of

which remain in abundance, we find ourselves conjuring with names,

tliat the oldest of us have alwa)'s associated witli our work at Ningpo,

and the work of the Southern Convention, names, many of which,

even to us, are only names, and to our later comers are' probably

wholly unknown.

When China was still a closed empire: when no missionary

was allowed to live within her boundaries, and even the few other

foreigners were virtually prisoners in the quadrangle called the "thirteen

hongs or factories'' in Canton, where they were allowed to live and do

business only with such of the Chinese as were ofificially appointed to

meet them ; when every box of books entering her ports was carefully

looked-over and everything about the foreign religion burned; when

every avenue of approach seemed closed to the gospel of Jesus Christ;

our Mission Societ\- passed the following, resolution, in the year 1839:

Resolved:—that it is expedient to commence a mission in China as

soon as God's providence shall put the facilities for doing so within

our reach.

It seems that "the facilities for doing so" were being prepared,

for we find that Rev. J. T. Jones, who had been sent to Rangoon in

1S31 for mission work there, after consultation with the brethren,

went on to Bangkok, Siam, where he arrived March 25, 1833, and

2 MI^Tnin (II'' 'I'm', SIM III CIIIVN MI--^lnN", SV. \TriW

iK'lâii wdik Ini tin- Siamese. 'J'Iric were aliout 200,000 Chinese

iiniiiii;raiils li\iii;^r i„ .md aKîmd lian^kok. As Mr. Jones was a man

of great liiijîiistic aliilil\ lie nnisl lia\e pieked up a working; \ocabnlar>'

ot Cliinese, I'ur liis lusl eoiu'erts weie three Chiiie.~e who were bapti/.ed

December S, 1S33, the \ear lie arrived in Siaiii. These three men seem

to be tlie first fruits of .\meriean liaptist \'. ork lor China. As in tlie

beginning;, so the wurk continued to prosper among the Chinese and

Rev. William Dean was sent out to work for them in 1^,5, arriving

on his field in vSiam the next \ear; and in 1 S36 Re\'. J. L. Shuck ; then

Mr. Reed, who died soon after, and l\e\'. J. Goddard in 1839, followed

1)\ Mr. Rulierts in iS^ 1

.

The.se men, and others of diflerent Societies, sent to all the

cities (if the vStraits vSettlemeiils, were doing their foundation work.

China, the [irund, intolerant empire, which treated all outride of China

as baibariaii.s and wissal.-, who could on]\ bring tribute lo her, neeileii

to learn sdiiietliing of other cuutrics, and the foreigners needed to

Icaru how tn approach and to ileal with the Chniese. So these \ears,

spent fur China outside of the country it>elf wi.re not lost time. Themissinuaiies learned the language, tr.inslatcd the Bible, prepared

Christian literature, and trained their conxeits.

Xow the Ibilish X.iw .md her .sidiliei s appear upon the horizon

of our stiirw b'.u-l.iud's cup of h;iuiili.ition w.is f;:i;. Her lepre-

sent.itives, sent {n Cliiu.i, li.i.l been lebulTcd, >conied, refused .uidiences.

.S!ie h.id to send lu lu I petitions ,i> .111 iufeiioi u.itiuu, .iiul onl\- the

lowest Chinese oHui.ds wele .illowed to iecei\e them. U h.ul beenw.iMiiw<H„l ;,nd -,,11 lo the l-n-li.sli, .uul the tune c.ime when thev werennl .dl.iwed to live even in the Tliiiteeu Hongs in Cmton, but had to

retiie to l\buMo. 'I'1k\ weie nuwelcome giies'.s there, foi ihe- Chiiie.se

made It niieomroii.ible foi the I'oituguese who received them, amiag.iin thev had to mo\e ou, this time to the h.iibor of Hoiiokou><- wli m >

TNTROnUCTORV 3

they dropped anchor August 26, 1839, the same year that our Society

drafted its resolution. Then followed the war, with its peace treaties,

made and signed by inferior officials, only to be repudiated by the

Emperor. At last, when China had learned something of the foreigners,

a treaty was made August 29, 1S42, and Hongkong was ceded, for what

proved to be the last time, to the British. At the same time Canton was

made an open port, along with Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai.

In these cities the British could live and engage in trade. What had

been granted to the British was soon granted to other nations. When

th^ French made their treaty, they included a clause stipulating that

Christianity should be tolerated.

During the next few years the Chinese officials, who had signed

the peace treaty with no thought of living up to its agreements, spent

their time getting read\- to drive out the foreign barbarians. They

seized foreigners in Canton—kept some in prison, some they brutally

killed, and all they treated with insolence. The opium question was

a feature of all these wars. It was a feature greatly to be regretted;

but even without it there would have been war, for the British Govern,

ment would not endure such treatment, and the Chinese Government

would not change its policy.

So the wars went on, and more cities fell before the British

o-uns. With the peace treaty, made in Tientsin June 26, 1857, a new

era was entered upon. Ciiina entered the comity of nations, with

ambassadors from other nations in Peking, and representatives from

China in the capitals of the great nations. In this way China learned

still more of these nations she had been treating with such contempt.

The treaty of Tientsin was to go into effect in 1859. Several new

ports were opened for foreign business and residence. Swatow was one

of them. S. Wells Williams, United States Secretary of Legation

interested himself in the selection of this port, having in mind not only

4 II1S'IIJ|(\ dl' Till-: '-IM I'M llll\\ MISSION, S\V ATi>\V

its ;i(l\,iiihij;u ,is .1 l)ii>incss cciilcr, Jjiit also as an openiii;4 for the Tie

I'liiii iiiissidu Willi;, ill w'liii li 111- liul lii/CDiiic iiitcre.iteci.

'J'liciL- wcu' -lad ln-ails in llic citiL-i of the Straits. As the war

luul ]iriioicssL-(l llic iiiissiniiai iLs lunl made read>' to move on. \\ itli

their kii(.wled;^L- of the laiiiîiaê, with the -criptiires translated, and

with tracts and li(i..ks and Chii'-tian eMiuerts, the\ were ready to take

the land.

Tlif first (if (iiir iiiissionaviL-s to mo\L- on wa- I>r. \\ Dean wlio

nrri\cd in Ilun-kdii;^ in l''cbinai\ 1S42. lie Iiad married Tlieodosia

Barker, a dan^liter of an I''ni;lish êiitleiiian li\ing in Macao, in March

183S, and had taken her to r,.ni-kok. With the coming to Hongkong

of so m,in\- business men and arm\ and na\-y men, as well as iiiission-

aiies, iiddonbt there were hon-ing prol)lem< in tlie little fishing village.

.\t an\ rale the 1 )eans went o\'er tn Macao for the suninier, and

retmiied III lliingkiing in ( )ctol)er nf the same \ear.

I'linr In i'^4i theie werennK a few Cliinese lainilies li\ing on

the inland nf Hongkong, engaged in lishing and fariiiiiig. After about

two \ears of Ihili^h iicen]iani,v tluie weie reported to be between

25,000 and 301,000 people luing tlieu', mo-tl\ ^.'hinese.

Mr. Slinek ,ind Mi. Robtils, with llieii fanr.lies, soon followeil

Di. Mean, and in ll'^|,^ weie bii-.\ i;et!ing the niissiini established.

Piiiildings fill dwrlliii',^ hoiivi's, f,ii eh.ipeK ,ind foi --ehouls wcie put nii.

'J'lie folldwJiiM pidili^hed ill the M,i\ M,iv.;.i. iiK- of 1S.14, i-^ of intelest :

"t'li.ipels dl llie li.iplisl Mi.--^. on, ,is will Ih' sei.n in the fol-

Idwiiij.; I Mill, li.ue been eieiled li\ the toieign CdinmunitN in China.

A Card

''Tlu niiiKiMgned begs i es])eetfnll\ to iiffer, in bih.ilf of the

Anil I 11 an I'.d.iid dl l'"duign MisMniis, his .sinceiest th.inks tii the

INTROnUCTORY 5

foreign comnuinity in China, who have so kindl)- and liberally aided

in the erection of places for Chinese Christian worship on the island of

Hongkong. Large congregations of Chinese anditors assemble at the

honrs for pnblic preaching in their own langnage, every Lord's Day,

at both the Oneen's Road and Bazaar chapels. Both of these chapels

are also adapted for schools.

"The whole amount of subscriptions received b}- the under-

signed has been $1,672 and the entire disbursements as follows:

For the Oneen's Road chapel $1,180.04

For the Bazaar chapel 500.25

Paid to IMr. Roberts for school room

purposes 9.50

Total disbursements $1,689.79

Total receipts . . 1,672.00

1779

"Signed, J. Lkwis Shuck,

Hongkong, October S, 1843."

When Dr. Macgowan arrived in Hongkong from home, via

Calcutta, he brought with him a contribution given by the friends in

Calcutta to open medical work in China. He was in Hongkong only

a short time, and went on to Ningpo.

We have had a very vigorous growing tree in our vSwatow

Mission, called, "get-your-own-equipment-for-your-work" if the Board

fails to oive it to 3'ou, and I am thinking this tree was sprouted in

Hongkong, and successfully transplanted to our Swatow soil.

6 iiis'iuin (II' 'nil', Sdi'Tii riii\.\ mi>>iii\, s\\ \'iii\v

In <iin icpdits nf work in I loiif^konf^r, reference is often made

to tlie Mcdicil Alission.iiy Society's work under Dr. Hol)soii. Tlie

revolt of tlie ilrdic:ition of ll:e biiildiii-, ;î\x-s the loc.ition with its

he;iutiful ouIKkjU cnxr tlie h;jil)or îid iiKiiii land, and tlie plan, with

tlie dimensions of the ro(jins for tlie residence part, as well as the

hospital part. 1 leave to the medical hr-^lorian the work of findiiif; out

wlietlier this .Meilical Missi(jnar\- .Society was transferred to Canton,

when so iniicli of the Honj^konij; work iii'j\-ed on to China proper.

The Tie chin chinch of Iloii-kon- w.is or-^'anized .Ma\ 2S, 1^43.

I)r. Dean liad prep.ired a constitution which was si^^ned !j\- Hok Heiig

whocanie from the r>,uii;kok cliuich, and T.in>; Tni and K^.e Bak who

had liceii leceiitK' hapti/ed. 'J'hese, after approj)riate services, were

recognized .is a Christian church.

In doiiii; stieet ]>reachin;4 in the \illages on the iiiaiu land, thev

came to one small hamlet of "Kch" or Hakka ]>eople. Mr. Roberts'

tcachci" cotild speak this dialed ,iiid thiongh him tlie\' gave these

Ilakkas the ;.;ospel. This w.is jnoliahlx the first time that anvone, of

our Societx at least, had prcichcd the i;o>pel of Christ to this great

clan.

Ml. Shuck and Mr. Rîhcits pnshcil out into the surrouiuiincj

\ill,i;_;cs where the C.uilou di.ilect is spoken. Ml. Roberts succeeded

ill leiitiii;^ a jil.ice in C.inlon, ,u ,1 com eiiie-.'.t di--taiice f;oni the

'I'liiitecu lloiio-., wheie he n|h;iI .dnMit six months inthcve.u ib>.l.l.

Two schools weie opened, one .1 lio.Milin;^ school lor l)i\s, with from

lilliiii l<i Iweiilx pupils opened ill M.iich, l.^||,,md sU]ipoi ted eh ie ll\-

\,\ lli( |iiiei;'n eoiunnnnl\, the olhei ,1 i.îils' school \\hii.h h.ul, ,ii the

lime of Ml .. .Sliuek's deith, ihiitv pupils. .\ tempoi.m iheolooical

1 1 IS-, W.IS sl.lltid 111 .11 lllr close ol tie,- \e.ll, ill ConiKctien with till.' 'Pic

c liiii liKiiii h ol llie mivsiiiii. .\ disp(.ais.ii\ w ,is opened in Ko\\I,,on in

INTRODUCTORY 7

1844, i" a lieatlieii temple wliicli was provided by the Mandarin, rent

free, provided the foreigners would not spend a night there.

Dr. Goddard, Sr., from Siam was a bird of passage in the Hong-

kong mission, but later went on to Ningpo. His translation of the

New Testament, one of the very best of the earlier translations, has

been in use in our m-ission from the beginuingr of our work and is still

a favorite, though now out of print.

The work in Hongkong was in a prosperous condition. Nineteen

in one year were added to the church. Schools for boys and girls were

in full swing and medical work started, when another crisis was

reached by the Board.

For some time a strained state of feeling had existed in the

United States between the North and the South on the rjuestion of

slavery. The Alabama State Convention, through its president, sent to

the Triennial Convention a preamble and six resolutions, in which the

denuuid was made that the Mission Board state their position in the

matter of appointing as missionaries of the Board men who might be

slaveholders. In the reply to this communication the following

occurs:

" If, however, any one should offer himself as a missionary,

having slaves, and should insist on retaining them as his property, we

could not appoint him. One thing is certain, we can never be a party

to any arrangement which would imply approbation of slavery."

As a result of the differences existing among the constituency of

the Societv, delegates from JMarylaud, Virginia, North and South

Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Kentucky and the District of

Columbia met at Augusta, Georgia, ]May 8-i2, 1845, and organized the

Southern Baptist Convention. This left the Triennial Convention

8 lllSi'(l|<^ III Mil, ;îii III ( Ills A MI>^ln.N, S\\\r<i\\

with llic work orj^.ini/.ed ••iiul .1 ikht of ;il)out ^40,000. Tlie\- called an

extra SL'ssioii of the com cntimi (o meet in Xew Vork Xo\"eiiiber 19,

iNlS 'riic Aineiieaii ];,i]iti^t .Missioiiai\ I'liion \\a^ or;_;aiiizet-!, ami

held its fn.sl iiieetiiij,' ;it the I'ierrepoii t Street Ilapti-t Cliliicii, l!roiikl>n.

New York the 21st of Ma\-, 1.S46. Coimiiunieation was >low in those

(hi\s, so it took some time to adjust e\er\ thin;^. .M iN-iiJiia''ie> were ;î\'en

tlie choice as to which societ\- thev wnidd serve. At la^t, the.-e diffi-

culties were dealt with and our IIon;.4koii;4 nii>'~ion ilivided, the men

from tlie South goin;^ with the Southern li.ijjtist Cuiuentiou which took

o\er tlie Canton work, purchasing; the mission premises tliere, anil

lea\int^ Or. Dean and the 'i'ie chin work for the Xortliern Bo.ird in

HoHijkoniT.

The woik in llou^kouL; w'as reasonabK' successful. Coii\'erls

Were addled In the chuich, Imt like the wauk in Si.mi, it needed the

f,imil\ liti.' to work npon. The Tie chili men in Hongkong were shift-

iui.;, coiniut; and ^ôiui.;, and the woikers there were eagerlv awaiting

the time when thex c<iuld ninve on to the native district of this people

antl meet them in their nwu Ik.hiics.

CHAPTER II.

PREPARING WORKERS

EXTRACTS from the address of the Executive Cotninittee to the

new missionaries about to sail, given at the annual meeting

at Buffalo, New York, 1S50. The Foreign Secretar}- being ill, the

address was read by the Home Secretar}-.

This address seems so unique that the writer has thought that

others might be interested to know what our fathers and grandfathers

were expected to do on the foreign field.

In the introductor\' part, the fields and names of those going out

are mentioned, and among them is the following: "Mr. Ashmore is to

join the Mission at Siam, to fill the place once occupied by Dr. Dean

and afterward by Dr. Goddard. There he will receive the fellowship

and counsel of brethren connected with the Siam department of the

same mission; but on him will rest the sole responsibility of guiding- a

church embracing thirty members and of making the truth known to

the thousands of Chinese residing in Bangkok."

Point one of the address is, "the design of your appointment"

wliich is "to diffuse the knowledge of the religion of Jesus Christ.

Your work is there, the foreign not the home work of missions.

The work abroad claims all your time and strength. It is greater

than our work and there are fewer to do it. Tell us that you need

helpers, tell us that you need the means of efficient labor; but lay on

us and leave on us, the responsibility of sending the men and the

means." A paragraph is given warning them against getting so in-

terested in the foreign community with its social attractions that

"unwittingly you may rob the heathen You are debtors to the

9

10 IIIS^l)H^ III' Till'. Mil III illlNA .MISSIiiX, SWATnW

licatlicii, the kni)wleil^;c >ou seek to coniininiicate is the kiiowl-

eil-e of Jesns Christ; Christ aiKl him crncified; Christ first, Clinst last,

tlie Aljilia and tlie ( )iiK-a, llie lx-.L;iiiiiiii^f aixl tlie ending of your

niissidii."

, I'diiit l\V(i rehites tu tile taii\iiij,' out if the de-i-n uf their

appointuient. "A kiKiwled-e of tli^ laii-uage, charaeter and ^-latc of

the i)eoi)le to whom \on are to eomniunicate the kno\vlcdj.;e of Christ.

Voii must know their laiij.;iKiê, not sim])ly read it. or mnlerstand it, or

understand it read i.ir spoken, but speak it co;rectl\', lluenlly as your

own :;,iti\e touiûe. And to do this \ ou mu?t mingle and converse

with tile people. nictiouai ies and grammars ar.d readir.g hooks and

I'lir.dil-^ will not do it. 'IMiev ni,!\ make mih correct critics but

>tainmeriii;.; pie.Kliers. ()iir earlier missionaries witliout grauiuiar or

diction. ir\, except as m.nlc l>\' tiK luêKes, liave not betrayed am-

spcci.il uiif.miili.iiil)- witli the langu.iges of the heathen among whom

the\ li.iNi' piL.ulud the worti."

roint three " relates to the i/.i/';/</ of llie woik. < tur .inswt-r is

lîwich Ih: rcK/i/." 'I'lu- address goes ou to say lli.it it i.^ not the

\siiting ol liiioks and ti.icl'-, the providing of .1 Ciiristiau literature,

r.or the transhitiiig of the scriptuie. Ail o\ \.\\\> is good service

and il m.ule a diil\ ol .1 Clm-ti.m mini.-ttr under the pro\-idence

fif 'hid, il is h\- ,1 new .lud .spici.il .i--igumLnI. Nor d.ov> pic. idling

the gospel lueaii .-clioo] li.ulnug. .êhools nui.-t he t.iUi^h;, luit this is

c ..iifes,M,-dl) distiiut lioiu puMchiu..; the o,>vpcl, .Schools hi. Ip in v.iiions

wa\s; siliool> ii..]ill\ l.iu;;lil .lie .igineu> 111 dilTn.-ing tlic go.spd .iiuung

"" li''lhru. Ill, A srp.ii.iu- the \oung lioiii iIr- deh.iviiio inlluence

ol 111 .it li( niMu, lln\ .lu- nui'-tiiis lo con"u>Mtioii- auilitoiiums ti_ir

'"•'II"" 111'' wool, .Mid oil, U loulUlUKls ,,1 tlK- f.litll ,,1 tile gOSIIcl

"\|'"l lioni 111. II p,, -11111, iiv (--.Npeuse ih.iwin- 1,1,-,-lv „i-on ies,>urces

diiu,iiid,d ,|,.uh,ir, tluA 111. ike still he.ixicr ,li.ilt>., both in KMchin-

PREPARING VVURKIJRS II

.and supeiinteiidiug, on strength and time wliicli were intended to be

given to tlie direct ministration of the gospel. On yonr part brethren,

it would be an unauthorized substitution, and as unwise it might

prove as unauthorized." Preaching the gospel is not colportage nor

the superintendence of churches or preachers. "Would that every

missionary had nati\e churches and preachers to superintend. But

native preachers cannot do his preaching You brethren are not

to preach by proxy. You are sent to the heathen face to face, and

from your lips must fall on their car the words which sliall make

wise through faith to salvation. See that you make full proof of your

ministry; and if the heathen perish let it not be laid to your charge."

The address urges these new missionaries in preaching the gospel

to do it faithfully, purely, and with plainiress and directness, not only

so that they theiriselves will understand what they mean, but so that

the heathen will understand and retain the thought. " Beware of sub-

stituting for God's wisdom man's inventions. It has been said by some

that the teacher must go before the preacher, man's word before God's

word. Believe it not, the gospel can work its own way; this is God's

plan. Christianity will civilize; civilization cannot Christianize.

Illustrations of the justness of the views now presented are abundantly

furnished in the labors and successes of the missionaries now with you

They have wrought other labors, diverse in character and

greatly useful, but so far as they have been honored to win souls,

whether in city or jungle, on hill or plain, by the wayside, in the zayat

or in the schools, the weapon of their success has been eminently the

preached word—speaking the word in God's way, to the ear, the eye,

the conscience of the stricken sinner standing with them before God.

Jesus Christ in whom were hid all the treasures of wisdom and

knawledo-e, went about the cities and villages of his missionary field

preaching the gospel; and when his mission was fulfilled he commanded

others to do the same work throughout and to the end of the world.

]|I>,T()I(N 111' Till-: SDI III (IIIN\ MI^MiiN, SWAI'iiW

SciAiiit; tlic >anic Lord, ;iiitIioii/.c(l by the same coinmissioii,

siistaiiiL-il li\ tlic ,^:iiiie pinmiê, aiiiiiKiteil, as we tni.^t nv tlie same

spiiit, \<>ii aic -till, (k-ai l)i\llire)i, to jncacli Christ cniclied b> tlie

lie,ithi.n, l)Lariii,!^ the iiiL-ssa<ê wliich jîvcth li;;ht, life -iiiimortalit)'."

I'\jllu\vino this is a iiara.c^napli to the relnriiir.;; missionaries. So

far as the huii;ua;^c ami preacliiii;^ are conccrntd, Mr. .\shmore certainl)'

fulfilled this coiiiinissioii, for he spoke it so like a native that it was said

if the Chinese listening" to him had not seen him. the>' would ha\'e

supposed that one of their own conntrvnien was speaking. He

learned to speak from heariuf; the nati\es talk.

In the \ear iS-jO the Mission I!oard appointed Wi".Iiam .V>hmore.

then a past(jr at Hamilton, C)hio, to the T;e chin W'uk in Siam.

UL-canse he received his aiipointnieut in i S40 he ahviys called liimself

a "fort\-:iincr." lie married ,Mi>s Mauha Sanderson of IJrooklinc,

Atassachusetts and tlK\- sailed f<'r Chiii.i .\n,L;iist i -, is;50i, in the ship

"Chaunin;^." Imoui the Sea Journal written for the faniilv we find that

Capt. lohnson had his wife with him this trip. The two passengers

with the captain and his wife, twei mates, tliree Chinamen .uid the crew

were the entire nnmli(-r on lio.ml,

'J'hc lasteiiti\ in this si_a jonrn 11 w.is made wlien tln.\ were oue-

hnudn.(l miles from IInu;..;knn<^. Willi ,1 ;ôod breeze thc\- would l.nid

the ne\l inoiiiin;^. The i;ie,it number of lishin;^ bo.its attr.ictcd their

atteiitiou and tlii eapt.iiu .--lid "iheie w ,i> ,1 bo.u fot e\ei\ tisli in the

(,'hina Sea." The\ lauded in lloii^kouL^ l.inuan 4, iS;i. .ifkr .1 \o\a^'e

of onedinudied .Hid lhiil\ nine d.i\ - lleie ihe\ h.id to wait for a shiii

til ,Si,im and hen llie\ luL;.ni the .--ludx of the 1 iu>'u,i'>e.

II was ,1m 1..;.; the Ion- \,.\,i..;e of ne.iiK live months, .shut up in

a s.iiliu:.; ship w uh ui.lhiu- to do. ih.it this \onng active niissionarv

be;eiu ill, it s|nd\ nf the Old Tesi.inieiit which resulted iuhisliLin-^

.sueh ,1 111. 11 \ ell III - r.iMe st udelll .

PRlCPARlNG WORKlvRS 13

After a short waitino- time in Hongkong these two missionaries

went on to the work awaiting them in Bangkok, wliich city they

reached early in 1851. Jannary fonrth of that year, sliortly before their

arrival in Siani^ a destructi\'e fire had bnrned all the mission premises

and the press, and all the books, which miglit ha\-e helped in learning

the langnage, had gone np in smoke. It was a most disconraging ontlook.

Interested in ever\thing going on about him, ^Ir. Ashmore went out

to see what the workmen who were rebuilding the houses were doing.

When a man with a carr\- of lime passed a certain man, a bnuiboo tally

stick was handed out and a word called out. The new missionary's

quick ear soon caught the words "cek, no, sa, si," and he found he had

learned to count.

Somebody must have saved a New Testament from the fire, for

the writer has heard Dr. Ashmore tell how he tried to learn to read

with an old style teacher droning along in the singsong way, "O,

Theophilus," of the first chapter of Acts. After many many trials the

teacher, with a shake of his head and despair all too plainly written on

his face, went on with the rest of the verse.

The next few years were full of

all the different kinds of work a general

missionary finds at hand to do ;helping

to teach the preachers, street preaching,

Sundav services, prayer meetings. One

report says he had talked with every

member of the church, trjing to bring

theni up to the "measure of the

stature of the fullness of Christ."

On account of i\Irs. Ashniore's

health they left Bangkok to go to

Hongkong with tlieir two little boys, ashmore housk, Bangkok, siam.

14 iiisTukN' (II 'iiri-; s(ii;tii iiirx \ Mrssmx, sw \T(i\v

William Ji. and I'l.ink. Soon after U-aving P-angkok tliey met a

most viulrnl ,,toiiii vvliicli so haltered the .ship that they had to put

hack to llan^kok. Again sailir.g they reached Hongkong early in

1858. The (jiiestion of removing the station to Swatow was at

once taken np with Mr, Johnson, tlieii in charge at I longkong, and

was agreed npon.

But Mr. and Mrs. Johnson needed a fnrlongh and the\- with

Mrs. .\shmore and the two huxs siiled in March iSf''^, on the troopship

"Imperad.ir" for hjigland. One dark ni-ht this ship after leaving

Singapore was in colliM(ni with another, and sustaii'.ed such injury tliat

thev liad to put 1 ack to Singajiore for repairs where llie\- were delayed

three weeks. The shock of the accident and the delay in the great heat

were too much lor tl.e frail l)od\ of Mrs. Ashniore who died and was

buried at .sea off the Cape of ('.ood Hope. Mis. Johnson stopped ofl

in I'ji^land and went to visit Holl.iiui, her native land, while Mr.

luhnson took the two lio\ s on to Aiueiica and gave them over tti their

grand fa til cr Saiide;soii.

After the pait\ had sailed for the United States Mr. .\shmore

visited Swatow in the summer eif 1S3S. He was the trstof our Societ\'

to \-isit the [ilace. 'i'lie sin. ill old-f.i-hi. ik d -ide wliei-ler Toewaii upon

which he went, cast anchor jii'-l iiisidi.' PouMe Isi.ind, wheie the few

foreigners then li\etl. Mr. Uninsof the Mng'iish rresln tcrian Mission

was then.', and in (.oinp.iuv with limi .1 luief \isil w .i> iii.ule to the very

hostile \illage of Swatow. I'l.iii-- weie m.ide foi occuining the district

1)\ oui Missidii. Ml, liiiuis ^ci.eiousU .igieod 'o.-~h.ue h.df of the Kit

upon w hull his .Mil, 1 11 house w as JMiill , H,i\ lu;^ 111. ide his sur\c\ of the

plac(,

,M I , ,\shinoic leluined to lloni;kong and >ent his lepiut to the

l~,\ecnti\e L'oin miltci. . 111 l.ivoi I'f 1 1 .iiisfi. \ 1 ing the IlongkoU',; mission I1.1

S\N'at(iw.

prEparinc workers 15-'

It is interesting to keep in mind that the Treat}' of Tientsin

opened seven ports of whicli Swatow was one, and that this treaty was

to go into effect in June, 1S59.

At the meeting of the Missionar}' Union in May 1859, it was

voted to recommend the sending of two men to labor at Hongkong and

the Tie chiu district. In Jnne, 1859, tlie Executive Committee voted

" tliat Mr. Ashmore be requested to repair to the Tie chin district to

open a mission station there at snch a place as he may deem most

judicious, renting the necessary premises." He was the first missionary

appointed to Swatow, by our Board. When this action of the Executive

Committee reached Mr. Ashmore in September, 1859, he began at once

to make preparation to carry it out. But he was stricken down with

tropical dysentery and brought to the verge of the grave, which sickness

disappointed one of the most dearly cherished purposes of his life.

When Mr. and Mrs. Johnson reached Hongkong in December 24, 1859,

accompanied by Mr. and Mrs. Sawtelle, they found him alone in his

house, wasted to a skeleton. He was moved to ask the four to join

him in prayer for his recovery. The Lord heard the prayers and he

"

was healed. He had been out on the field ten years, and it was thought

best for him to return to the homeland to regain his strength before

ooinor on to Swatow, so early in March i860, he started across the"

Pacific in a sailing vessel. The only other pa.ssenger was Hon. S.

Wells Williams, then Secretary of the American Legation, going home

on furlough.

And here ended the y\rabian preparation of this peerless mission-

ary for his ]ife work to the Chinese at Swatow.

The faith of the early fathers who directed our Mission Societ}-

has been honored and " the facilities for doing so " have been provided.

CHAPTER III

SWATOW

wjlii ihir p;.aii]<> and hills btyond.

iia-oRi';P)l',iM)i<i', we move 1)11 1(1 the .iccdiiiit uf our work :U Swatow let iis

J take ,1 siirvi-N (if what tlie place is. and of where it is. We can

then lnit(.r iiiidei >! and the setting;- fif our stor\ .

Swatdw is situated on the coast line \ery near the place where

the Tropic of Cancer cros.es it, and is 191. miles, as tlie steamers .v^o, upthe coast from Ilonokon-. It is a husv mart and ranks as tiftli in

iniporlance in China as -an-ed hv the iir.port- which pass t'.irouoli tlie

Mai itinie Customs.

I'nt on your iina- iii.ition siioclaclcs and vi-ion it. .\u arm of the

sea inns inland for fifteen 01 twentx miles, makin- a harl.or which wasone (,f the detcrini 111 n:^ f.,c((ns ,,, the choice of this location for the openI'o.t, Masu 01 ]),M,l,le M.ind l,es at the month of the luv. w ith the

'1<<T n.,n(,w steanui p,.s,,.;e ,m, the south Mde and the l.ro.ul jnnk and''^'""- '"" '""""' "11 llio noith. l.-iv. miies ml.nui the l.av uairoxxs

"""' " '^ ""'^ •"" '"'I'- ^^"l-. ^^li>lc just ahove, It Inoadeus to s,x miles"'"'•""^ "'"""' ""^ •''>' •" 1-v tide. l.-.veiiiu.s vUku the tide ,s

"-'"""'^""""'"'^'"^''-1 ^^•>h small l.:'l.ts da, tiu. hack and f(U th,

16

SWATllW 17

carried by men who are catching the kind of fish due to be eaten at

that season of the year. On tiie nortli side is Swatow, rightly named

"sand-head.'' Beyond the city is the broad delta of the Han river com-

ing down from the mountains at the north. Twenty-five miles inland

we find the great city of Chaochowfu, the district city of this prefecture, and

the treaty port, Swatow, being only the port of entry. At Chaochowfu

the river divides and finds its way to the sea through many mouths.

To the west is tlie Kityang plain, with hills in the distance

among the Hakka speaking people. All over these plains are many

villages, with here and there a pagoda pointing its finger upwards,

built by some devout Buddhist for the sake of merit.

.**«*•» -^1*$ "*-.

[

-:^"-

Kakchieh looking down the bay. Compound on the hill in the distance.

Kakchieh, appropriately named "rocky-corner," is on the south

side of this one-mile wide part of the bay. Here, nestling among the

hills and valleys, we find the American Baptist Compound, and the

residences of some of the foreign officials and business men, hiding

behind great rocks, banyan trees and clumps of bamboos: some of these

l8 IIIMnK-i III' Till', Mil III CHINA MlSSInX, S\V\Tn\r

liaiiiljoos, si-V(.iity (.1 iiKiix- feel in lieij^lit, arc gracefullv s%va>iiig back

ami fuilli in the hiee/.e.

IiintiiiieiaMe fisliiiig boats whicli go by two>, as they did two

tlioiisaiul years ago in GaHlee, take advantage of tlie tide wlien possible.

The tide turned to ebb \er\ early this morning, and the bay between

us and the sea is ali\e with boats going out to gather tlieir toll from the

ocean. The sails are dim in the sciiii-darkness. The jieaks of the

island of Nanioa cume out of the darkness, and stand out clear against

the briglitening sky. Soon Lotus Mountain appears rising out of the

plain. The clouds grow Ijrighter and reflect the rays of the rising sun

gi\ing to the scene the brightness of die rainbow colors. A little rim

of light apj)ears on the sk\' line of the ocean horizon, and presently the

wdiole Liib <if the sun appears transforming everything. The dim sails,

e\-en the old tattered ones, are all lighted up and we seem to see .1 fleet

of silver lioats lloatiug on a sea of gold. As the sun rises higher, the

haze which has hidden the landsca]ie is dissolved and the great plains

to the uiiitli and west emne into \iew. The iiKumt lius be\oud capped

with lleeCN' clouds coiue ont in their familiar outiines. Hoiu'-huaiio-

Mountain fiftN" miles away lifts its head live tliousand feet iiigh and its

grim giant face carved on the to]i b\- the winds and rains e f the cen-

turies outlines itself against the sk\ . as if it won'.d seek fiom the bevond

its ?daker.

The balls on tlie seiu,i]>lioie .iic v.] . The llags soon lloat out in

the bm /e .iiid the mail llig is .iiuong them. ".\s cold w.iter to a thirsty

soiil, s.. IS -(ind news fioiii .1 f.ii eoiuitiN." 'I'lie sle.imeis with their

bile "I Mii.ikr li.iiliiig .iluiig bilniul come \:\' the Im\ ,iiu1 even before

they slo|Miio\ ing ,iu' Miiionnded b\ n,ili\e bo.it- with scoles of meneliiiibin- lip then ImiuIm.o poles to t.ike off the ii.itive p.isseugers

.111(1 lluii b.i;;-.i;;e. '1 he Me.iin l.miiches le,i\e for the liearbv towns

and eilies, the feii\ bu.ii-, hcniii to pl\> back and forth across

SWATOW 19

the mile of water, and a day with its multitude of activities is

well begun.

lyook again! The suu is Hearing the Hakka hills in the west.

The white smoke is rising from the villages of the plains as the people

light the grass fires to cook the evening rice. The coast steamers un-

hook their chains from the buo\-s and quietly move out of the harbor.

The night fishing boats come around the rocky corner from Gochan

ready for their work. The white egrets come winging their way from

their fishing haunts to the big banyan trees for the night's rest. The

magpies are noisily chattering about their places in the trees. The sea

fishing boats come in on the end of the tide with the sea breeze to help,

all hurrying to their mooring places. The steam launches shrilly an-

nounce their arrival and are soon at their anchorage. The tide is full

and just turning to go out. The river Han bringing down with its cur-

I,ookiiig west up the 1 ay from the Ashuiore house, Kakchieli is at the left hidden by trees.

20 IllSlnin- Ml' |lll': surTII rillX\ MISSIh.N, >U ATiiW

rent (..iilli finin iii.iin' n fiel'l, is (Iclenniiicd to reacli tlie sea by creeping

:ilnii.^ lichiii.l Sw.ilMw. li.irncl in ils piosrtss by the incoming sea

water it lias Iii.l i<, bnil: ii|, ;iii<l wait, ami onl\ the d\kes have pre-

\enteil it fruui tluixli ii;; ihe licl'ls on either side.

The KiUaiiL; liver has also felt the iniglit} force of the tide as

it found its \va\ tip llie b^y, lint the battle has changed now and the

ri\-er is sending long ton<;nis of ninddy water down into tiie blue, di\i-

ding it intci great ])lunie-like frunds which extend for miles up the bay.

.\s the sun sinks lower, the uncetion from the floating clouds lights up

these blue and \elIow currents and paints tlie surface of the water with

blue, mau\e, red and golden tints— a most fascinating jiicture that

holds US (.-ntranced as we wattdi the raj^id changes until the sun sinks

out of sight, and the ijnick tropical darkness sluai, down over e\-erv-

thi'ig. Tb-- Southern Cios;- lifts its amis in the s.iutheru sk\- and

ei\-es us the blessing; for tlie night.

.\nd tliis is Swatow, the place which the M:ss;ou Societ\- entered

to occiqiN the land. To tell the stor\- ^.f this entering in and of the

beginning and growth of the work is the motive of this short histeuv.

Swatow. when opened {o foreigners, was a small dirtv tishin"-

village, noted chielly for opium sinn;.;>^ling and. the coolie trade, lub'ct

after edict had been issued tli.it iu> opium sluMild ent(.r the i.uid. There

was, however, much uionex in de.diiig in it, .md opium erne in. Menwere w.inted for wtuk in the binds of the south and in the islantis of

tiu' se.i t'\eu .IS f.u ,is the West hulies, .md men went out. The first

ti.ilhe w.is a':;.iinst ihe l.iws of the bind .iiul the second was against the

piisoii.il lil,eit\ of Imni.iii beings. Men were forcibh' seized wherever

Ihev could be found ,ind weie t.ikcu to the coast where detention sheds

''"' '"'" I'i'l >'!' t" beep them in nr.til a sufficient number had beenvolleeted. .\ jniik would then come aloi-g ,ind take them to Macao

SVVATOW 21

where they were distributed to different places. It is no wonder that

the foreigners were lialed and called devils, pig-stealers and anything

else the people cared to apply to them, for the foreigners had a hand in

all this traffic. So when they appeared in Swatow, stones, brickbats

and vile language with curses that included their remote ancestors and

their descendants to the end of time, were the greetings they received.

Can we really blame the Chinese for giving them such a reception?

A foreigner who had incurred the hatred of the Chinese was

murdered in open da}- not far from where the foreigners lived. A Jesuit

priest was taken by pirates and obtained his liberty only by paying a

large ransom. \'iolent clan fends raged between different villages, and

often it was dangerous for even Chinese to move about in the country.

It was a sorry outlook to the missionary who had looked with longing

eyes to the main land where he had hoped to be received in the homes

of the people.

Unable to buy land and build in Swatow, the foreigners first built

their homes alongside the coolie detention sheds on Double Island, at

the entrance to the harbor. Here the foreign pilots lived, who brought

in the clipper ships for tea and such other things as found a ready market

Double Island where the mission first lived

in western lands, and the merchants at first had to do business on the

island. After awhile one firm succee.led in renting an ofifi;e in Swatow,

22 lll--Tnin' (i|- Tin: -nl'-ni i ' 1 1 I .\ \ MI->M\-, SWATnW

lliioii^^h llu- Cliincsu (<.iii]iia.l..r. '1'hcoiln.i fiiiiis followed alony; as

11k\- could ît Mfrici s, ,iiid :dtcr a few years the violent opposition

subsided. It was live l<iiij^ nides hack and forth between the island and

Swali.w. and the tides a)id winds were not always favorable. So they

were ever watcliiiiL; fi'r the lime when it would he âfe to li\'e in or near

Swatow.

Mr. and Mi--. Johnson with Mr. and Mrs. Sawtelle reached

Honi^koni^ I)ccend)er 2-j, i^^~. Mi. Aslnnore, whose \isit to Swatow

and subsequent illness h.ue ahead\- been mentioned, .sailed for America

J.niu,ir\\ tS''!o, IcaxiuL; to Mr. julnison the carrxinc; out of the order of

the l'.(jar(l. This mdei, to the effect that the mission should move to

Swatow, was sent in response to his re]iort of the visit to Swatow,

and was iec(.i\ed li\ him in September, 1S59. Early in tl:e year iS6tT

-Mr. Johnson m,i(k the sec<ind ]iveliininar\' visit to Swatow and looked

the ]iku'e over. .\s it was impossible at that lime to live ar,\-where except

on Donlik l--kind he rented .1 house tl'.eie for six months, .md made

avrani;einents to biini.; his familx' and helpers to the home of the Tie

chin people. In this mo\e were reali;ied the hopes t^f the missionaries

who had been workin;^ for the Tie chin ]êople in Si.-.iu ,ir.d Hongkono-

for more than a <piarter of a centur\ , and in the l,insna>.ê of the Chinese,

"The kingdom of Clod h.is been set np in Tie chi\i.'"

Mr. Johnson utumed to llon>^koi!>_;, .ii'.d \-\ p.inc, 1 Soo, with his

wife and font lulpeis cinie up loSw.itow ,iud. occupied the rented house.

On \]:\\ ji, while slid III ll,niok(Miv^ but without speci.d orders and the

riiiids ueeess.iiv, he wiole lo ihe k.MUU- ,.> follow-; •d'ackino up aiul

.^'ll'ii:-; i^'idN lo iiiovel Wh.ii does till- me. 111^ \'ou ma\' well ask."''""" "'' ''" "'"^'' helpeis wele ou the Sw.Uow held, ,ind had becil

w.iikin- tempo, ,,nlv with the hhiol,,!, I'le.-bvtei iau,-. These helpers

Jiad lueii I ikeii oNei bv Ml. Johnson, and he felt it nece.s.sarv that some

SWATOW 23

•one be on tlie field to direct things. He goes on in that letter to say, "I

of course supposed I should be able to let the house here for sufficient

to meet the expense of remowil and rent at Swatow, etc., till we could

learn the uiind of the Executive Committee. I have been back here a

month or more without securing a suitable tenant. This has embarrassed

me. What should I do? Where is the money to come from?" But he

went on up to Swatow, and from there under date of July i/|, i860,

he writes, "The very day we sent our last things out of the house, a

tenant came desiring the house for six months, just the period for which

I had taken the house at Swatow.'' He afterwards bought a house

from Bradley & Company. Mr. and Mrs. Sawtelle joined them in

April, 1861, but with health quite gone they were obliged to leave for

America after only five months, and did not return to the mission field.

In the spring of 1863 Mr. and Mrs. Telford from Siam, arrived to join

the mission, and Mr. and Mrs. Ashmore (nee Miss Dunlevy) arrived

in July of the same year. INIr. Ashmore had been ready to return in

1 861, but on account of the Civil War was detained at home. S. Wells

Williams gave the Society $150 toward his return passage. They

sailed from New York in ]March, via Cape of Good Hope, and had a

most exciting voyage being chased, and in danger of capture, by the

Confederates. However, they readied Double Island and lived with the

Johnsons. In May, 1864, Mr. and Mrs. Telford left for home with

loss of health, and later terminated their connection with mission work.

Mention has been made of Mr. Burns of the f^nglish Presbyterian

Mission. He was joined by Rev. George Smith and still later by Rev.

H. L. Mackenzie, and by Dr. Gauld, who opened the medical work in

Swatow. Mr. Burns with his pioneer spirit soon went on to new fields

leaving the others to carry on the work at Swatow, These with our

own two men represented the mission forces here for the next few

years. In planning their work the two missions soon agreed that they

24 1 1 l^,T(ll;^ or 'ill i", -ni "i ii Mil N \N \ M ISSIdX, ^U.\T^\\•

would uol holli nrciipv lliL- SMiiic Miiall villa-c willi a cluipcl, but tlist

in lai-i- rllics lliL-u- woiil.l l,c ioo))i Mioi'^^Ii lor botli. This plan of

work lias Ijclii <j1)sci\c(1 down lo the present time.

In 1S64 Mr. Asliniorc, looking' forward into the future needs of

the mission, bou<;ht a few acres, coiisistin<( of rocky hills with the

valley between, from a ?,Ir. Untifulir. As he war, an American, there

was no trouble about the deed and midilleman. For this very rocky

liill and \allev, with not a tree or bamboo to. take £wny its bareness, he

paid the sum of >^Soo Mexican, He had to lake a -^'ood deal of chaffing

from the people of the forei;4n communH\-. who said tiiat if he built

there the houses would never stand a<,'ainst the typhoons. But with

onU- a \er\ limited amonut (.f mone\ to put into land and lionses, he

could nut bn\- the exp-eusive ;.;arden buul- in the valJeys. but was com-

pelkd to lui\ as he did. His biiildin;-s lia\e stood the tsphoons of

sixty years and the baie liilllop has lieeii irausfonued into a compound,

of (.xce[)ti(inal lieaul\ and attractiwnes.-. After !:-.-,:-^'- t'r.e biy.d "the

hill' .' . h.M.i. 1. I <l Ih. 1,,,' "i li"1

'V. 11,,. Ill .\ i-i. iiii, i.l .1 l..,i.i,-iii ,,1 K.'k. 1 K h1!. 1 Hull. 111.- till h, 111.1 p. Ml .'I thr ImiUliiin iu Uu Itju-kiironii I \\;is tlu-lii^l

Mir.i I.mil iiii Ih, l'i,iii|„.iin,l ,iii,l u.i- i.ci.-MlMi-il liy Mt. .\vhlUiin-, Si., iiiilil Ik- ll.lil

liuill hr. .iwii ,ii\, lluii; li..iisr, li u |,. iiKn ii.,i,l tui il.isv iiuiiw

swAT(nv 25-

want of funds arrests his plans and he awaits, as the executive com-

mittee does, better rates of exchange."

Meanwhile lie rented a "low squat house" in the back street of

Kakchieh, and mo\-ed up from Double Island. The first building put

on the new compound was in the valley just north of the present

Womair's School. It was the east end, the original part of the house

which was demolished at the time the woman's school was built. The

west part was added man}- j'ears later when the building was used for

the Theological class. It faced the baptismal pool. This tiny build-

ing was Mr. and Mrs. Ashmore's temporary home for some time.

Mr. Johnson expressed a desire to move up from Double Island

and was given the choice of location for his house site. He chose the

Middlemarch site, the place subsequently occupied by Dr. Partridge for

many years. When ]\Ir. Johnson left Double Island, he bought for

temporary use a house in the back street of Kakchieh, where he lived

while development went on in the compound. His liouse was the first

permanent dwelling house built on the compound. The hillside was

cut away leaving a sheer perpendicular bank of earth just to the west

of it. All of :he present garden was at that time still a part of the hill

west of the seminary road as we now know it. The earth taken from

the o-ardeu site has beeir used in the building of the many different

houses and walls about the compound. Teak in chose da\-s was cheap,

and the shutters of the doors and windows were made of that now

expensive wood. The downstairs rooms were all provided with iron

rods in the windows. When finished, the Johnsons moved in, with the

o-irls' school housed in the iron barred lower rooms. They had been

much crowded in the small house down in the back street. Of his

removal from Double Island Mr. Johnson writes: "At our last com-

munion sejson on Double Islau:!, as I sat and looked upon the large

company of believers the Lord had given to us from among this people,

26 MIsTdKS' (ih' llli: Mil Til I NINA MIS^InN, sWATnW

iilOTC tli.iii liad hecii i^.itlicnil iiil-. tile c li nrcli 'luiinj,' 'iH "f I'S existence

111 lloii^koii^, I felt th.it we li.i'l abuiKlaiit cause to thank fiod and take

courage, lie lia<l iiio>l inanifeslly set liis seal of approval to our

removal to Tie chiu. It was a eheeiiii;; and deli-litfnl close to our

work on l)ir,il)le Island and a jiled-e for tlie future.''

At the close of the Near .Mr. and Mrs. .Xshniorc moved into

their permanent house. The down-stairs room under the large south

end was usetl for a chapel. These two houses with the land cost $6,ooa

Mexican, so the report sqns.

The missionaries lia\ii:g ino\-ed In Kakchieh tlie buildings at Cou-

l)!e Island were no loiioi. r ir edcd and were sfild. In the Tre.iS'.irer's rejiort

I find this

III. A^lHlMin s III -I |i, Mii.MK lU li,>n~, u\ ;]:, i. -,. ..,,,,

seems no wax of kiiowin-. The senior niission.iiv now on the field

sa>s he leiiu mhcis luwiiiii; \h. .\shinoic s.iv tli.it ihepioperty was sold

foi vei\' lillle. No one w .is lei; on the i l.ind except the pilots, and those

eiimuiled wiiliihe c. Miii no ,.i' s; ^ .unci , .uul llieic was very little de-

111. Mid lui li.iiises.

CHAPTER IV

PLANTING CHURCHES

PAUL a prisoner of Christ Jesus and brother Timotheus, to our

beloved fellow-worker Philemon, to our sister Apphia, to our

fellow-soldier Arcliippus, and to the church that meets in your house:

grace and peace to you frotn God our Father and the Lord Jesus

Christ. Philemon i :i-3.

When we read this beautiful letter of Paul to Philemon, " the

church that meets in your house" strikes a very sympathetic chord in

our hearts.

In the history of our church here in this part of China, no

small proportion of the two-hundred and two places for regular meet-

ings, began with the church that met in some brother's house. The

history of the evening prayers, when perhaps one family began its

Christian life, and then some other family who had discarded its idols

joined the first, and the two families had daily prayers together, can

never be written. These prayers from the hearts of the new believers,

almost too ignorant to know how to pray, are all known to the Father

who careth for all his children. It was such a comfort to them to

meet together, to feel that there were others who understood their

position, and to know that they were not alone, with nothing but

heathenism about them. What an encouragement it was when a new

timid believer, not quite satisfied to wholly trust the Lord Jesus, came

in to join them! The idols might still be on the idol shelf, but there

were prayers for those new ones, and the Lord can and does answer

prayer. The little room became too small for the believers, and lo !

there was a small church which needed a chapel—And this is one way

in which our work grew.

27

28 1M>T(JKS- (II Mil'; Mil III <III.\A MI-SIO\-, S\V\Tii\V

S 1 .iftri cniiiiii- In I).,ii1.lc IslaiKl M:. Johnson oiKaiiized a

(.•lunch. 'I'hv iRlprrs lie hiuii-lil fioiii Hi;ii;:kon- and a few others

weu- .ill liie Clnisii.ins lime at the time, ami ni.ide u]> the church li.st.

iJiuin- the )ear a iireachiii- station \>as opened at Tat-haii-i)o, a town

of ^o,uO(i and almnt .si.v miles distant, the reason being that it was tlie

lunne of t\vn of the assistants, wji.j had ei.mt np vvilh them from

Hoii,L;l<on'..;. Inst here, at the lie;.;innin;.^ of our wurk on this heUl, let

us note tliis fact, the llrst station ojiened was in a villas;e where some

believers lived. This polic\" has run riL^ht alon;..^f thronj^li the si.\t\'

}eavs, aiul our work at any ,t;i\'en place has prospered accordinr,^ to the

faith.fnlness of the first beliexers. Their li\-es put a stamp upon the

worth-while-ness of Cln isti init\- in the e\es of the Ciiinese around.

\\'hate\er we max think of the Chinese it is true that thev can size up

a [lerson and distin^nish the' real from tlie sliam: and our work has

prospered at the dilleunt stations in jnoportion to tlie gennirieness of

the uiakin;4 o\er of the "old" man into the "new" of tlic first

believers.

We ha\e not, with possibK' a few cxceinions. looked the field

ox'er and found a jilace and said, "(lO to. w c will ha\e a chapel here.

It is a strategic jdace and on^ht to be occ\ipied." Irs-.cad we ha\'e

been pro\ ideiitialU- led and L;onc.' into new pkicis In- folU'wii'i^ the

liL^ht the I,(n(l has put into the heail of some one living; iheie who has

invited us to enter. We l:a\e fioni the fiisl woikoi "with" the

ChiiKst', not just " fm " thein. and we tliink th.il .1 I.nv;e p.irl of our

success has bieii ihe lesiilt of this polic\.

'''11111-. Ihe xcai Ail. Johns, Ml was ;..;; c.Ul\ cheered b\- the \isit

ol time ,i..;(d bulhieii who h.id been bapti.ed in Si am b\ Di. Deanand Ml. ('.oddaid, one Iwuitx and the otheis cii;lUcen years before.

'I'fiise men had Ikmi back 111 L'liin.i abonl a do.'cn \c,iis, and I'vcd in

the Clinii-lim T.iii-deii- p.iit of the licld noitli of Double Island,

PLANTING CIILlRCllES 29

They kept up service?, taking- turns at meeting in each other's houses.

Efforts to rent a suitable place for chapel services were violently

opposed by the Chinese, who were determined to keep the Christians

out. Likewise efforts to rent in Swatow were unsuccessful, and the

regular preaching places were confined to Double Island and Tat-hau-

po. The assistants at Tie chiu hu had rented an upper room large

enough to receive one or two visitors at a time. But the opposition was

so great they could not sta^- there long. Two were baptized at Double

Island and a few more joined by letter.

When ]\Ir. and Mrs. Sawtelle left Hongkong the Mission pre-

mises, chapels and everything were sold for $20,500 and the most of

the money was deposited in the Oriental Bank in Hongkong. Later

when Dr. Dean was passing throu2:h Hongkong- he called tog-ether the

Tie chiu Christians still there, borrowed the use of a chapel from an

English Mission, and had services with them. He called in question

the wisdom of selling everything, leaving not even a place for the

Christians to meet together. They took on a new assistant, and the

brethren proposed to mainly support him. Thus early was a begin-

ning made in the matter of self-support.

In 1862 nine converts were baptized, one a petty mandarin, and

•one a young man Chai-ki, both of whom afterwards became preachers.

In the report for the year 1863, Mr. Johnson says, " We have

now to report seven baptized during the year. One of these from

Tangleng had two wives and caused the missionary a deal of anxious

thought. A precedent is so easily established, and so hard to change,

that in this they moved slowly, and waited a long time. At last

the second wife was provided for, and the difficulties in the way of his

beino- received removed. He was a man of more than ordinary ability

and influence in his native place. Six candidates were from Mrs.

30 IllS'l'iiKY Hi' Till', ^ol Til CHINA MISSION, SWATnW

J(jliiisoirs sclidc.l. 'I'luy liad for a year professed to love the Savior."^

'I'hc oiitstatioiis lepoiteil aic Hongkong, Tie cliiu liii, wlierc, as already

noted, tlies- liad ail iii)[)er room rented for tlie lielpers to live in, Tat

Iian po, Chung liiii and 'i'ang hng, where the nieii from Siam lived.

]\ruch work liad been done in the two last named regioii>. At Tie

chill liu hut little could he done. The hrethren had visited the city a

iiuuiber of times, but the way to enter in had not \et opened. Xothing

could be done in Swatow, but ojijio.'-ition was d\iiig down. Mr.

Telfortl reported visiting all the inemljer> in his part of the held, and

being cordialh' receivetl into t];e homes of all. After Mr. Ashmore's

return to the field he reported the changes coming to Ciiina, in the

folhjwiug words: "Ah, it was all \ery well sj long as tb.ese Christian

teachers got 'onl\' a few simple minded, easilv persuaded people to join

their new doctrine,' luit it tak<,s on quite a ditTerent aspect when they

see some gra\ haired and studious idolater breaking up his idols,

chopping them to pieces and (hen declaring in the niid.-t of his own

]>eo[)le, far a\\a\ from a missionary settlement, that ho means to

become a follower of Jesus, and when the\- see persons of >taiiding and

marked and conspicuous talent adorned with academic honors, who

ha\e nothing to gain and a \ ast deal to risk b\ beconiiiig disciples.

" Such \vitiiesses to the truth are being inulti[>lied. A more

robust and \igoroiis offspring is being we'coiiK.i to tl'.e bosom uf the

chmches, I'.\- ni.iin of them llu f.icuUies of llie new life .no striking

fiom the outset. T1k\ seem aw, ike to il;e full consciousness of the

change which h is ].assed upon iheiii, e\ iiice ,l re.uiiuess to .iccept .luv

and all the vieissii n.K^ ii ni,i\ biiug upon tlxni. There .ire anion>; them

exhibitions of ,Ispii II iioi niiwoitlu .lui.uUi ,i-e. Xot ,i coiiimuniou

jiasses 111 whirli we \\A\v not pieseni some who h.ive come out of

'ii''iil''li"ii. Ill "idei to lill (lull pl.iees .11 the Lord's table, .Ml of them''1^'^' 'ii'liii''! iepio,ie]ies ioi (.'hiisiVs s.ike, ,s..uie of iheiii the losing of

weii'dh goods. .Some of tlieiu have been in prison for a testimony,.

PLAXTIXG CHl-RCTirJS 3t'

and at least half the church could tell of blows and beatings and

stonings they have undergone because they would not refuse to worship

Jesus In days gone by conversions have been isolated, one here

another there, but with no effect upon those round about. But we

discern one thing. The heathen whose perceptions in this matter

have a wider field for exercise than our own. think these cases of

conversion are assuming a contagious aspect, and even threaten to

become epidemic."

During the year 1864 Dr. Dean and family on their way from

the United States to Bangkok visited Swatow, and Dr. Dean baptized

six converts at Double Island. It was a great pleasure to him to see

the work among the Tie chin people in their homeland. His long

mission life was spent for them in the dispersion, sometimes in Siam

and sometimes at Hongkong, back and forth wherever the need seemed

greater.

One of the native assistants, A To, preferred to return to Hong-

kong and work among his old friends and relatives there. Two new

men, Cliai Ki and Hii Sin se, were taken on as assistants. It ma)' be

asked how these men just out of heathenism could be used as preachers.

In the first place, they had to be taught much before they could believe,

and together with other believers, were constantly being taught the

Bible truths. Very early in the life of the mission, all the preachers

and teachers, and any church members or inquirers, who could do so,

came to the central station for a week of stud}-. They met early in

the morning, again in the forenoon, and twice more in the afternoon.

Some of these meetings were prayer meetings with a short exposition

of scripture, followed by many prayers, while others were more like a

Bible class, and the scriptures were studied and explained. The class

absorbed wl:at they could, and went out and gave it to others wherever

they could find anyone to listen. At a later day as the mission grew

^2 HISTORY <.|- TIIK M.rill UIINA MI>>niN-, SWATnW

la,-c. it w:is fnun.l ll.at six of tl.cse meetings a year were more than

coiilcl l.e cnnied, nnd Hkv wen- cl,aii-crl to quarterly gatherings, meet-

i„o i„ I.innarv, Ap.il, Jnlv a,..l (Ktoi.cr, and were callcl the quarterly

oomu.unions. Alio tl,e llu-oh.gical class was regularly carried on

these meetings continticl, as it was necessarv to help those who had

never had there-nlar teaching n. the cl i^s. The culmination of this

week was on Sunday when hapti>ni, jireaching, receiving the hand of

fellowship, and coniinunii.n made the day a very full one.

In the report for this \ ear of 1S64 we find the following about

the changes that were coming so rapidly in the Tie chin lui. the

district city. "This cit\- has hitherto borne a disagreeable reputation

for hostilitv to foreitjners and ever\thing emanating from foreigners.

It was here as \ou will remember that Mr. IJiirns wa- arrested a few

\ears ago and sent, caged like a can.uy bird, o\eiland to Canton, some

two hundred miles distant. It w.is here also that .\-Sun and A-Ke

were iiuprixmed and l)ealeu for the testimon\- of Jesus, as \nu have

heard brother Johnson tell when in .\mcrica. Nor had llieir rancor died

awa\- during the eight \ears that had el.ipsed since then. Only last

year, and since u\y arri\'.il, no less a personage than a l-!ritish Consul

was dvixen back in an attempt to le.ich the pkice, .uul that too while

under charge of a sjiecial eii\o\- of the (bnerno; General of Canton

sent to escort him. He was confionted bv .m .moiv populace who

went so far as to loll down the great -tones from ,i bi id;ê under which

they were passing;, ernshini; in the bo.u .uid end,in;.;ering the lives o{

those on bo,ml." ' Attempts h.ul Ixen nrule to uait ,1 pleaching place

but dl h;id come to ii,ni;_;lit, .ind the woik w.is cont'uied to a small

upper loom o\er a ill n;^ slio|i. Hnt things weie ch.mging :

" Accord-

lugh' it W.IS Ihou-lil diîl.dlK• to send foith the dove once more, to .see

Tlir llnlish (.-..Usui ^^,,^ .„>, .-.liU-,! lo llu- li,sin>-l ^-ilv, >.ut Ihr ,ii,,i;i-lratL- .li.t iiol"'-1'

I"''"'^' '""' ll""- llr picl.-rrnl In ,-..mu- ,U.wm 1„ .Sw.,t,,„ :ul,l reorive these

""'-"'' I""" I'"")'" l""l" in llK- U-mpurary l.l.u-c, ni Uic Mii.ill \ lUaiê ot the iiort of. ciiti \ ,

.^\\ .llo\^

.

'^ *

PI,AXTIXG CIIIRCIII'S 33

if this time he would not return with the olive leaf in his mouth. A'To sinse was sent upon this special errand. He and his mission were

made the burden of many prayers. God prospered his way. Almost

immediately he lit upon a suitable house and had no difficulty in

hiring it for two years, with the privilege of immediate occupancy.

Without delay he started religious services. ... Since then there has

been a storm that threatened for a while to destroy everything but our

good brethren there did not quail. They stood nobly to their post and

all is quiet again."

Under date of November 6, 1865, Mr. Johncon writes of the

communion season, when the week of meetings were held with the

people who came from the different stations: "Yesterday was our

communion season. . . .Sixty-two beside ourselves sat down to the Lord's

talkie, thirty-four brethren and twenty-eight sisters. Of this number

fifty had been baptized on Double Island. We have received into the

church by baptism since the mission was removed to this place, sixty-

^one. Truly have we reason to exclaim, 'W'^hat hath God wrought.'

Today has also been to us a day of much joy, especially has it

been so to ]\Irs. Johnson. Two of her pupils, members of the church,

were married this forenoon to young men, also Christians. These

make seven of her scholars Christians, married to Christian young

men."

IMuch of interest happened to the mission during the year 1866.

The chapel at Tang leng was attacked and leveled to the ground.

After the delays of diplomacy the mandarins compelled the guilty ones

to refund, and a proclamation was posted prohibiting interference with

the Christians. A larger building was secured in a better location and

the brethren were able to use it.

Ampo now appears on our horizon. The place was occupied

-in Dece.Tiber, 1865. "The location is a good one but the poor man

34 lllsTiiKY III' •||[i: snl'lll illlNA MISSKJX, SWATOW

who iciitcd it Ikis been so persecuted lie declares lie cannot rent it

another year." IwjiInnately as soon as they were cunipelled to give it

up, tliev liad another building read}- to go into. Anipo lias been very

hostile to foreigners. ( )ne of the Jvnglish ]'resb\ terian missionaries

met with very rough trcatnieiit there. When the church had inoved

into the new jilace, about sun down one evening, a large number of

people came in, armed with sticks .md kiii\-e>, and demanded a

contribution for the idol fcsti\al near at hand. Tiie whole street was

assessed for this, and tlie Cliristiaus jiid tu meet tiieir share. The

brethren said they could n(.it helji supi-iort heathen practices, hut the

leaders, some in long gowns, insisted, and the Ciiristiaus at last gave

them the assessment under protest, and came out to tell the mis-

sionaries. .Mr. .\shmore in reporting this savs. " There is no cause for

discouragement in such an outrage as this. It publishes liie gospel to

a surprising extent. The whole conntr\' .irnund Aiiipo lias heard of

the new house of worship and the new religion. The brethren might

lia\e been mouths in gi\ing :is much pi;blicit\ to their \ iews on

idol,itr\- as was done two or tliree d.iys after the m.itter was noised

abroad and e\'erywhere talked of."

vSwatow was added to the number of regular oiitstations. with n

hired hou.se and a helper st.itiouetl there. Tlie village was rapidlv

growing, and occupied .dioul three liuK- the sp.ice it did thiee \ears

before. Iârge buildin^^s wcie goin- up. l-'rom fortv to seventy

foreign ships were in tlie h.nbor at one time, .ind thev ie[Mesented a

large auumut ni touu.ige. .md ,iu exteu-i\c ti.ule willi oilier ports.

Dunn- this \e.irof iS(>s Mi. .Xshnioie .lud Mr. Johnson began

hdldm- I'.nÎisli êiMces loi the foieiguei.s even Sund.is' afternoon,

t,d.in^ rh.iioe (if it tuiu .dunil. Mi. .\vhin.Me s.i\s, " It is ,i pleasure to

obseue tint this w.is done m compli.uue with ,i piibliel\ expressed

<lesiie on the p.iil of the sm.ill foieigu coiiiinuiiit\ we have .ironnd us-

PLANTING CIIURCHl'S 35

This service is not without some good results. Whatever maybe said of the Swatow side as yet, surely the Sabbath is being treated

with more respect every month.'' In connection with this service a

few years later seven foreigners were reported among those baptized,

one an American sea captain, two sailors from an English ship, and

one a colored man, who had the reputation of being an eloquent

preacher along the wharves of London.

During the year 1867 a number of things of general interest

took place. Urged by home influence, two of the stations. Tang leiig

and Tie chiu hu, were set apart as independent churches. The work

had been carried on under great difficulties and with much persecution.

Again and again had the Christians been called upon to endure revi-

ling and stoning, and many attempts had been made to drive them out.

They had been able to maintain their position and converts had been

made. Just before the church at Tie chiu hu was set apart as an

independent church, a foreign hong succeeded in renting a place and

patting it in order for business purposes. The literati and influential

men of the city led a mob. They took possession of the building, and

seized and maltreated the man who owned it. Their blood was up, so

they came on to the chapel. They thought they might as well make

a clean job of it and get rid of all the foreign influence in the city.

They entered the chapel, drove out the chapel keeper, threw out a

part of the furniture, and nailed up the door. This was the story

which reached those here at Kakchieh on Saturday, but they went on

with the organization of the eight members into a church, ordaining

the helper, A Ee, as the pastor. The church at Tang leng had

twenty-eight members made up of people from Tang leng, Chung lim

and some small villages near by, and from Ko tug. The opposition

here was bitter and long continued. As soon as a house was secured,

the mob came, and leveled it to the ground. A-Sun was ordained to

take charge of this band of believers.

f

3fi lll^'ldin 1)1' Tin: Mil Til (III.SV MIsSid.N, >W.\T(i\V

Two MMiii- iiirii fioiii the 'I'ano; len.L,' re.c^'ion were baptized llie

same Jay thai the chiiirh was oi -aiii/cl. Thev Lotli had endured no

end of perseciilion fioni tlieii r.wii families, and had lie'.d back for

ninie tlian a year. liiii tlie\ bolli eanic out to Kakcliieh determined

to pubHclv acknowled-e the Savior. When the one from Tang leng

tlnew awa>' liis idols, his wife joined with him in niornincr and

evening; prayer. This greatly exasperate"] his mother and the .sister-

indaw who made life so miserable fo; lier tliat slie made \va> with

herself.

The >onng man from Ko tug had endured much persecution

from liis mother, wdio would follow liim to clmrch and wring her

hands in agonx', re\ iling him for forsaking the gods (..f lus fatliers. At

last he decided to come out for baptism, and secretl}- left liome on

b'ridax, arri\ing here on ,'-vUnrd,a\ with his heart overflowing with joy.

Soon after, a messenger came saying his young br;de of euily four

months had strangled he, self. He was lieartbroken but went on and

followed Christ in Itaptism,

It was a settled ]iolic\- eif the Societ\- to gi\'e each of its workers

a definite field of operation, for which he must be responsible. In

accordance with this plan Mr. Johnson ,ind Mr. Ashmoie divided tlie

field. j\lr, Johnson to(.)k the older st.itions. Tic chin hu. Tang leug,

Chung lim, 'I'at h,in po. K,ikchieh, ,r,-,d Pouble Lsl.ind, and the

assistants A Sun ordained ,ind in ch,\rge ot the r.mg leng church,

A I'.c .ilso oid.uned ,ind ovei the chnuh ,U the district cit\". Ti> sinse,

Tie pe. Chung elii hi,i, ,ind To S,in hi,i. .\li. .\shniore, following his

|iiefei(uce, shuck out into new lieUis, ,ind g.ilheied .d'out him a new

<dass of lulpris. lie lepoiled on the st.itions undei his care, Swatow,

'I'ie ie, .\m po Kil ie. The \e.ii u^i>7 w.is the hist time th.lt Kit ic

w.is lepoiled ,is ,i st,iliou. In leg.ud to this new st.Uion .Mr, .\sliiiiore

lepoits: "This pl,ue h.is just lieiai ojiened to ns within the past two

n.AX'i'rNc. ciuiKCin-;s 37

or tliree inontlis. If is the third cit)' in the district and contains a

popnlation estimated by the Chinese at 200,000 altliongli I am inclined

to consider that too higli. Tlie cit\' is accessible by steamers, which

occasionally are sent np b\- the Hnijjlish government for moral effect.

It lies in the center of the sngar producing region, and is of course a

rich and valnal^le part of the countrw In addition to the above

named four centers, an agent has begun negotiations for a house in

Teng hai, a cit}' said to contain 150,000." The Teng-hai negotiations

were not successful and iMr. Ashmore had to wait, until nearb,- the end

of his life on the field, before that city was reallv occupied by us, and

a regular ser\-ice opened, b\' orie of the later missionaries.

For helpers he had Hu Sin se, Chang Lim and Kai Bun. In

his report for the year he mentioned the importance of owning a

chapel in the rapidly growing port of Swatow. Rents were very high,

and the building he had, was unsuitable for his work. New comers,

in these later years, are often troubled Ijecanse they see open doors

which they cannot enter, either from lack of funds or lack of men.

This seems to have, been an experience of all, from the early days

even to the present time.

The report goes on to say: "The Swatow chapel is ojjened

every day in the week, and it is my rule, when not prevented by

unforeseen circumstances, to spend a portion of each forenoon either

there, or at some other place in the vicinity, wdiere I can get hearers

to listen to the gospel. This exercise is varied by frequent visits to

the adjacent villages, in which I hope, by making repeated calls, to

form acquaintances and find persons who will have their ears opened

to attend to the things which are said."

jVIany years afte", the writer remembers hearing Dr. Ashmore

tell of some of his experiences in this daily preaching at Swatow. One

day he started out to return home with his old and reliable boatman,

38 iiisTiiin' III' riii; sihtii iiii\\ misshin, swatow

hilt :i Ikmvv (i>'^ M itlid cl(jwii ami after a time tlicy could not tell wliiclr

wav to <;(i. Swatow lias a]wa\s het-n not' il for its fnie street restaurants

with tlieir savory fried ducks, chickens and (jther delectable tliin<,rs tliat

suicll so iôod to the Cliine-e. It was afjout noon, so every few

moments the boatman tniiied his face to all the four directions and

sniffed. At last he said, "'I'hcre is Swatow, I can .^mell it." They

turned their boat arounil and by keepin;,; in the opiJOhilv direction

reached the shore ior wdiicli they had started.

Duri)!^ the summer of iSGq Mr. and Mr.s. Johnson whose

health for si)nie time had been L;i\'inL; waw went to America, and

stojipeil in California. Air. lohnson's health iniijro\ed, and he took

cliar;j;e of the church at IVtaluma, where he hail a succe.ssfiil pastorate.

This ieft the wluile Swatow held and work upon the slioulders of Mr.

Ashnioie. 'I'his brinies forcibh t(_i mind the necessit\' of better pre-

]iar.itiou ol the natixe workers, aiid in his reports home during; the

>e.n Mr, .\>-limore euiphasizeil this necessitx' and told of what he was

doiu^ to meet the situation.

This need of tr.lined helpers was ever ]v.esent witii the mission-

aiies. r.iit wheie could tlie\- be Ljutlen ? It was impossible to w.iit for

the education and li,unin>; oi a iio\ from ciiildhood to manhood, .1

matter of si.xteen or more years. The jêople weie believiuij and were

comin;^ into the chnvch. The mi,s>ion,n ics conic, not keep up w :th the

demand for trainiun all these JKlicxeis -c.itlered heu .ind theie .ill over

the held. The\ had done ^\llal lhe\ could to pup.iie men to tell the

-osj.el sloi\, b\- h.ivmo iluiM ^-ouie m foi ihc x\,.ck of stiuK e\cr\- two"""'II'-- 1>"I '""" w.is 'o b,. mule oi this xw.k of M.uK ,i> time wenton. Of one su.-h vNeek M,, Ashu.oie wnles The week of sindvhasbeen VMN„atisfacloM

1 h,„l i,, ehide llieui slunplx to, ,u,t liavino"

nni.e lho,o„..',]x niisi.ud the puvious K-son. Xot withstand, n.w they<i"l "^-11 I lî"w thev rould do belle,, and thev have ,lo,ic better. We

PLANTING CHURCHES 39

had ten of the class present the entire week, beginning with Tnesday.

The book of Exodns had been assigned to them to be stndied during the

two months they were at the outstations. They had been over the

ground before, so that it was chiefly a review. But they were told they

must come prepared to give an account of the contents of the forty

chapters continuously. Half of them did it straight along, naming the

chapter and then telling what was in it in a general way. We were

two whole forenoons hearing them, as each was required to go over the

whole ground. The others got through tolerably well."

Early in 1870 a vessel was wrecked on the shoal near Tang-O

and the lumber with which it was loaded drifted ashore and was

gathered up by the people near by. The Christians of Tang-0 got

their wreckage along with the others. Then they came to Kakchieh

and told the missionary about it. They were told that they must

deliver it over to the proper authorities. This they'did. The English

Consul took up the matter and put it into the hands of the magistrate,

who had the lumber delivered up, and an assessment of money besides,

because Chinese-like, he had to have something to line his j^ockets with .

It was put into the hands of the leading men of the village, and they in

turn must add to the assessment to pay themselves for their trouble.

The villagers, who were all very poor did not have the money, so a

percentage of their next sugar crop was assessed. The Christian bre-

thren said they would pay the first assessment, the one to the mandarin,

but they refirsed to pay the second one to their own leading men.

After consultation with the village elders, they agreed to put the

amount of this assessment into a small chajjel to meet in, and raised

twentv dollars. This was added to, by the missionary and the Ameri-

can Consul, and a small chapel w-as built.

At another station repeated warning had been given of trouble.

At last it came. A mob came, just at dusk, led with gongs, and the

40 Mis'i'iim (ii tin; ^(iii II ('ni\\ Misstdx, suxinw

Iwd (ilil null ,a iIr- iliapL-l wcic liiisllcil ont, the fiiiiiiture brukcii up,

tlif loiif biiikci ill .mil llic Iidii-^l- iiijile imi iili.iljitjljic. The hictlireu

iMiiu- 1(1 l\\c iiiis^ioii.ii V askiii;^ limi In t.ikc i!il- matU-r to tile Consul.

'I'lic iiiisNi.iiiai > I epulis: "The ease i^ lliiil'jlihte(]l\' (jiie which it would

be proper to take up iiinlei tieat\ stiijiilatious, but 1 have been low^

eon\iiicecl, inul in other jilaees ha\c steaiifa-tly acted in accordance

witli tlie coiuictinu, that to seek lliis protecli<-ii!, except in some \er\'

extraordinary case, is a thiu<4 which, in uiis.-ioijary policv is not

expedient," Air. Ashinore ,y;oes on to sa\-, 'T must speak of the

continual snlieitnde we lia\c fur the church iuem!;ers t'liat tlie\- should

oi\iw iu >^raee and especially iii S]iiritual-in;i;dedncss. I sometimes

wonder Imw it i> that people at home <;ct the idea that heathen cou-

\erts are such UKidels of peifection Surelv' we do not sa\- so. and if

we c\er write in such a way as to lead tlieui to infer it. we need to be

exceedin^K caretul .ilxuit the terms of our sentences I doubt

if those ^\\n went out of l''.,y\pt had all the mud of the brick kilns

washed froui their clothes before the\ started. Certain it is that the

Chinese are .slow to kimw the iiecessit\- I'f a tlioroiigh purj^tiou; the

former ilid not at niice adapt thtir la.-te to the clianoe of food fiom the

leeks and onions to maiiua, and the Litter to fieipieutiv show tr.ices of

the once fond remeuibianee of heathen >;.i;lic. The former "made a

calf in those da\s' because the\ had been .iccu-~;ouied to that: .iiid the

Chinese ha\e Lo be icMisl.inlh clRckeii in theii teiid>-uc\- to m.ike

a calf out of some \eiiet.ible heatheui.sh ns. !;..;(.' .uuoii;^ themsel\es "

Duriii;.; the \ e.ii I S7..foit\ weie b.iptu^^d, a lar.^e pioportiou

Iieino 1,1,] pidpK. .Seven died diiiin-.; the \i.,ii,,iiid thiee had to be

e\eliided.( )ue of Ihr billei bee. line iii\ol\rd ill .1 l.iw.Mlit ,iud w. luted

"" 'I'lii^l' •'^ ' I'odx to ispou-c Ins e.uis^-. 'plie second, bec.ime

(Ulaii.;l,d 111 luMtheiiMees, fo, which .it liis' Ik- s,.<,.,ued to feel some"nliilion; bill .dleiw.iids iu- 1k-.,u to justifx jiis b.id conduct, and''^^'"^''' '"^ l""!"-^' 1" eoiiiinue 11, It, .lud the church w.ts compelled to

PLAXTrxG cnrRCtuls - 41.

cut him off. The third "had not nuich earth" and wlien his

brother threatened to take away his inheritance, lie deliberately

renounced Christ, so he too was buried out of sight. "These three

funerals have been sanctified to the church and have made others

more careful and thoughtful. This is the only alleviation of these

sad cases."

Under the heading- "Independent Mission Work by the Native

Christians" Mr. Aslimore goes on to report: "Sooner or later they

mr.st take this load upon thcni, and it is now time the}- should make

a beginning. Thev are allowed to \-ole the appropriations from

our own contributions here. The man sent out, too, is of their

own selection and his report is made to them and not to me.

The}- can sustain one person for the whole year; but for

various reasons it has been thought better to send out their

missionaries for only a few months at a time. Two persons have been

employed at intervals, and at the next communion they will send out

one or two more for brief periods. ... It is not merely good to the

perishing, we hope for, from this movement. I shall be disappointed if

a powerful reflex influence is not exerted upon the whole church and

especially upon the assistants."

About the thorough education of a native ministry he goes on

to say, "On this subject I have v/ritten before and need not repeat at

lenoth. This subject is engaging the attention of the chief mission

stations in China generally. A well trained ministry is, so far as

human ao-enc\- is concerned, the great want of the da}-. We make the

Bible our text book, and from it we propose to teach the various

branches of evangelistic, systematic, and pastoral theology. In the

first, especialh', they need a thorough induction, as that is more than

the latter, the work for which they are designated. At present they

are engaged in a rigid analysis of the various books of the Bible,

42 MISTi.KV I.I' Tin: -nl Til l 1 1 1 \ \ MISSK.X, n\V.\T(iW

accompanied willi -liscussioii, aii.l with plans of sermous on selected

portions of the oroliiid ]Kisse<l o\ei."

Mr. Ashniore was at lliis time alone on the fiehl hnt hopini,' for

Teiiiforcemeiits.

In iSjr Mr. .ind Mi'-. lulinson, who had been abont two years in

California, returned lo Sw.itow, and joined in the heavy work now so

rapiclK' dexelnpin.i;.

In Mr. .\<hinMre's reiiorl for the year 1S71 he says, "The

tlieolo<.îcal class li.id held its rei^nlar .i-êniblages once in two luoiUhs,

and in diliiêiit slud\- of the scripture has dmie nobly. . . . Dnrinjj the

p:ist as in fdiiner Ne.ir>, Uie de\ehipnie;il of inward f;rowth has been a

subject of niiieiiiitliii;^ solieituile. r.\- this, more tlian by the simple

increase of nninbers is t!ie real proi;'ress of the clir.rcii to be gauged.

IP /'ifri Jiti^^>^.^"*'*J*j^Fw»-

I " V iMH-i . - |.n .1, h,

PLANTING CHURCIIRS 43

And yet, this is a point on wliicli the formation of a just and wise

•estimate is difficult, and the conveyance of that estimate in terms fitted

to convey to friends at liome a correct impression is more difficult, and

that in consequence of the different weight we attach to the same

expressions. We say, that some satisfactory progress has been made;

but you must consider that 'progress' does not mean the rapid and con-

spicuous advance with which you associate the word. There is much

misunderstanding on this point. What is rapid with ns would be s\a,w

with yon. It must never be forgotten in what an abyss of moral

corruption the nation is sunken. The converts are not transformed into

the 'spirits of just men made perfect' by the preaching of one sermon.

The law of growth does not operate in that way. The national

character of the Chinese is sordid and mercenar}', and selfish and

extremely phlegmatic. They are slower than some other Asiatic

nations to apprehend things which are spiritually discerned. And wdien

they are converted, these characteristics of the old Chinese Adam furnish

the weights and the easily besetting sins which retard their subsquent

o-rowth in grace. Understand us to say on this point, therefore, that

we think a substantial advance is visible from year to }ear. If not what

we would like to see in its fullness and freeness, it is quite enough to

encourage to effort and prayer, and onr confidence is that where God

has begun a good work in them, he will carry it on till the day of

the Lord Jesus.

"The subject of chapels has engrossed much of our attention

durino- the past year. A fine structure has been commenced at Swatow,

where it is very much needed, and as soon as that is completed we shall

beo-in another at Kakchieh on our own mission premises, not only for

weekly and daily use, but to meet an indispensable want of our

communions, when we have a large assemblage and have no room in

the compound that will contain them.''

IIll^'lnl;-, III- llli; ^1)1 III I IIIN\ \ll->>lii\, >\S'\Tll\V

I'\ir llif \(.Mi" tlictc- \\cve f(.ii"t\ -cue b:i]'>".iMiis. one exciiision, three

<ir foiii (lc:itli>, îiid s :;,:;! in ccMiiiihiuiuns. The \\"(.'iiiair> Baptist

Mission Sncict\ (if llie IC.ist lepuvt the support oi one of tlie three or

four I '.il)le-\\ eiiiieu Mrs. Julinson IkhI under lier o\eTS''.^]it.

^[r. J(ilins(jii wild, :is we h.i\e alre.uu' r.oted, retiiriieil earl\ in

the seasfni of 1S71, (he<l fioui a stroke of apopie.w October ji. I'^TJ,

and the station was a^âiii left in the caie of one man. .Mr. lohnson

had ;_;i\eii about Iwentx-fue Ne.us lo ur.^îon woik : the lirst p.iit to the

uiissiou in llonokoni.;, .ind since iSo, u. Swalow. He had had two

furloughs home.

We h.ive ,i:iven mnoh lime ,ind -p.ux- to ilu>e liist t\vel\e \cars

of Ihr miss„,n. 'i'lu X weie ihe xc u> when the two niLssionaries planted

Ihe M,d, maik.d onl ihe polu-v ,,nd plan of the work, and saw the

rlniuli spuMdui;,; o\ei thedistnct. TlKir hearts were clleered whenm w he.iieis iMUie in, .ind weie s.uldened wlien (lie babes m t'hnst

ri.AXTIN'G CHURCl-IfiS 45

iDrought reproach upon the church. We have quoted largely from

their reports and letters, l^ecause they were feeling their way along, as

were other missions all over the land. They each had served an

apprenticeship before coming to Swatow, and knew full well the value

of establishing right customs, for once established customs are hard to

change.

Having given the readers such an intimate insight into the

working of the mission, we shall not have occasion, perhaps, to quote

so largely from subsequent reports, except when new work is started, or

a new plan put into execution.

During the twelve years, two hundred and forty-six persons have

been baptized.

CHAPTER V

TRAINING THE CHURCHES

DI']\1X(".tliL- t\s'i-'l\-e sears \\i- lia\-L- liad niuler .snr\e\', we have seeit

the ])l.iiilin;; of tile eh u i ell i ii Tie e hi n. Coiigregalioii.s of believers

luue Ijeeii gathered at Kakeliieh, 'J'al liaii jjn, 'I"ie ie, Chung liiil, Tang

leiig, Tie ehiii hu, Kit ie, Swalnw aii'l Am ju. Tiie little bands of

believers at Tie chin hu and 'i'aiig leiig ha\-c been set apart as independ-

ent cluuches. This proxed to be too radical treatment, and the little

bands of believers were not able to function as indeperident chnrchcs^

and Iiad to fall back v\\ the help of the mother church, and in practice

had the same relations with her as before lliev were set apart as

iiulependent. To gi\t.' men the gosjjel to their own imiividual

salvation, is not the whole t)l tlu' commission whicli Christ left with

his disciples. We are to teach them " wh.Usoexer I h.ive comni.inded

\iiu." l\iL;ht heie in the hislor\ ot mission wtirk tile Acts of the

Apostles and the l''.i)istles l)(.come to i;< ,i Xcw Testaiutnt. Wdi.it

a comfort to us is this entreats' to the saints. "lie not one to anotlicr,''

,." '^ ° when we lia\e found th.it some of our .-.lints h.ue been tioinof that

\ery thing, and looking ns stiaight in tlie c\ e a< tlie\ did it. and th.it

sometimes the\' lia\e C(.>\eii.inled together, to tell the te.icher .i

Certain \ersion, and all stick to th.it \eisiou. — we'd, we must teach

them that to lie and deceive is not Chrr-t-like.

Men inav go to chnuh in the moiinu;^. .iiul atteiul to business in

the alteinoon;or the\ m,i\ turn the -iiop o\i.r to the sou to carr\'

on tin business foi tli.il di\-, bcc.ui-e he is not .1 believer. Thehead of the household cm iheii li.ive tei.suie to go to ch.ipel ser\ ice anil

S.Vbath"'" ''""'^ ''"^ '"' "'''' "'"' ""'^'^ '''"' ''•''^' ^'"•"^' ^^•^' '" t^' '-^tnni liome

foi 11k- iiMoii meal, ,md feel flee to si.i\ .nul t.ilk o\ei all sorts of things

46

TRAINING THl'; CIIl'RCrilCS 47

concerning the church and the world. It may be a little difficult to-

teach that saint, that letting the son keep the shop for hiui is not quite

coining up to the measure of what Christ wants of his followers. And

so it runs through all the sins mentioned by Paul when writing to the

churches he planted in the regions bevoud.

It makes a missionary wish tiiat he could divide himself up, and

be at every little church service every Sunday. But that cannot be,

and here comes in the value of the bi-monthly week of Bible study

already mentioned in the preceding chapter. This was an outstanding

feature of the work of the mission, and is constantly spoken of in

the letters home. Attended by all the preachers and the other

mission helpers, both men and women, and by many of the church

members, it brought the missionaries into frequent touch with those

who regularly came, and gave opportunity to impart the Bible instruc-

tion so much needed. Lessons of great practical value were also

brought out in connections with the questions that came up and the The WeekJ • 1.-4 1 ti • T^ 1 ii .

J,of Teaching

varied experiences or tliese gatherings, ror example on the occasion or Bimonthiy

which we go on to speak, the lesson was the book of Leviticus. i\Ir.

Aslimore telling about it says that three of the preachers were examined

on the whole book. They could name a chapter and tell all the impor-

tant things in it and whether these things were in the first, middle or last

part. Others did not do so well, while others were not worth listening to.

He goes on to say, "We had a most interesting time discussing various

subjects connected with the contents of the book. But alas, per

contra, we had this discu.ssion one day broken in upon by an angry

dispute between two of them arising from an old root of bitterness

which we hoped had been uprooted long ago. The reader will wonder

how it could have coine in at such an hour. Nothing came about more

naturally. We were discussing the sin of Nadab and Abiliu, and the

chief question was propounded—wherein consisted the great sin of

using strange fire when burning incense. As our manner is, each was

«

48 lll^|'^K^ III- I mi; -111 Til (IIINA MISSIllX, SW ATllW

;illii\vi.(l :iiiil ixinitcil to -ivi- Iii> iiiiinion. Wirioiis opinions liad been

^i\<-ii, anil ix,iiiiiiii.il kiii(ll\. It was staled the fire ninst be taken

lioin the altar wln-ic lln suni/nr li,til hr,ii hiinicil, and the meaning

was that no supplication or pra\ci to ' ".od conld ever be acceptable,

which was not based npon the uork of Christ, This Ijeing said the

<liscnssion rambles off in a side direction, conversed}- ; if, when we went

forth to win men, we tlion^ht to move tlieni by an\- other hopes and

motives than those clnslercd aronnd the cro-=. we then, too, wonld be

iLsinL! straniie fire.

"Then came the trouble. One of tlieni sittincr in one end of

tlie room took up the conversation and said, 'yes. and there lay in his

oiiinion, the real cause of the Tani^ leng difficulty.' One or two

peisons had come into the cluirch through a selfish hope of being

helped in the time of trouble, for they h,)d s.Tid that tlie assistant

foruurU' there had jnomised to help them. They had walked b\- the

li;.^ht of a 'siinnge fire.' IiistantK came a short angry denial from

the other end of the room, from the yierson who considered himself

rellected upon by the observaticui. Then followed personal reflec-

tions,— a shame to them both, and a grief to us all. It was a

miserable triumph for a few moments. .Mas for me, while never

dreaming of such a thing I h.ul unconsciinisK' introduced a hrebr.uid.

.And now these two l)rethren like S,ini<ou's foxes h.ul it between them,

and were making sad havoc of m\ <tanding corn. We got them

l)acified after a while, and then c.nne their shame .ind mortification.

The diificnlt\' of such long st.nuling between them, w.is censured by

the other .assistants as well ,is b\ m\>e'ii, .ind iventualK' we got them

both to pledge themseUes lli.it the\ wonld not forget the claims of

biolhei 1\- lo\ c- .i..^.iin, bn' ni\ pe.ice w.is gone for the il.i\

"II aiuone is disposed to cuticise let liiiu remember that

healiuiii.^iu is lesponsible for such .in unseeiuly exhibition, and not

TRAINING TIIR CI-IURCHI5S 49

'Christianity. Christianity is working slowly but surely to extirpate

the disposition which caused it. People do not always get rid of all

the remains of a fever as readily as Peter's wife's mother did; and takeAn Example

this also into account, if a dispute of any kind had occurred a few °f ChristianForgivenes*

years ago between them, before they became Christians, t]iey ivould

MOt have confessed to each other as they did that day. Weak as they

are, we are not afraid of scrutiny. Once they would have uiade a

.blood feud of it."

Discipline in the church has always been a most difficult part

of its traiuing. The Chinese have been trained for untold generations

that tlie family first^ and the clan next, should Jiang together through

thick or thin—deep water or shallow—and that is wliat they do. It

seems never to be a question with those who know about it, "how can

we make this person see his sin?" but, "how can we prevent others

from seeing it?" The family, the village and the clan must stand

together and shield him. And they will do it, and pay large assess-

ments required by the officials rather than give up the guilty party.

Now how can two or three believers from this clan, two or three from

another, and as many from auotlier, vote to exclude or even censure

a member?

The church at Tang leng had given the missionary a deal of

trouble, and at one time there was danger of a serious split in

the church. Some of the members had banded together to split the

church in order to get the backing of one faction. This was a serious

offense and one which needed to be sternly dealt with, in order that Disciplinein tile

this church and all the little churches might learn that this was not Churches

the way Christians should act. It is at such times that the missionary

begins to show white hairs if he has not already grown gray; and his

nerve and physical powers have to give out a bit faster than the body

can made good. The Tang leng situation was dealt with as follows:

50 III^TllKV (II' Tin: SMI Til CHINA MIS^Kl.V, SVVATdW

Tlu- iiiissioiiar)' in chaif^e sa)s :'•! liad clravvii up a severe letter to be"

scut to tliciii. The luLtlncn licrc, wlio canufit appreciate the impor-

tance of a ri^id disciiiliiR-, Ijei^^red mc to soften its tone before sending,

it. JJiil the ni(jie I kained of tile exjjcctations of those engaged in the

matter, the more I was coii\inced that nothing but the sliarpest

rebuke would keej) them sound m the faith, and then onl\- with the

special blessing of Ood. Seeking to divide the church in order that

the)' might compel attention and assistance to themselves personalK',

was a grievous ofleuce, needing to be dealt with, with such uiuieldiiig

sternness that it would not be dreamed of a-^ an available precedent

hereafter. Hut we concluded to wait until over another Sabbath, to

see if there would be an\' sign of tlieir repentance. It so happened

that on tliat \'er\' Sabbath Ki die came in ui>on us, having come to

Kakchieh to sojourn for a time. I rebuked her publicly before the

whole church for her comjilicit)- in the secession, and charged her with

being the instigator of the whole of it. She sought to justifs' herself,

and then I rebuked her the more. .She went awa\' aiigrv and obstinate,

however, with no apparent sense of what she had done, save that it was

something which the teacher denounced. Tidings of these things went

back to Tang leng and also of what was in the coming letter, and an

intimation was returned that the\ would again till tlieir places in the

congregation They were true to their promise and the ne.xt

Sundas' tlie\ all went back.

".\s for Ki ehe, who lem.iined ovei in this ueighborhood,-

I coiiehider. r .should Me nothing nioic of lur .liter the censure I hadpnniounr.d upon hei

,

e,s,Hci..lU ,is lor two Su.uiavs ,he dul not comeI" Hnneli. l;ul llie niediome. dis.ig, eeahle as it u.is to me to give, andIn he, t,, l.ike, did some good .Ute. ,,11. She heKi luck till noo,. of thelast Si,„d,,N, ,,„d then she luokedow,,, ,,„d .^,,1 t,, .|sk if ..he might beallowc.l l,,rn„,e to eo„,,„ „„ ,.,„. |, togcthe, with the brethleu. senthe, wo,d if she would puM.elx coufc-.^s Ik, ,<,„, she m,gh t do so. So

TRAINING THI^ CHURCHIvS 5I

she came in the afternoon, made confession, and it was cordially

received by us all. So that difhculty was at last over with." It is

difficult to imagine what such a triumph as that meant to the little

churches in their training for service.

The question of the church's taking up some active work for

spreading the gospel had been under discussion for some time. It

came to a head at one of the communion weeks and the cluirch decided

to send out two men and pay their salaries. Of course they wanted

the uiissionary to choose the two men, decide how much should be

voted for their salaries and where the}' should go. The missionary

was not seeking to take on new work but to put it upon the churchHome

where it belonged. Tliey made their selection—not the best perhapsi MissionWork

but they were good men and no objection was made. They voted

the money from the church fund, and sent the men out to certain

places. They were to report to the church at the next communion

week, when they or others would be sent out again. The men at the

money end of this venture learned some valuable lessons in this part of

church administration and the church learned something of their

obligation to pass on what they had received of the gospel. In the

1873 Report there were eleven outstations, two of which were

.sustained by the native churches.

In those earlier days a crazy woman was brought down to the

woman's house and prayers were asked for her recovery. By the

blessing of God and bv kind treatment she was restored to health. Of

course this wonderful recovery was told all over our field, that God

could not only save a person fron- sin but free him from insanity. One Presump-

11 re J 4. J tuous Sinpoor man who had not married thought he conld now attord to do so.

He reasoned: "The Lord is strong and able to cast out the evil

spirits in these days as he did when he was in Galilee. I can afford to

marry for I'll get a crazy woman for a very few dollars. .I'll marry

52 MisTdin' i]i' 'nil'. ^01 Til iiiiNv misshix, sw '\T(i\v

Ikt aii<l l.ikc lu-r tu K.ikcliirli an,] ask tliciii to pray licr well and t'.ieii

I'll lia\i.- a wife I'ui aliiiosl iiotliii]-." He carried out this nroj^rain so

far as to l)iiii<,' liei here and make liis request, Lnt the woman was not

healed, and that man's feaifnl e\'i)erience with his crazv wife taught

the chniih that there is a laesnmptnons sin, and that (lod does not

hold himself nnder ol)li;^atiiin, in such a case, to sa\'e a man a tew

dollars.

A ModernAnanias

Cnndiirtingtheir ownBusincmiM c o I i n

1^n

When the Kneh sia station, a branch from tlie Kit ie church, was

opened one e)f the inominent men <;a\'e the land for the chapel, .\fter

a while he ceased CDmiiii; ti) church, and he and his wife had

nsed improper lan^iiaije to each other. Hn sin se. the ordained pastor

at Kit ic, in ;_;i\in<^ a rejxirt of his district at the week of meetiiifijs told

of his experience. The man had said he ;j;a\'e forty-five dollars for the

land, lint Ilu sin se found ont that he had ]iaid only twel\'e or thirteen

d')llais for it. lie told them that iheir sin was the same as

that of .\iianias and Sapphiia, and that the\' must confess their sin to

the cluuih and nnisl also i;i\e into the treasury the differencj between

the ci)st of the land and wh.it thev said it coet: and tliev prv^niised thev

would do this. .Mr. l'artriibj;e in rep.tn tin;.; this tei the Ma>;.izinc savs,

"It is eiicouraoini; to see the chnicli members l.ikim.; up these cases

for discipline of their "wn ,iccoiil,"

It was a ;^l,id d.i\ when ill the mis-ion. n ies could sit b.-.ck in

their ch.iiis and let a bu'-iaess nieetin>_; be carried ^>\\ whcili\' bv

a n.ilive preiehei. (If coni-e he m.ide mi-.t.lkes, luU thei e w .is help

ehise at h.nid. The best \\,i\ ol 'eai;'.in'; is to do the thill" oneself.

Men weie li, lined who could c,iM\ on the confiisiu;; bus;ue-<s uieelim'S

with (li'Miilx .ind success. The\ soon so we see in .i lep >vt of iS""

cdiild iiiieslKin the cindid.ites who .ipplied for b.iplism, b'oinielK tllCN'

wanted lis t.i do .ill the ipiesl ion ino l,,,t now the\' conld do ii better

111, in wee\ai coii'.d ".\ Chin. nil, in knows the b.ick dooi , as well as

Training thf; ctu'Rciiits r,

the front door, to a Cliinfiinan's heart, and we are often amazed at someof the qnestions which possess the qnality of a boomerang, and hit

something- qnite ont of sight aronnd a corner." In one meeting it took

abont three hours to examine twelve candidates—an average of fifteen

minutes to each candidate. And this after they liad had a more private

examination by the preachers.

From the beginning the members have been taught to pray and

to believe in prayer. The Chinese have a way of just asking for what

they want, and there have been wonderful answers to their prayers.

The missionaries had been praying, in the Wednesday evening mission

prayer meetings, that more might accept Christianity than had done so

in the past, and they had asked the native church members to join in

this. At four of tlie bi-monthly seasons during the year 1877, fifteen^

eleven, twenty, and fifteen, sixty-one in all, had been baptized. The

fifth communion season came at a time when the first crop of rice had

been gathered, and the second was planted but was not far enough

advanced to need attention, so the people had more leisure than at anv to United

other time of the year. Word had been received of applicants for

baptism who were coming at the next communion, but the faith of the

missionaries did not lead them even to hope for so man}' as actually

came. Th.ey began to come in on Tuesday with the preachers and

Bible-women. The program for the week's meetings had to be modified

in order to find time to examine the one hundred and four candidates

who were asking for baptism. At 8:30 .Sunday morning fifty-nine

were baptized, thirty-eight men and twent\-one women, the )-oungest

a lad of seventeen, and the oldest a woman in her eightieth year. At

the morning service the house was packed, man\- sitting out on the

verandas. In the afternoon one hundred and ninety sat down to the

Lord's Supper. One hundred and twerjty baptisms during the vcar

of 1S77, and the year not yet finished. The churcli had an example of

what united prayer and effort could do.

Prayer

54 lllSTiiKV nV Tin: M)i III illlNA MISSION, SWATOW

111 the vcnr :86.s ilnxx- of tlie Christians died and one of them

was tlic man, Chai ki, who - ivf >o nnich promise of usefulness. Of

Iiis death Mr. Asliniore says:

"I'irst of all, Chai ki was taken away. The manner of his

death was to lis painful in the extreme. He was lielpin;.,' us siiper-

inteiul the work on the dwellin- house in which I now live. While

he was standinjj near a i)iece of nnfini.'-hed. wall, a beam wliich was

leaning against it slipped, and one end fell square upon liis head. He

dropped to the orouiul senseless. The outcry of the workmen drew

my attention. I was but a few feet from liim at the time, indeed but a

moment before I myself had been standing on the very spot where lie

stood wliLii the blow came. I ran to liim. He was .-mall and slender

Death of a ,.,,..,, n ^

Preacher. (if frame so I picked him up and carried him into the house. Restor-

atives were instantly apjilied ; the pulse improved a little for half an hour

but then vai)idl>' fell, and soon we could perceive it no longer. He had

gone. Manv and l)itter were the tears we shed, for Chai ki was no

common irau for the Master's work. The advantages of education

lie ne\er liarl, but the entrance of God's word had not only gi\'ou him

light, but had stimulated a tliirst lor knowledge of tiie things of God,

and, taught lj\' the spirit, he li.ul liecome a ch.impion for the truth,

iiiisuT].)asse(l in elfecti\eiiess by .in\ lie.ulieii coiuerl I e\er lia\e known.

Truly he was a burning and sliiiiing light, a ni.in of restless ardor, of

indomitable courage, and of f.iilli in Cod which ,U times towered

into the sublime.

".\notliei (U-.itli \\,is lli.it ,if T.mg pe .in old 111,111 belonging to

the Tail',; Kno eoiigug.it ion. lie h.ul been ill ,1 long time .iiid had

;_;i\eii ill I (d ions tli.it no he.lthen iites sluiiiKi be obseued ,U his funeral

bill he li .lied his Mills ,md d.iu^liteis-iii-l.iw would not heed bis wishes,

so lie t,.ld Ih. Ill 111. 11 il thex dhl ..bseive the lie.itlieii pi,ictices he would

leluiii 111 spiiil, ,iiid siiKish the thiii-s, if the I. cud would let him

IlL-nthcii

ritra nt nChr i«(inn

f nn«m»!

TRAINING THE CHURCHES 55

_After his death the family lit the candles and put a bucket of rice on

his coffin. In the morning when they went in there was the rice

•scattered on the floor, the hoops of the bucket broken and the bucket

fallen to pieces. The family were so frightened they did not dare

touch anything, and when the Christian brethren came, they begged

them to take charge of everything and do as he had wanted, and make

it such as would effectually pacify the departed spirit.

Let us take note here that among our Christians a large pro-

portion were old or middle-aged people, so that the church roll was

kept down by the large number of deaths among the believers. TheThis gospel

old people are not gospel hardened as are the old unbelievers at home, can save all,

who have heard and rejected all their lives. »So when the gospel came

to them it was a new teaching which they accepted. They knew by

sad experience, of a long life of seeking for something to satisfy their

souls' longing, that this was different and could and did satisfy.

It has seemed almost impossible to keep the sin of cupidity out

of the lives of our Christians. The pastors of our little churches are

particularly tempted in this way. From one of Mr. McKibben's reports

we find how he dealt with this sin :

"It was the young preacher who disappointed us, making

merchandise of the name of the church, using his position to levy

blackmail even on the heathen. Happily his sin found him out.Jljpijj^y"^

When he got home the church there placed him under discipline

appropriately severe, by which means, I am happy to say, he was

brought to public confession and to pledges of restitution.

"More recently another young man, a bright fellow, was found

to be abusing his trust in a similar way and to a much greater extent.

When the case was laid before the brethren they made a most search-

ing inqTiiry, and no signs of repentance being elicited, he was

repudiated and excluded from the church by very emphatic action.

.S6 lllsT()l(\' Til TNI' Mil III ( lll\\ MISSIiiX, SW ATuW

111 Ncl aiiiillin iiistiiKc .1 laljicr li.id to he retircil to pi iwite life for

iinpniiK.-! use of liis ]io,siti(jii, Iril- a^.iiii tlic brctlireii beiii^' with us."

Peiliaps no decision in llie life of the church was more

uionieiitous than tliil of Dr. .\shniop- and ])'.. P.irtridjê, when, after

loug dclilier.ition tlie\ decided to \sai\'e the ri;;ht LTranted \)y treat}', to

appeal to the Auiericin Consul on helialf of the Chinese Christians,

-

and instead to let all cases be settled b\- the Chinese officials, or b\'

mutual agreement anmnL; the [ arties in\ol\ed. 'J'he week of meetings

Teaching]^,^^] ijecoiue a time when .ill the troubles o\er the whole field, were

the ChurchtoTrustonly ijôucrht and iionred into the ears of the two missionaries. Timein God. '^ '

planned for other things was consumed in hearing about these disputes-

and outrages. The uiissionaries knew well enough that if the Chinese

could shift the lo.id oil their own shoulders on to the foreigners, it

would be a grt-.U thing to them, the Chine.se. So t'ne missionaries

were ne\er ipiitt.' sure that the stor\- tolil was abôhltely the truth.

The\- l)elie\'ed also that if the Cluisti.iiis had faitii in God and would

trust Him the\ could hi.- left in (iod's care.

The\' told the jneaclieis wli.it thes- had beei; thinking about,

and wdn- the\' had decided to t.ike this stand. The pre-ichers were

rather quiet at I'irst but when the whole ipitstion luui been fullv

discussed they accpiiesced, and went out to lepoit to the churches.

The\- must li.ue puseiited the m.iltei in .1 coiuinciiiL; w.i\. for when

llieN' came to the next iiKeliii;_;s Hot ,1 o.ise of liou!>Ie c.nne with them.

.\iid thus ilu woik wuil on nioinh b\ mouth ,uid \ e.u b\ \ear,

line upon line, pucipl upon piecepl, with t lie up! ill of the members of

tile ehiiieh e\ei ill iniiid 1> .lui pk s li\ IIk huudnd could be given

ol Ihe eoiisl.inl cue iûeii to the cliiiuh nieinbers to bring them 1111 to

the staliiie wdiicli is in L'liii--l jesUS.

CHAPTER VI

WORK FOR WOMEN

IN tlie planting of the clinrches tlie woman's work had an important

part, and contributed largely to whatever success has been attained.

A number of stations, especially those in the Kityaug field, were

opened as a direct result of tlie woman's work. This phase of the

work was, perhaps, more marked in the earlier, than during these later

years in which more stress has been put on developing the women

members in right Christian living.

For the carrying on of this work in the Tie chin field from the

beginning, seventeen women have been appointed by the Woman's

Societies. This does not include doctors nor woman for school work.

For further details about these workers, I refer the reader to the Roll

Call.

While the mission was still on Double Island, one of the older

pupils who had come with Mrs. Johnson from Hongkong worked for

the women on the island. After the removal to the Kakchieh com-

pound and before Miss Fielde's arrival, the Magazine reported that

there were four Ijible-women, one of whom was supported by the

Woman's Society of the East. Just what these women did and where

thev worked is not very clear. No doubt they were doing what they

could in those troublous early days.

When Miss Fickle arrived in Swatow in February, 1S73, she

had her plans well in mind. She had visited Swatow on her way

home from Siam and knew the conditions, and had a working knowl-

edge of the language.

, . 57

158 iiisTdKv III' iiii; SMI rii (iri\\ .misshix, >w\T(ivv

SIk- ruinul hen- ;i climcli iiR'nibL-isliip of o\'cr tw(j hundred witir

wliicli to hfi^iii lici cam]i;ii^'n. Thuic were eleven stations scattered

.(i\er till- liL-ld, witli cliapel.s, (.itlicr biiik or rented, for the use of tliese

centers of work. < )ii l'"cl)riiar\,

11, 1S76, tlie tliird anniversary of lier

arrival in .Swalow, Miss l'"iehk- wrote as follows:

"As the found. itioiis had fii.sl to be laid, I had to spend much

time in building. I lia\-e built a small and substantial house for my

own home; a house for the traininj^ school for I'ible-women, in which

there are living and class rooms for t\vent\ ; two snia'il liouses for

country work, each about fort\' miles from here and which are now

also used as chapels; and iia\e niortg.iged or rented houses at four

-Other stations. I send no Bible-wom.m to any place where I have not

myself been, and with the locality and conditiiju of which I am not

acquainted."

"There are onediundred and lift\- wcmen connected with our

church .iiul I have visited nearly all of them in their homes, and know

their personal circumstances. Those who are .if snit.ible age, and

whose domestic relations are such tli.it tlio\' ciu be absent without

neglecting any home dut\-, I iiuite to dine .uid Icain to re.id for two

months. If iltning the two niniuh-; leaching siio ni.inifests the

character and abililx tlesir.dile in a r.ilde-wom.i.i, I in\ ite her to stav

,iud read two months more, ,ind I t.ikc lui wn'.i me to >ome of the

lie.ithen villages and make pi.iclicd expciimciu oi Jur .iptuess in

telling others what she knows of Cln isii.mnv . \\y the end of four

months I am sullicicnlK .ici|ii,iintod witli Ikm to judge whethei it is

.-idvisable Id sjniid nioii- kdmi npon lici.''

Miss iMrldc h.id pup.iud SOUK- slicct ti.icts auidu- which were,"ThcTuKCnd" .M,d "Afic, Pcth- W.ib 1'.. Ashnu.rc's help Shim.idr

.,colln.pnal \ei.s„,n of ,, compendium nf the four tio.spels.

WORK FOR WOMEN 59

These were used in teaching tlie women, who were also tanght the

Old Testament Bible stories. One of the old women, in telling about

Daniel in the Lion's Den, gave a vivid picture, as she related how lie lay

down to sleep, put his head on the lion and peacefully slept, while the

lion kept him warm and did not hurt him, for God watched over him.

It was not long before Miss Fielde had twenty women at work

all over the field, and the number of women coming into the church

was larger than before. Some of the women who studied went back to

their homes better versed in the Bible truths, and helped to bring in

their neighbors. The school on the compound did not keep in

session all the time. The women were sent out, and INliss Fielde in

her touring visited them at their stations and kept a close watch on what

they were doing. They all came in every two months for the week

of stud}', bringing with them any new hearers who could leave home.

It meant more to those women to make the trip to the compound at

Kakchieh thair it does for many Americans to cross the Atlantic.

Many of these old womeir might be the only believers in their

own village and must needs walk for miles on their mutilated bound

feet, with the

aid of a four-

foot pole to

keep the mfrom falling,

to meet a few

others of like

belief at their

country chap-

els. Here at

Kakchieh they

would find aOne of Miss Fielde's old Bible women still at work in the hospital.

great crowd OI one oF the first Bible women in the world.

^o lllsTdin- fil' 'I'm', Si)i:'ni (III.VA MfSSInX, SWATOW

people :ill I'dieviii- in Cliii.-t as llieir ])ersoiial savior, and all of

^li(.,i, 1, ,|,|,v_(ii)\v<k(l, of course tlie\ were, l)iit what of that ? They

used tin- W'dUian's .Siliool nsseinhh room for slee])iiio, puttiiio^ two

lieuelies ln-ctli(i Iw ser\e as beds foi some, while otliers sle])t on the

floor. 'riie\ tlii«u'_;lit lua\en could not he cleaner and better tlian the

women's olil dark seh.x.l house wiili its small hi;^!! barred windows.

Such wiinilerful stories as they had to tell when they returned home!

I do not believe that in those da\s it would ha\-e been possible to get

women to come in to our jireseut Wuman'.-- School biiildin;^ with its

wade hall and stairwax and tall windows. The old bMildin<j was just

enou;_^h better than their own homes to make them tliink of hea\-en

and \et not so far a\\a\ from wli.U thev knew that the>' could not

appreciate it.

As the ciinrch i;rew, the aniouut of work laiew. More chj[iels

were opened all o\er the field and there was too much for one person to

care for, so Miss Tlujm[ison was sent out. The oriijina! plan was for

her to work the Chaochowfu field, from that st.ition, when Mr.

McKibbeii should secnie a home there. But kept here in the com-

]iound. b\ circumstances over which she had lui control, she tan^dit in

the womaiTs schotd and went with .Miss iMeide on >ome of her countrs

trips. vShe was one who could sit ii!.;lit down .mioi!'.^ the women .ind

chat with them in ,i deli,L;htful clinmm\- wa\ tii.it pleaded them,

wherever she went. When M i-s X.u wood came, .ifter she h.ul studied

the l,in,-uai;e awhile, the lield w.is dixuhd into iluec jvirts, each

w..ui;in, Miss loeldc, Miss Tlionip>on, .lud Mis. Xovwood, havin- the

^^""'>" "' '^vo conn'.ies lo look .ifiei. The Chiuoe s.iid there were

'N""".""" l'^"l'l^' I" tl"' six coiiuiic- Tlu- iiiimbei- weie so apallin-

"'" " •-" i""l I" '"" lakiii- ..vei Muh .1 woik tlMt theic was almo>t no"- '" 'll-'iM't -ii^li .1 bio ,1,,,..^. M,s^ Thoinpsun .soon went with the

Ml KibJK ns mlo ihr Ij.il.k.i woik.

\V()1U< I'OR WilMlvN or

Miss Norwood entered most fully into the work, doing her full

-share both of country work and of teacliiug the women in tlie class.

After Miss h'ielde went home, she had the care of all tlie woman's

Avork in our dialect and, for a short time, of the girls' boarding- school

besides, \^'hen her first furlough was due slie went home, and when

she returned it was as the wife of Dr. Lyall of the English Presb\terian

^Mission here, so we lost a most \'alued worker. .Miss I'lelde returning

from furlough, again took up the work.

The women who followed these pioneers carried on the work

along the same lines, teaching the schoel and going into the couiitr}-.

While doing their country work, Aliss Scott and Miss Dun widdie

tried to do something for the children and young girls. Bright picture

cards with scripture verses on them lured in

the cliildre;i who went away with Bible

\erses a little prayer and perhaps a Iniiin

they had been taught. In the afternoon,

visiting the women in their homes was the

order of the da\'. That was al\va}-s hard

wo'-k, for the invitations came from all quar-

ters and no place was ever vsi x far away!

The miles and miles of tra\-eling in tliis wa\'

will never appear in any report. But how

the women who were called on did enjoyoff for a trip in nii,.^si:)a hoii^eho-il.

ha\-ing them come ! Tliis kind of work has

been followed from the beginning to the ]5resent time. These weary

workers often returned to the boat or chapel too tired to cat or to say

another word, nor with energy enough left to drive off the curious

crowds who peeped in to see them wash off tlie dust from their faces

and hands. And only the memory of the gloiified face of the old

bedridden believer or wife wdio so seldom could get to tlie chapel could

make it seem possible to keep on.

62 iii-,riiKV (II' Tin: mii lu riM\,\ ^ÎS^ô^', swatow

Tlu- wi.ik f.)i the eliiMun ik-\x-l(i]n.(l into work for older girls,

then till- wonnn r.inic in, in.] tliL -tatimi cl;i--~ wis e\olvecl. The

\alne of

this station

_ l.ister thanA Sjlaliuu CI.i>> IlK-i'ldw iiiinith. c<.iit.'rul hrsl r^jw i» uvci v^ \c-ar» olu

Shi- wns one ol' llu- fir^t Dilik- wonicii iiiid i> |.r.ihal>ly the olric'l Bihie woman living. tllC WOrk-

eis ha\'e, so tliat the ever-present qneslion has been how we can meet

the neeil, anil one answer has heeii thes; station classes for the women.

Tiiese ha\'e been condiicteil in diffjient centers all o\-er the field, both

b\ the worker.^ nientinneil abo\e and liy olhcrs who ha\e followed.

After Miss S<>llnian and Mi-~s Tra\er were well into the work

they dixided it up in a new wa\-. In^'.e.ul i>l each one having a

distinct field nf dntstations In loi'k

after, llie\ divided tile \eai, an.

each tiMik hei niunths nf staliui

\Miik; then l)\ e\chan'_;in^ w . m k

line lau;_^lit liir a lei in i n 1 he coin

pi Hind w liile the ol hel u enl mil

It ;.;iifs wil hi lUt sa\ iii'.; I li.il will

< ii 1 1\ h 1 1 \ I w II S n n I k I \ s in 1 1 1

.

\ iMl, ;iliil lA (lit \ III I heî- cut mil

on acLniinl ul lual, Ci'iiiinit li. e

WORK. 1"()R WOMI^N 63.-

meetiiigs, and conference, no one can reach one-hnndred and sixty-nine

cliapels in a year. The station classes have helped, but they are not

enongh to meet the need. In the early history of our mission, when

heathenism barred the way into the homes and seemed determined to

keep Christianity out, we nsed to pray for open doors. We do not need

to do that an3'niore. XYe can save onr breath and thonght, and con-

centrate on the question of how can we enter the doors already open.

CHAPTER VII

THE OPENING OF INLAND RESIDENCE STATIONS

W|[I{\a linildin^ li.i> il> loiiii<l.ili<Mis laid and tlie superstructure

li;dl' \v.i\' up, if it is ,111 aiiliitectm.d unit, we know fnjiu these

first stories souietliin:,; of what the \\diole l)UiMiii;f will be.

We JKUe i;i\eii l<i the first lialf of (.ur cycle rather minute >nidy

of nietho.ls and plans, and of the resulls attained. It will imt be

necesârx- to continue this \ear ]>>• year studv of the laying of the

bricks and llu' filling; in of the mi.irtar, but onl\ briny; to notice the

more imporLiut things that have come into the structure, like the

bnildino- in of a balcoiu-, nr the settini; of a door or of .in oriel window

for needed li'^ht.

We uK-utioii as imjiiirl.mt .ind strikin:^ m(3\eme!!ts and events in

the missiiiii, dniin^; the second li.alf of our cycle, the opening up of the

Hakk,i field; tlie biaiichiiiL; mil of the inland w.irkers in the Tie chiu

field, with the establishnieiU of new roidence statiems; the org.mi/.atiou

of the Mi>--inii Coufeience, with its wuious cominif.ecs; the ;îeater

ies]ionsil)dit\- put npun the mission b\ the lb>uie IkiiuI. in the carrying

I'll (il the Work; the appro] i iati"iis made in ;_;ross; the de\'elopment of

our schdiil work; the dein,iii(U m idi' on u-~ b\ I'aei.ipidK ch.iipîii;.;

seiitiuieiil of the (.'hiiiese. the eff.nt to ._;i.t new woikeis to meet these

deiiia:i(K; the liiiildin^ <ipeiation> to lioii--e the uii-î>Miai les .iiid to

liin\ide Idi ihe i iiei easi n^ nnmbeis of studeiUs in oui schools; the

de\'eli)piiieiit of tile Siiiid.n ."School woik; the \isit,> ofoai Seciet.uies;

Ihe \i>il o| ilie JikIsou piit\; the oi i;,ini/alioii of the Chin.i liaptist

I'libliealioii .S,ieiet\ 111 I'anton and, we must not foi^êt it, the e.Uth-

ipiakc of 11

) IS.

(^4

THE OPIJNING OF INLAND RESIOlCNCIJ STATION 65

In this chapter we shall briefly take up the opening of the

Inland Residence Stations in the Tie chin department of the work.

Ungkong, J 892

In 1892 Dr. Carlin, who had been living in the Kakchieh

•compound studying the language and making trips into the country,

secured in the city of TJngkung, a large sugar establishment, regarded

by the people as haunted, containing many rooms large and small. Hemade some changes in this, and took his family there to live. Large

numbers of Chinese came to see them. The place was on a well

travelled road just outside one of the city gates. All the varied forms

of mission activitj- were introduced, woman's work, girls' and boys'

schools, and country work, as well as a training class for men.

As the time drew near for Dr. Carlin's return home on furlough

he asked for a man to take his work when he should go away. In

answer to this call I\Ir. and Mrs. Groesbeck came out, and were

-designated to Ungkung to be associated with Dr. Carlin. They were

left in charge of the field, when Dr. Carlin with his family went home

on furlough. This was during the Boxer troubles. TJie Ungkung

region is always ready for a nglit, and came in for it at this time. In

this southern part of China it was the Triad Society that made the

trouble. The Groesbecks were obliged to leave Ungkung, and the

house was pulled down by the mob, things were carried off, and what

were left were broken to pieces. The library was a total loss. The

oflScials subsequently restored the house, but a library and one's per-

sonal possessions, the things one has collected and had for years can

never be replaced.

On his return from furlough Dr. Carlin had a second term of

service at Ungkung, and when he returned to the United States for the

66 lllsTilin' III' Tin: -III III I lll\\ MI>SIl)\, >U'ATuV\'

-l\ \k llu^l^e ril I iigkuji^.

last time, .Mr. Lewis \\;is sent tliere, ar.d lias had tliat tield during the

last fifteen \e,ns. Mi. Lewis -[uMit liis novitiate at Kitxar.g when

stmlsiuo the laii;^iia<;e and had an opportunity to stiidx mission work,

liefiiie he was loailed dnwii with responsiblit\ . After his leiiioval to

rn,L;kniig, Mr. Kemp helped him for a short linie in the oversight of

his field, and the\ visited the ontslations together. He has been wise

in his leadership, and has carried lii> Chir.ese with him in all the

advance moves he has made. The ehn relies have developed in all

ways, especialK in the matter of ;.:ivini: and of self-snpport.

Chaochowfv.. 15^4

riie lu \l si, II, ,111 1,1 iKoouie a us,deiiee station was C'liaochow fu.

'I Ins was Ml |N.||, aliuiil IweiilN \eais .ilui the liist attempts to i^ct in

there. Clia.Hh..wfn is pu luies,|,u 1 v ,sitn,il<.d >mi the ,iglit hank of the

''^^' ""' 'I'lnsMxei, .ifiei Us .dm.ist stiaight course south through

I'h- hills, ,,t (his point divides .uid finds its w.ix hv maii\ streams.

Tlii; OPKNING OF INLAND RfiSIDlCNCl': STATION 67

which meander through the delta, to the sea. It has an estimated

population of 400,000. Formerly it was the political and literary head

of this department,

but now the old

government exami-

nations are of the

past, and the new

officials of the Re-

public live at Swa-

tow. It has therefore

lost its official ini-

^Dortaiice.

Mr. Kemp was

desio'Iiated to Chao- The pagoda at Chaochowfu where the stream divides.

chowfu and rented a shop to live in. Later he rented the "monkey

den,'" a house that the English Presbyterian Mission had used for a

dwelling, before they bought ground outside the wall on the river

front, and made their compound and located their hospital there.

The Den got its name from the monkeys a former occupant had kept

when he lived there.

Chaochowfu has always been a \ery conservative place and

yielded slowly to the gospel message.

The old rented chapel was far from satisfactory, and when Mr.

Kemp had secured a location on one of the principal streets, and built

a preaching hall in 1901, he had in one )ear one-hundred applicants for

baptism of whom twenty-two were received and baptized.

Mr. Kemp succeeded in getting ground on top of a low hill

across the river, and on this hill top he built his residence. Later

68 iMsrnin' (ti- nil', Sdirrii china mission, .swaTow

;i second house \v;is Iniilt U,r Mr. linker on tlie same hill top.

They liave a l)e;iiititnl i^ntlook \\\> tlic river, and when tlie

wind favors,

the stretch of

river is ahnost

hidden witli the

sails of the pic-

turesque Hakka

boats as they

lea\'e the city

on their home-

ward wax. At

the foot of the

lii'.I in irowt of

the ho\ises, aII. [kk,. ll.Ml- W illl III

]iagoda stands on a point of land where the river divides.

Mr. Kemp toiled for main- years and saw meager lesults, Dr.

(Troesbeck took his turn in working..; the held, \\heu Mr. Kemp was

nwax' on fnr!oip^]i. Mi. r,;ikei then c.inu- .iml was associ.itcd with Mr.

Keiu]), and he too went lionie on liulon;^b. And l.is:, Mr. Kemp went

lionie and snddeiiK died ,inl\- ,i few d,i\s .ifler he re,idled Mrs. Kemp,

after .1 sejiaialinn ol se\u,i] \eais. The pl.io^- w.is left with t\\oempt\'

dwelliii;.; houses, ,is Mr. b.ilui's ulr.in w ,is dibu eii b\ the cuiulitioil

of his heallh.

Ml. .ind Mis. Ililihelli who li.id been sliuKin;.; tlie l.iiionaoe at

Kakilinli w 1 u- drsiM n.iiinl to Cli.iocliow t ii . Then e.iine the armies of

the Ninth .ind llic .Soiilh l.u'e to f.ice ,ii (.'h.iochowfu. 'blie iileichants'

<biild ni.iilr .111 .ippe.d lo ihe mission. iiies to medi.ite .uul s.u e the citx'

lioin boinb.iidiiii nt. Mi. llildulh and the bbu'lish Treslivterian mis-

THE OPENING OF INLAND RESIDENCE STATION 69

The first girls' school, Chaochowru.

sionary were able to arrange- peace terms; and save the city, and the

people were very grateful.

There had already been, throughout our field, a turning to

western methods of school work, but now the demand seemed like a

flood, until we

could not meet

it. Chaocliowfu

as well as other

places felt the

change. The

mission had for

\eai's wanted to

get property ad-

jacent to our

chapel for school

purposes. Dr. x\dkins had wanted it for hospital work, and now

in 1918 it came on the market and was bought, and a girls'"

school was opened in tlie old buildings, and is now overrun with

scholars. When Mr. and Mrs. Baker returned in 191S it did not seem

passible to them

that such chan-

ges could come

so rapidly to that

proud old con-

servative cit}'.

In speaking of

it, J\lrs. Baker

said, "if Mrs.

Kemp who Chaochowfu nridgesliowingsliop^c,

worked so hard, could only be here now to see the changes, and the

opportunities we have to visit the women in their homes!

L)ic pie-rs.

70 IIISTiiliN III' llli; ^iil Til 1 NINA MISSION", SWATOW

'V]\v I'rc.icliiiii^ Hall li.is Ik-cii (li\i(lc(l into a t%vo-stor\- building,

tin- loinfdictil ciiiK ulc ll'Mir liimlin^^ together the cartlujiiake sliaken

walls and iiiakin;^ the hnildm^ more secure. A part of tlie building

is iiSL<l for tile hows' school. It i^ ho]ied that a new chapel nia\- Ije

built and all the old hinldiiiL; n^ed for the school.

In connection with the city chapel work there i.s a boys'

di\y scho'il of priuKUN and ;^rainniar L^rade with 245 jiupiLs, and a

. :: !>' da\" school

the s a m e

:e with S3

• ,;iil<. Across

e bridge at

i< e-thau anoth-

. i:a\- school for

;.; i r 1 s has 33

inipils. In the

i.ookiMK Ml,,,,., m. ci,:i.Hi„,»i„ Hnii^.. schools at the

seveial siations of the Chm ,li(,\v.fn held there are some 30ei more

bo\s.

Kity.ms. lS°e

The next inland sta'.ion t,, h^ made a foiei^n residence was

Kityano in i,X,,(,. \\\. lu-an wmk in tlie cit\- as ^.u\\ as iSo.S. TheKilv,in;j; ndd, which nicln.Ks ilu- .listiict .is well as the cit\-, had

Ineii betle! cull i\ .i(rd, jna h.ips, than anx of our otlier tields. Therewer.' stations .il.oni Kitvano that h.id been opened and worked for

m;mv years Miss I'leldc with h-a llihle women h.ul toured all alon-

up and down llir Kils.iUi^r ,,vci l>i. \shmoic, Sr. .savs, "The best

poilion of my life had heen put into that Kitvaiii; woik "

THB OPENING 01' INLAND RESIDENCE STATION 71

The first of December, 1895, Dr. Bixby went to Kityaiig to live

and took over from Dr. Scott the care of tlie liospital and the medical

work.

Ibft i n » « sef

k : V_r»

Not long after Dr. Bixby went to Kityang Mr. and Mrs. Spei-

clier, who had arrived late in 1895 andhad begun their language study

at Kakchieh, went to Kityang to share with Dr. Bixby the only

dwelling house available at that time.

The assignment of missionaries to an inland station for residence

means a great imjDetns to the work centering at that place. New dwell-

ings were Ijuilt, one for the missionary family and one for the single

women workers. A new and much larger chapel was called for, and a

building for a boys' school. Then the hospital accommodations were

outgrown and a large hospital was erected for women on ground adjoin-

ing the old hospital. All this was at Kit\ang city. Throughout the

district new stations were opened, and a native missionary society was

formed which carried the gospel message to the hitherto unworked

Waichow district. Since its formation this society has done a large

and noteworthy work, planting about a dozen churches, in the Waichow

and adjoining districts, with comparatively little expense to the Home

Board. The reflex influence of such work on those engaging in it, who

can estimate!

72 IllS'lCiin 1)1- 'nil" SnriH Cllf.VA MlS^inX, swatow

\\'1r-ii ill n/>.s, after iiearl\' ten years on tlie field, Mr.

Speicher lo<ik liis lii.sl finl'in-li, he Icfl liis Irjld in the care of liis-

preacliers, with a provision for tlie reference of difficult qnestioii.v

tn one of the

i/.iIl-v missionaries.

This was the first

experiment of the

kind ill our mis-

sion, but it showed

that the Chinese

are able to carrv a

large measure of

respoiisibilitv

.

The l)..\.s' l)().ii(lincr sclinol buildinq- f.icts the river close bv, a

conspiciKiiis (ibjcct, whicli .ittracts tlie attention uf tlie people as tliev

travel li.ick and forlli on iliesteam Luinches. The school lias developed

into a junior acadeiin-, :iii(l last year had i .( lioys of ac.ideiiiv grade, with

no ill the L;rainin:ir sclioo] de|Mitincnt. l]i tlie p:imarv schools of the

KitNan^; field theie were ;i(i pupils in the boy,-' schools and (x) in the

girls' schools.

Ch.roy.inghsicn, 1*^05

This -real cil\ nine mile- fiom .Sw.itow iKciuie a missionary

rcsidiiux' sl.ilion in m, .^. Mi. Cioe-b.ek w I;o li.ul fiist been at

nii.;kiiii- leiii. lined on tii.il field iinnl lb. Ciiliu'.- letum from

Iniloiivli, .Hid s.M.n .illei went on fiiiloii-li liuii-elf,

<»n ,0,11111:4 b.uk to Chill. 1 he took eluu-eof the Chaochowfulield 111 Ml. kcnip's .il.seiiee. Then the Ch. ion .m- held was made over

l" li'in an.l he built his home on the Inilher side of the citv, on the

THE OPENING OF INLAND RESIDENCE STATION 73-

shore of Haimuii bay, where the summer breezes reach them after

crossing the waters of the bay. It is said to be the coolest place in or

near thisf-port.j. - .? ,:

The field had been a hard one to work and the people

unresponsive. Thousands from Chaoyang and the surrounding country

emigrate to foreign countries every year. They go to Hongkong,

.

l>1l1 anil new ciiai

Annam, Siam, Singapore, and to the islands of tlie sea to the south.

Their experiences in foreign lands do not make them any more read)'

to receive the gospel.

Through his bo)s' school, Dr. Groesbe;k has in the recent -^ears

come into touch with a different class of men who send their bo}S to

the mission school because it is a better school tlian tlieir government

schools. The officials and men of wealth have given liberally to lielp

put up the scliool building. The school has secured government

recognition. This recognition may not be an unmi.xed blessing, but it

74 IllS'l'nm' dl' llli; --iillll (IIIV\ MI><InN, SWN'IdW

dots t;iri\ wiili it :i ccit.iiii st.iii'lini^ anioii^f the Chinese, and a boy

who "(.ts his (liiihinia I'min such a .school can collect from tlie ancestral

HiKiilty ;iiiil stuikiil^, chaovaiig.

•funds <if the Clan tlic amount of the cost of his education. One man

said to Dr. (Troesl)eck, "Ilnw we diil hate \"on missionaries, but since

ni\ boy went to \onr scliool we lo\c you. It I !;,!.; known \ou could

n\ake such men of ni\' sons, ilie nlder ones wouui ha\ e j^one to \our

school, too.

Not onlv in Ch.ii>\auo. but .ill o\ci tlie laid the spirit of tlie

]ieople secuis chau!:;(.d. The ehuiches ,ue doin^.; better woik, .md are

taking mi to theuistUrs nion' ol tlu u spousibilitics of cliurcli life.

Swatow

.\ few woids should be .idded .iboul the new devcloiMiients at

.Swatow sMu-e Mi. Speiehei e.inic back from Canton, and took over the

woik .It Sw.itow city, to-ethei with a number of the stations that are

THE OFBNING 01' INI^AND REStnENCU STATION 75

indre easily accessible from Swatow. A large institutional clmrch

building of reinforced concrete is in process of erection, on the old

chapel site. The plan includes school-rooms for both bovs and girls,

with other insti-

tutional features,

as well as the

audience hall for

evangelistic and

general meetings.

Dav schools, and

kindergarten, a

night school and

boy scout work

are all bein<>- vie-

orously carried on, and one of our young men Mr. Huang, who has

spent eight years in America, and just recently returned to China, is

one of Air. Speicher's staff of helpers. Another, a ^Nlr. Tai who is a

The SwaL^w cliapel after the fire. Febniarv, I'li'i.

'Die niiii,^ were not a part uf the cliurcli.

Swatow Kindergarten, Mrs. .Speiclier and Sai Sieh. tlie Kindergarten teachi

graduate of Shanghai Baptist College and has been teaching in our

Academy the past year joins the staff during the present summer.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE HAKKA WORK1832

'TÎil'', wi^rk fdi tile ILikka jicrijilc bc;,'an. when a few, who lived

-*- iieav the Iiiii'lei, lunl >]inke b'jth ilialects, heafl and believed and

were baitised. .Mi. ,iiid .Mis. .AIcKibbeii and .Mi>.s Thomp.-ôn were the

fust missionaries set .ijiart I'm llie Hakka work. I-'ailing toget a foothold

in aii\ of the larger and mere inijiortant cities anioii;,^ the Hakk is nn

the Han ii\er north of Chadclmw In, !\[r. McKibbeii settled in the .sin. ill

\illa;.;e "f Muii;.;-]ên-] iaii- near the border line be\'Oiid Kit\ant;, the

Imnie of the few Chii'-tians ineiUio-ed abose. Here he built a suki]!

dwellin;^ and reiiio\eil llieie witli his f.iinily and Miss Tiioinpson. He

went luiiiie on fniloii^li in ]8.'-'4, and in the _\ear foUowin'-i- iliss

TliianpsMn left for home.

Opening of K.rying, JS°0

It was in tS< > ijiat K.;\iii<^ was opened a.s the nia n station for

the ll.ikka work. Mi, C.iinplell had been on the held three >ears, and

had tra\(.lli.(i far and rear, L;oii!i; o\ i. r all ll'.c H.ikk.n field that would

n.uiirallv be workeil in

connection with the

.ônth China Mission.

.\t l.ist he settled on

K.iNinv^ as beiiii: the

best jilaee for the

eeiitr.il station. Wdiile

not a large city, it is

th- l".lilual an.l l.leiaiv eenlel of tills ,vnt ,.f the llakka reoion.

7"

thf: hakka work 71

After no end of trouble and disappointments, he succeeded in renting

a shop, and took his family there to live for part of the year. The

shop was cold in winter and hot in summer, so the family came

down to Kakchieh for the hot weather, often occupying the Wingate

house on the bund.

jMiss Campbell joined her brother, and later Mr. and Mrs,

Whitman and Aliss Ostrom came. History repeats itself, and a number

-of the recruits have come to the Hakka work only to turn around and

return to the homeland.

]Mr. Bradt lies buried in

the cemetery here at

Kakchieh. The Roll Call

will give the names and

time of service of each one.

It was a great disappoint-

ment that Dr. Bailey and

^r-^ r^ I 1 One uf the mission residence at KayinE^Dr. Grant remained so

short a time. i\[edical work might have helped much in breaking

down the prejudice of the people.

The Kaying people are much like our Cliaochowfu people, self-

satisfied, contented with what they have

and hostile to innovation. So for many

\ears little could be done to win

tliem to the gospel. It has been a

long, hard and tedioiis siege, but there

was a break when Mr. Campbell suc-

ceeded in getting land for dwelling houses

some distance from the city. Here they

First Girls- School, Kaying built two dwelHug houscsaiid some years

78 iiisTuin- di' 'I in: hnl Tir (IIIN\ M(.-->lii\, SWATnW

IiiUm- ,1 limine l'.>i thr -iiN'.ni'l \vf.iiiair> school work. The girls'

Mho.,1 woilc 1. iiuw 111 ( li,ir-c of .Miss Louise Caiiiiibell who came to

iln- jioiiie of ]i(.r chiUIhood, and

.sitli licr ar.ut, Mrs. Whitman,

is carr\in<,' on ihe work Ijegun

l/\' her motlier man\ \ears ago.

Another Missionar\ 's daugliter,

Mi-s .\nna Ftster, lia.> completed

her language study and is just

reaii\- lo lake lier siiare in the

w < 1 V. .

Vv ^ © 5 i>? '«

.^,.

U P^lh.cl i ,1 ,, |.,.,i iul;

In Hi 4 Mr. and Mi>. Giff.u

ioir.ed tl'.e mission ar.d went to

K.i\i!;j. Mr. GitT.n lias de\-eloped

'J'e sclU'O. WL'-. k until r.uw they

ha\e an aca(iein\- with i(>0 pupils.

Mrs. (iiffin has helped in looking after the he.r.th of tlie scholars,

<.;i\inL; to tliiin, and others who came to her, tiie simple remedies

which would prevent serious chioir.c e\ e troubles, and giving quinine

and such other remedies as e\ei \ iiU'tlKrmust learn to ;^i\e, when a

doctor is not ri,;ht at hand.

I'lans ari-' now m hand toi Inning l.iiul .ii .i j^Lice ahont h.dfwav

lulwei-ii the ]iu-.int compound .uu; the ci;\ , as .i >ac forthel)o\s'

si'liool ;_Monp, iiuludui'; nece.-~-ai\ lesidienccs; those in charge iliav

111' n li\f uea! the sili,,,.!-. .\ IiegiuuMig lia^ .ihcadiv been made in the

ni.il Ici 1 1| l.ind pill cli.ise.

niiiiii;; Ihe l.isi few \(Mis the woik lia^ been prosperous and a

I'ou.sidel.ible unudui li.ue iieen bapli.'.ed.

THr; HAKKA WORK 79-'-

The Opening: of Hopo, J907

When in 1906 Mr. and Airs. Adams came to the mission, they

lived at first at Kayiny^. In 1907 the mission transferred the residence

station of the

lower part of

the Hakka field

from Mnng-keu-

liang to Hopo

which was a far

better center for

worlc, and well

w i t h i n the

territory of the

Hakka people.

Mr. and Airs. Adams were permanently located here. The people have

been mncli more ready to receive the gospel than in the older parts of

the field. A remarkable experience, qnite new in onr mission, is the

offer, from the Chinese, of pledges to the amonnt of $4,000 Mexican,,

for bnilding a hospital, provided we will only send a doctor. This oft'er

Five christians who began altendnij^ Cliapel 40 years ago al

^Iiiiig-keii-liaiig. .Aggregating 200 years.

Building the Fanny Duane L»irls' School at Hopo.

8o 1IIM(||<^ III' 'llli: SOI'III 1 IIINA MISSKi.V, SWATdW

luishfcii (j|n-ii a luiinhcr of Nc.irs, Imt until now we liave not been able to

fiirnisli tlic <l(ic((ir. Tliis cuniin^ jntnnm liij\\f;\er iJr. Newman, upon

liis rctnrn to Chin.i, will go to Hope,

an'l open ine'lical work there, and build

tile jiospital. Tliey will then liave

a fine eijuipineiit lor tlleir W(jrk. With

a new v^iil'i' >ciiool, just [jiit up,

eontainin;,' rooms for Mi.ss Seiin (tlie

Ameiican educated Chinese young

lady who lias cliar^^e of tiie school),

a recentl\- built bo>-s" scliool, tiie church

sci,o,iK'i.i-iu,iiu,KiKci,,..,u cNiKn.e. chajiel, .Ml. Adam,-" hou.-e, aud another

house yet to be Imilt for the plixsician, tlie\ \\ill be able to point with

])ride to the jilaiit foi whieh lhe\- ha\e waited so long.

Mis. Ad.iins has worked under threat discourageuicuts, with

no juojicr |ilaee for girls' and woiikth's work, but she has kept

right on, without the straw, ami made some prett\' >'ood bricks

in s]iite c.f the limit, itioiis.

S.lM 1. I1,,;k,.

THE IIAKKA WORK 8l

Changning, i9i2

Tliis station was opened in a city where previously we had had

'Jio work. It was at a time when the Koard could not maintain its old

stations, to the point of efficiency, in either men or equipment, and had

declined to open any new work. The offer of the Hopo people to build

a hospital, provided the Society would send a ph)sician had been laid

.on the table, because of the inability of the Board to meet its part of

the responsibility of such a development at Hopo.

Mr. and Mrs. Bousfield had both seen service in the East China

]\lission. When they returned to China in 1910, they were sent to the

.South China field.

A house was needed for the Bousfields. It would cost no more

to rent or build at Changning than at any other place; so, with the

understanding that it was to be a self-supporting station, tl;e conference

voted to grant Mr. Bousfield's earnest request to go there to live.

In April Mr. Bousfield went to Changning, and rented and put

in order, a large Chinese house, and the family moved there the first of

May, 191 2.

From the 191 5 Report we quote the following: "The movement

promises to be distinctly Chinese, and to develop very largely without

financial help from the mission. Thirteen educated men, some of them

holding degrees, are planning to fit themselves for Christian service,

. either as preachers or physicians. No foreign money is asked for church

or school t)uildings, or for the maintenance of Chinese workers, A

Committee of the South China Reference Committee recommend the

development of this movement, and the appointment of a second mis-

sionary to have general charge of educational work."

From the Report for 1914 we quote: "They have received ten

^z more, who were not only ot the ruling and leading families of

g, iiisrriKv HI- rtn; sm ni riiiNA ,\nssto\, svvatow

Cliai.onino, l>ui arc lliu.iSL-Kc. leaders. These people are not wealthy,

nor are they poor, aiul thev have a Ion- honorable family history, of

which they have a ri-hl to be in^n.!. The boy. of the family go to the

capital of the province, and to Japan, U> stn<l>. The) know all that is-

going- on in the conntr), and read nmcli of modern literatnre. '

Of the medical work which Mr. lionsfield was able to do, he

reports: "Onr medical work has grown and been wonderfully blessed

of God. Most of our people have been reached through it. It is

wholly self-supporting, and is carried on at no cost to the mission. We

calculate to charge each one what the medicine actually costs. In a

few cases the patients are too poor to pay, but very few, and these are

more than made up for by those who insist on paying more than is

asked."

Here was an op])ortunit>- to tr\ out the cpiestion of self-support,

with intelligent leaders right at hand, and enui.gh wealth to make the

whole elTort there a success. Distant from Kaying four days journey

b)' chair, and isolated from older stations where dc\'elopmcnt had been

carried out on other lines, it was an ideal place to start in on new lines-

of polic\-. It seems to some of ns. at least, that ihe station should be

allowed to (le\-eloi> along the lines upon wlucn ihe mission consented

to open it. What a proud d.i\ it would be if we could >a\' to other

bands of Christi. Ill (,'hinoc when pres.iiig iliem loi .-elf-snp[)ort, 'Chaug-

niin; did it. and \ on cm, loo, il \ on trs li.nd eiunigh."

When .\li. ami .Mi^. lionslicld went li une .1 few \ cats ago, he

entered the Medic. il .School ,it ll.ii\.iid .iiul i.-' .--tud\ ing for his M. I).

degiic. 1 Ic c\pccls to u tun; .11 the end of loJ.'. In the me.intiiue

his nudicil woiL is I, II I led oil b\ Miss Witlici.s, while the general

woik IS iiiidei Ml. Huika. It wil! be o\ iiiteresi touKiiu to know that

Mis r.uikel Is .iiioihii d.iu-titci I'f .Ml. C,iiii[ibcll, who h.is come b.ick

to till- kind ol lici chiMlioiid.

CHAPTER IX.

EVANGELISTIC WORKly /FISSION work takes different forms, and is frequently classed as

-^^-*- evangelistic, educational and medical. For convenience sake we

shall follow this classification, arid devote some of the following pages to

each of these three forms. In different missions, and in the same mission,,

at different times, there often is a variation in tb.e emphasis laid on one

form or another. F'or example, in the early years of the South China

Mission, no medical work at all was done, and the educational work,

largely by the force of circumstances, but partly also from the policy

of the Board and the convictions of the missionaries, was restricted in

its character and scope.

The mission has always stood strongly for the direct work of

evangelization, for the proclaiming to the people of the way of salvation

through Christ. The quotation, in an earlier chapter, from the instruc-

tions, of the Secretary, shows unmistakably the attitude of the Board at

that time, and the brief narrative of the foregoing pages makes it plain

that the work of the mission was carried on along that line. The

leading of individuals to a personal acceptance of Jesus Christ, as

Saviour and L,ord, is recognized as fundamental, the work of supreme

importance. In a very real sense, the ultimate aim of all our work,

whatever outward form it may take, has always been and still is

evangelistic.

We have already seen that in the early days, preaching in

Swatow and in the villages, formed a large part of the work of the

missionary. As churches multiplied, the visits of the missionary to

these churches would largely be of the nature of evangelizing touis.

83

84 IIISTOKV or Tin: Mil Til MIINA MlSSInX, SWATnW

TIk' iiHiiil.crshi|. ..f nt-ailv evciv one of our chuiclies, in the early

.l.iv.s, .IS slill .11 the i.ie.eiil tunc, would iiic.ude periple from a number

of (lilTereut villa-cs, ofun lialf a tlo/.eii oi more. 'I'lie visit of the

missionary, man or wuin.in, to the ImiiKs of these cliiirch members, gave

great opportunities for sowing the -ospel seed in niany different places.

The Tie-chill field is favored in the fact that its numerous

waterways make coininiiiiic.iti'-n by water an easy matter. (Juite

carlv in the liistorv of the nii'-sioii, houseboats were built, with which

the missionaries could le.ich hundreds of towns and vill.iges, and the

earliest stations were natiiially .dcnig the lines of tliese waterways, and

usnalU- not far frcnii a iiavigalile stream, 'i'lie houseboat proved a

splendid adjunct to evangelizing w.nk, in the d.iys when, as yet, there

were ni i steam l.iiiiu'hes to Like one r.i])idl\- back and forth. While at

tunes slow, especialK' when wind and tid.e were adverse, the houseboat

had the gieat adv.iiitage of prv)\iding the missionary a moveable place

til li\e in, cle.in and (piiet and ci 'infortable, where lie could have a

sjood rest after a strenuous tl i\ out .iukiul: the \iliat;es.

.\t one time the mis .ion liad. in ad.dition to the houseboats for

the missionaries, two other boats <<\\ .1 Ciiinoe p.Uteru, for the

jireachers, and these boats nstd to go mit in p.iiis, .1 houseboat with a

liVANGI'Xl=TIC WORK 85

missionary, and one of tlie otlier boats with half a dozen preachers, who

with the help of one regular boatman employed to go with them, would

navigate their own craft. This party would take a section of country,

and visit and preach in every town and village large or small. Thecoming to a village of half a dozen strangers, in the dress of teachers,

and accompanied by a foreigner, was something quite new in their

experience, and was of itself quite enough to attract attention. Many

of the villages visited had never seen a foreigner in their streets before.

The cabin in the houseboat, where Mr. .'\5ihm0re Jr, spent five months one year. It is about

12 feet long by S feet wide, and has a tiny toilet room on one side the passage where one

enters and a little pantry on the other.

The visitors were sure of an audience, sometimes small, but often run-

ning up to a hundred or more. They were attracted by curiosity, to be

sure, but it gave an opportunity for speaking the gospel message, and

it served as an advertisement of the fact that Christianity had come to

China. Weeks and montlis in a }-ear were spent in this way. One

86 IIISTiiin' i)|' Tin; ^m TM ( IIIXS MISSU)N', SWATOW

missionary s])(.iit li\L- iiiontlis in a siii^'le \ear out among the villages

in this kind of work, ami in the course of a number of years had visited

well on t(j a thousand villages.

In recent >ears, witli the growth of the work, and tiie demand

for trained men for \arious forms of service, a larger emphasis has been

laid on education, as the means for obtaining the trained workers, but

it is still felt that the evangelistic work must be kept well to the front,

and the mission plans to have some mt)i whose main work sliall be to

train, direct and lead in the ewingelistic work of tht churches.

Mr. Lewis did admirable work in holding special meetings with

the churches, iu titlier fields liesides his f)\\u, and he h id been marked

for this ser\icc ; also Mr. Mc(Tlashan, who for a l.irief time had done

some \'ery s\icccssful work. It has been a great disappointment that,

on account of health conditions in their families, both of these men,

hrst Mr. MclUashau and then ^Ir. Liwis were compelled to leave tlie

held. P>ut the ideal is with the mission, and will not be lost sin-ht of.

We hope before long to see it realizeil.

CHAPTER X.

EDUCATIONAL WORKSection I.

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

THE deep tap root of our Theological Seminary goes down to the

beginnings of our work here, and even to the time before the

move to Swatow. While the mission was still in Hongkong a class

was started to train men in the Tie chin department of the work

there. While reports give the fact that such a class was begun,

nothing is said as to how long it was kept up.

After the move to Swatow and after a few believers had come

into the church these believers were trained in Christian doctrine.

They were all the material the missionaries had to work with. When

a man could for a time lay aside his own occupation, he would be sent

out to tell to others what the missionaries had taught him. In 1867,

from amouo- these men a few were selected and formed what we mieht

perhaps regard as the first real class for Eible stud}-. They were for-

tunate in having the Bible to study, although it was only in the

classical style. When they went out to the heathen, the message they

had was what God in his sacred book says, what God wants men to do,

and what God wants them not to do. It was a positive direct teaching

from God to the heathen. There was no trouble about trying

to harmonize this teacher's theories about the Bible with the Bible

itself, or that man's teaching about the atonement. They were rooted

and grounded in the teaching of the Pentateuch and knew about the

atonement, and how the types and shadows of that teaching were

87

^^

^ itmm

BDUCATrONAT, WdRK 89'

fulfilled in the New Testament. They could give the substance of the

different chapters of the books of the Pentateucli, and understood from

Leviticus the teaching in Hebrews. The trained memories of some of

them were put to good use in memorizing entire epistles of the New

Testament. A man who, for example, had the epistle to the Romans

on his tongue's end had no small start in a preparation for proclaiming

the gospel message. •

Is it an}' wonder that people heard and believed and came into

the church in such numbers that it was ever a race between the needs

of our little bands of believers and the supply of men to slieplierd

them

!

The class did not at first meet continuousl)', but onl)- bimonthly,,

for a week of teaching and examination on work that had been assigned

them for study during the two months when the)- were to be out on the

field. There were many who caure in to this class with no expectation

of becoming paid preachers in mission employ. It was one way to give

to the laymen of the church a better knowledge of what Christianity

really is and what it means in the everyday life of the church.

member.

This class was kept up during all the early years, the one, or at

most, two missionaries at the station giving as much time to it as

could be spared from the other work. As suitable books were

published in. Chinese they were introduced into the curriculum. But

the main textbook was the Bible, and our early preachers who had its

teachino-s at their tongue's end were always ready with a quotation to

prove their point. These men were trained to meet the heathen and

their objections, and there was no hesitation about their statements..

They were rooted and grounded in the types and shadows of the Law,

and they believed without question in the fulfillment of those types in

the New Testament.

Qo Mis'liiin- 111' nii; ^miii (iii\\ missihn', swatow

In the c.iil\' cl;i\s llir , iiipliaMs was Iiiid, and naturally so, on the

traininj4 (iT (.-vaii^L-list'-, nun fiii nisliL-d with a message to the heathen.

A few innilanicntal lintlis, I'kaily apjirelienrled and firmly held consti-

tntt-d the (.-sseiitial imp. nation for woikeis of this kind. But as converts

have ninUiplied and the nnniljti "i i Inirrlies has increased, the r.eed of

pastoral oversight, the training of li(.lic\xrs. has become more insistent,

and n longer and fidltr course of theological training has become

necessar\-. W'e have in this respect had the same exj^rieuce as other

missions in China.

Another imiiortant factor has been the very great change that

m recent \c.irs has t,d-;cn ]>lacc in the Chinese people at large, the

more rcCtptiNt,- attitudf of their minds, the widening of their outlook

with leferenee tn all tliiii>;s western, the acknowledgment, tacit if not

openK a\owe(l, that L'liina niiL;ht profit from her contact with the

\\\>t, .111(1 that not oiiU in ni.itteis of tr.ide but also in the realm of

ide.is. 'llii- tl;ain:,e has been \er\- largeK' the result of the mission

woik dniie b\ (lur.êlxes ,md (itlieis throiiLjhout the \ears. W'e are now

,il)le t<i reaeli cI.i^^l-^ in the ci iinuiiiiiit\- who were neit accessible a

dozen years aL;o, luit to work <. ft\cti\i. i\ .iming tiiem there is a call for

a higher grade of piepr.r.ition f.^r mission workers.

In the past cm '-Indents h.i\e in huge p.irt come from the field

ami the work >]\'>]\ in ni.iiu e.ises eon\eitt.d .ii'tei le.idling maturity

and with but little edue.ition lovt.nt with, \\"h,it lhe\ ôt had to be

wh.it wi.' eciild 'î\e llieiu .iftei the\ iMiiie to us 'rhc course of Study

h,id to b( .id.ipted .llld its i.iii'ê w.ls in ei s.-.u iK limited to ,i few fnilda-

nieiil.d 1 1 iilhs,

W iih llie .iiK.nieing deiii.iiul ,nul with bi itei in.iteiial .uailable

both 111 the in.ittti ol students .indi't textbooks, tile >_;i.ide has been

i,iis(.d and (he time c I the eoui--e kiigtlR lied to co\'er foin \ears \\'e

I'DLiCATlONAL WOkK 9I

hope for and anticipate furtlier advancing of the grade in years to come.

At the present we can not attempt, with a faculty of only foiir men, to

do as advanced work as is done in schools with a much larger teaching

staff. For this more advanced work we are sending some of our more

promising men to the larger schools.

Dr. Ashmore, Sr. was, during all his missionary career, engaged

in the work of training men for the Christian ministry. To his deep

insight into Bible truth our early preachers owed their thorough

grounding in Bible teaching. Other missionaries associated with him,

some of wdiom are still carrying on the work have been Dr. Partridge,

Mr. McKibben, Wm. Ashmore, Jr., Dr. Foster and Mr. Waters.

At first all the instruction was given by the missionaries though

a certain amount of coaching, all the more needed because of the

inherent difficulties of the written language with its complicated

symbols, was given by a Chinese teacher. In the later years Chinese

teachers have been associated with the missionaries as regular members

of the faculty and have shown themselves capable of doing excellent

work. One of our present staff took a course at the Nanking School

of Theolosv.^&^

Originally the School was housed in the heart of the compound at

Kakchieh, but the accommodations were inadequate to meet our grow-

ing needs. Some sixteen years ago, the Ashmores after long effort,

finally succeeded in purchasing a large tract of hillside on the south

side of the old compound, and immediately adjoining it, and there

erected the large three-story building which serves as both Administra-

tion building and dormitory. High, airy, commodious, commanding a

magnificent view of the harbor and city of Swatow and of the plains

and the mountains thirty miles beyond, it enjo5S a location that few

schools in China or elsewhere can boast. The building has come to be

9^ IllS'l'iiin' 111' |lli: MilTM CIIIN\ MI^Î<lN, sWATiiW

a l;i\uiit(,' pl.icc foi iIk- lioliliii- (4 siiiiiincr iii>litutfS f<T prencliers and

UarlnTx Tliu iMiildin- was l)c-nn while- Dr. A>lnnurf, to wIkjih t lie

iiiissinii (iwi-s it, was still on tlu- laM, hiil was coiii]ilL-tcd aiul dedicated

rlu' Thcoli gicr.l SeiniiKH > I'.i. ully .iinl 5lu.li-m- Tlu sr.nill.tl'.!".

Cla^s ul" Siv atr -.[.nnlinu; jn--t 1h hin.l 1 tu l";ic»lll\-

111 1907 aflpr lie had letiirned t'"i the last tiiiu t>' tlie L'liited States.

The Board, approin iateh iiaiiud the school alter one who thior.sih all

the \eavs had dune so much and had ;î\(.n so >;eiieieius!\ lo make it

what it is - 'idle Ashnioic 'Theolo'^îcal Stiuui.nv.

It is woitln of iiieiitioii that iM.e ui the Chiiu>se nieiiiliers of

iIh- SeininaiN l''ariilt\, Mi. Chen I'li-iieii;.;. li.is t.ikeii a deep i iitercst

in I he lu w sNslein of ]>luMieiie wutin.^ k4 the Chinese l,iiii>n.i''e,

:ilie.id\- wmhcd ciiit loi the M.ind.iim di.dec!, ,nid lui'^ .id.ipted it to the

Sw.ilow dial. .1, iisiii.^ the s.nne svnii>o!s a-, the M.ind.inii, where the

sounds in llic Iw.i ilialefl-. .lie the s.iiue, .nul I'mdiii,; other suitable

EDUCATIONAL WORK 93

symbols wliere the s u'.uls differ. The IMandariu is written with the

use of 39 s\inl)ols of wlr'ch 29 are avaihible for the Swatow dialect.

The total r.ninber required for the Swatow is 44. Mr. Chen has a primer

or first lessons ready for the printer, and had in mind the preparation of

other books in this new era alphabet. His work will make it possible

for our people to get into line with the strong effort now making, in the

Cliina for Christ JMovemcnt, to have all Christians able to read by the

end of the year 192 1. :

Section II

WOMAN'S BIBLE TRAINING SCHOOL

This school was opened in 1873 ^Y '^^'ss A. M. Fielde. It was

the first school of its kind in all

China, if not in the world. The

Baptist Training School of Chicago,

organized under the Woman's Baptist

Home Mission Society in 1881, claims

10 be the first school ever organized

to train women for Christian work,

Init the school here antedates that by

eight \ ears,

Woman's Bible Traininji School.

Ill ils earlv history it did not continue in session, as now, for

nine months of the \ear. 'I'he women came in to school for two or

four months at a time and were then sent out to practice what they

had learned. As there .was only one foieigner to do the teaching,

when she took the women into the coiintr\-, the school had a vacation

for the time being, or rather, it had field practice instead of classroom

work. Dr. Ashmore ;ja\e very substantial aid in the teaching, and

94 iiisTiiin- (ii- rill'. Mil Tii ciir.N'A Mi>s((i.N, swAKnv

SDUH-linus tlK- woiiR-ii woiili L-.ine into iii> theolo-ical class and learn

what tlu\ (oulil ill lliat wa\'.

Aft(. 1 llic |)innc-(i work-

ers hail ;-;i'iii.-, INIrs. iMistir I'M

a time liail cliar^u of the wn-

luaii's work and the Wonian'N

School. She was Ijarred from

(Ining nuich conntrv work 1)\

her home cares, Imt when it

was jHisbilile tlie school was

kept going a \)M\. of the year.

EnUCATIONAU WORK 95

It had to be closed a part of the year to give the workers opportunity

to do tlie country work. Miss Scott had spent 103 days with tlie

Bible-women visiting with them in 129 villages. These statistics do

not mean very mnch to one who is skimming through this book, do

they? J\ist stop a moment, you who are reading, and think what this

means. Remember that we live south of the Tropic of Cancer in the

torrid zone. These statistics could be put down with almost anjbody's

name who is doing that kind of work, going back to the opening of

the mission and coming down to the present time.

When we look over this great field with hundreds of women

church members and then realize that the recent going on furlough of

Miss Traver leaves but a single worker to carry the burden of scliool

and country work, we may be tempted to question whether we have

had a fair deal from the Board. If we feel that way, it will do us good

to read over the list of names in the Roll Call, and we shall feel more

kindly about the Board.

To some of us who have stressed the storms and heat of more

than forty years^ and have witnessed the succession of new comers as

they arrived fresh from home, and then watciied them go down the hill

with the Chinese lined up on the pier to see them embark for home,

—

shall I say it?—it sometimes seems as if our hearts iiad become callous-

ed by tlie constant experience, and that wlietlier anyone came or did

not come, the outcome of the struggle would be about the same in the

end. But—never say die; and we are very much alive yet.

The Woman's School has now a four-^-ear course. The Bible is

the center around which all the teaching circles. For graduates of

this or other graujmar grade scliools an extra )ear of special Bible study

and a three-year kindergarten course are provided. Packed into these

years we find much of practical every day use to the home mothers of

China. Some of the courses offered are: Daughters in the Home;.

.y, IIISTl)l;^ III' Till' 'III 'III I lll\ \ .\IIS>lnN, SVVATDW

'r!:c Mdllici ill Ihr IlmiK ; II\jîcnc; I-ir,sl Aid ; Sunday School Normal

Work; l'r;iclicc 'i'tMrlmiL;; Slndics in ^c•rô•.lal Work; Practical Work;

Nntuic Slnih' ; St<ii\ 'JVllin;^ ; C;)re and I'ceding of Children; Cliild

Study; Sooiaj SLi\icc; So-i(-ilu-\ ;nonie>tic Science; Instaimental and

\'<ical Music.

'i'licre are fi\e teachers

uhu L'i\e full lime and three

'A hu i,'i\e part time to this work.

l-'rnm tile l<jur-year course

there ha\e been lort_\ -seven

graduates. Some of these are

I'lible-wxinien ; otiiers aie day

-cliodl teachers. ' Mie was sent

lint wilb fear and tienililinij on

hei ]art, to teach station

c' asses and slie has succeeded

in ilnini^ it well.

M.i-^ Sollinrin wll'i voiii.' ..I III. yii l~ wlm li;i\

ticeii .nw.iy to Scliunl. Xwit nl the left lirtvt-

bfcii In Caiitoii to t.Tki work in the .Tit

of tc.ichiti^. tin- olluT three nrcl-omliow ^'nuliiales. T)k-

liill OIK hopes lo Inkc;i colUgL eoiii se

1-Kim '"^rj' wl:en the

scl'.ool was first ojened. to iÔ^,

a ]>i,ii<d I'f thiri\-one \ears,

tlierc ha\-o been 3-^5 ]hi]m1s with ,1:1 ,i\eia;ê a^ê if 40 \ ears.

'i'hey were all Chrisli.ins wlicn I iken iiiL' i''<- - "' -' -•' '• 'Av ill

wi-re bound fooled. Tluir tnilinn .iiid

I lie were fill nishi d liee.

I'l iiin 11 n I

I

III 1 1 iJii, .1 |ii I ii li

III sixUiii Ne.iis, iheie li,i\i' been s;i

|ill|i|ls .l\ll.lL;iilL; -Oi, \l.MIS (if ,|._;e

.'Ml h.ue li.mii.il feel nn.llil .mil' -^ ' 01 1 I I u 11 K .1 k. IIU 1

luili'iii .lie <|ii .1 ve.ii |..i ilu.se who e.iii .ilioid il; t,, those who can

ml |i.i\' Ml niiieli, $_v 1 .i \ e.ii.

Educational work 97

A niotlier may bring one child fonr years old or over. A day

nursery is provided for tlie small children, while the older ones may go

to tlie kindergarten. Each ^•ear there are some non-Christians who

come to the school.

The new three-stor}- Woman's School building stands in the

center of our old compound. It is light, airy and very well arranged

for the work. On

account of the hills and

trees and bamboos, it is

difficult to get a view of

it that will give one ?n

idea of the quiet dignity

of the building.

IBB. . Women at play getting their exercise

E

08 III^Tiiin Ml' I m: Mil Til CHINA .MI^ÎO\, SWATnW

oiiK- one, for, when one went Iioiiu-, llic otlier w.is left alone. In tlie

early years there w a-, no station wliere schools conl 1 he opened. At all

the stations the \eiy few helieveis were -ciLiered in almost as many

villai.,a-s as there were nieinbers. 'I'hcre was nothin_' to make a school

out of, unless heathen hoys were ^'alhercl in. a;i<l i heathen teacher

was eiiiâ^'-ed to teach them and the miss;onar\ jjiid all the expenses, as

the Hoard did not open and pay tor this kind of scIkjoIs. There were

in these earl\ da\s no textbooks except the Chi:;e.-e Classics and the

classical translation of parts (i the Pîblc. It niav he easy to wonder

whv thiui^s were not lione differenth'. Hut without tiie care of schools

the labors of the pioneers who laid the foundations of our mission were

strenuon> and ne\ er-eiidin;^. As one reads the reports aral realizes

how main da\s the\ spent in the couiit:> . the number (.f villa.iês

they visited, and how much time was taken to train the church members

themselves in liible truths, one is amazed that any one could live

throu<;h so much, and this, too, \-ear in and year cat, with no v.ications.

until < )Id l'"alher Time had ticked off ten and twelve years of such

continuous work.

.\t a liu>iiiess nieetin- com'iLCted with the communion week of

NoN'embei, 1^74, one of the n.ui\e pie.icV.i. is, IIu sir.-se, \v,is modciator

and took up the matter of schools io\ the chiidien, both Ihi\ s and girls,

of the native cliiiuh niembois. lie up.;ed ulôn the chnich members

their own responsibilil\ foi tcK hiiii; then children. Hi. .\,--hmore and

Mr. r.iilrid;;e, ,is well .is Mis. l'.iUiuiL;e .ral Miss Kielde, weie there,

•md il miisl ha\i,- bicn ,i s.uiice of iîe.it jo\ to sii .iside ,ind let a native

pu.uhei t.iko lIu- \v,ii^ 111 this.

Mis. j.ihiison hid Ufl the uiissi,iu .md Mis j'.uliidge had .n-ain

opened Ihr sch.Mi! fcii îils, but llu sm-sc w.iiited the church to take a

h.ind III sihdul \\,Mk ,iiid .issiiuK- ,ii Ic.isi ,1 pill nf the lespousibilits of

eiii\iii- it nil, ,iiid he w.iuled not onlv a ;îils' school but ,i bo\s' school-

Educationai, work 99,

as well. This movement from the church itself was the hopeful sign

iu this. There were sixty-four dollars available in the treasury of the

church and this was divided equally for the salaries of the teachers for

the new boys' school and the girls' school. Tan Hong Ngian, one of

our Christians and a teacher b)' profession, was [chosen and the boys'

school was to be opened as soon as possible under the general care of

Miss Fielde. The first student to enter was Chien sui, the son of the

teacher. In February 1S76, there were fourteen boys in the school.

Public examinations were held every two months conducted by three of

-the native preachers.

During the year 1S76, Mr. Partridge put up a building for the

boys' school, 91 feet long by 28 feet wide and one story high, having

accommodations for twenty ptrpils, at a cost of $600 Mcx. A second

story was put on this building in 1887 at a cost of $592.29.

At the October 1880 communion. Miss Fielde gave over the care

of the school to Mr. Will Ashmore who had been here only about eight

months. In the general directions to the pupils, they were told that if

at any time thej' wanted to see Air. Ashmore they could take the path

leading up the hill from their building, and that by going on the path

behind Dr. Ashmore's house, they could reach the house where Mr.

Ashmore lived. Mrs. Ashmore was there to see her husband receive

his first investiture of mission work and the scene is still a vivid one

in her memory.

They soon began the study of geography, at first using outline

maps of the countries. As there was no book on physiology available,

Mr. Ashmore prepared a series of lessons in this subject, and each boy

had to make his own copy.

For the year 1885 Mr. Ashmore reports; "A competent and

faithful teacher in charge makes my own oversight of the school a

uio insTdUv 111' Tin: ^m rir china missihn, svvatoW

liliMS.-iiit .nul c-;isy t.i>k. \\;irl\' nil tlic teaching; has been done by this

tcului ,111(1 ;iii assi,^t.l^t, iiu part hc-iii- cunfiiicd to the preparation of a

few ileniciila:\ k-ssoiis in clieinisti v, with the necessary experiments,

anil to the <,'eiieral nvei^i-lil. With the new year, i)npi]s are to pay a

senii-annnal fee, which i^ adjiisted accorflin;^ to their means. This will

increase our re-omees, aii'l is, at the s line time, a step towards putting

the burden of sup[.iortin;.,' tlie school on the shoulders of the parents.

These fees have rani;e<l from two to four dollars, and aggregate ?32. In

1SS7 the fees were raised from two to ei<;ht dollars and amounted to S65.

Diuino- the last (piarterl\- nieeliiiL; of 1SS5 the preachers and teachers

i;a\e much time to consideriiiL; plans lor e>tablishin;::^ couiurv scliools,

and makiiiL; couises of stud\ which would cover at least se\en \ears."

As the church i;vew in inembershi]i and the chapels liad drawn

aiouiid them a larger number of believers near at hand, it was possible

to o[)en more countr\' schools. The boarding school in t''.e C"mponnd

l.nncK furnished the suppK' of teachers, and it was difficult in those

earh' da\'s to keep the boys in school lon>^ enough to take the seven-

)ear course of stud\-, because of the pressuie brought to bear upon

them from the iidand congregaticns which wanted teachers for

their schools. The growth of the church h.is been so fast that it

has alwaxs been a difficult juoblem to get the in.iss of cou\erts tiaiued,

and enougli men who could keep up the .^und.iv services at all

the stations, so these >"ouug te.icheis wctc often used as Sundav

])re,achers, as well as d,u school tc,ichci>— not ,111 ikle.il arrangement,

but the best the church nuinlHi.s .md the mission, ir\' could do.

.\s time ii.isM',] nioic books wcic tiaiisLited b\- the different

missioii.iiies ,ill o\ei (."hiiia, who wnc coiifiontid b\- the same problems

.as oursel\es, 'I'hosc put into Wcndi w'ere avail.ible for use here,

,and weic ,idded lo om couisc of stiuU as they came out, and so

till- conise w.is ixteuded.

Edl'Cational work lOl

Mr. Capen came out to the mission in the fall of [904.

He came as a general missionary, but after seeino; the need of

more trained men he was willin^j, when the mission asked him

to do so, to take charge of the school work and give his time

r.nd thought to developing it into a real academy, where students

could be prepared for college. We had the large church uiembership

and a promiscuous lot of \-oung men who had taken all they could get

here, and had been out teaching or preaching, and who were longing

for a better training. The school had been under the financial

care of the Woman's Society of the East, but not long after Mr.

Capen took charge it was transferred to the Missionary Union. The

old school building costing, with the added story, about $1,200 was

quite inadequate for the work. But as a mission we have always

done the work whether we had the "facilities for doing it" or not. Weo-et there somehow. When tlie Theological Class went over to their

new building on their own grounds, the vacated building was used for

the boys' school. The primar)- and grammar schools had increased in

numbers during the vears just before and after Air. Capen took charge,

and filled up ever}-thing, e\-en the building first built for the girls'

school work. Some of the old students, most of whom had been

out teaching, wanted to take the further course and came in and joined

the school again. The first class, numbering four, graduated from the

Academy in June, 191 1. The British Consul, Mr. Tours, and the

American Consul, Mr. Williams, were present in their official capacity

and each delivered an address.

When Mr. Capen took up the boys' school work he reported as

follows

:

"Paul made it his aim to jneach the gospel where Christ was

not already named, that he might not build upon another man's founda-

tion. And I must confess that many times in my life I have longed

102 iiis'i'iiin' III' 'iMi: sr)rTM i iiixa mission, svvatow

for liku iiiissiiJiKii \ ()i)])iirtniiili(. ,-. Hut todny I rt-joice in iin' work

here, not in s])itt- <if tlic fonnd.ilion oIIkt men liave laid, Init einphati-

call)' because of tlicir fonndatiijn. I caine ont liere a year ago with my

lieart set niion preacliiiij^^ jn unreaclied villaf(es to nntauglit lieathen. I

find tlial there are tlionsands of snch \-ilIa^;t:s liere, to be sure, yet the

fact is, I also find tliat the labors of faithfnl missionaries these years

past have been so blest tiiat scores of villaj:;es already lia\e their loyal

groups of believers called to be co-woikers with God. God has led iiie

to see very clearK' that the Iioj^e of China lies not so much in the

hundreds of strong men of faith who mii--t yet be sent from our shores,

as it does in the consecrated li\-es of these Chinese Chrihtians them-

selves. Through them the niituld multitudes ' must lirar the gospel.

And now as ne\er Ix-fore is our time to help tiiem to take China for

Christ.

"The slow1rogress of a r.iw missiouarx "s first \ear with the

language tries his patience. II(.)wc\cr, it is a ble.ssing, at this earlv

stage in his career, when he ought to keep still, th.it he cannot speak.

He is forced to take time, step by steji. to arrive at suitable mission

policies. Thus I have come to more mature ambitions. I ha\-e faced

the fact that we ha\'e not pastors eni.iUi:h to suppu- e\en the present

needs of the churches. Ai>.iin our sniipl\ of teachers for the \illao'e

Christian schools falls far slioit even of the present demand. Yet it

is through pastors and te.iclurs lli.it wc must work. Therefore now I

ni.ike it my ambition to win ,ind lit o\ir Inns foi these life-callings. .My

fellow missinn. 11 ies ,ind llu !'. xcciitu e Com mittce h,i\ e .dlowed me to

m.dsc tills .imliitinn |.i.-cnli,ii 1\ luv own, bv ]Mittiiig under mv charge

tlu- ar.idciiu lnic, ,md the diil\ .•! -i\in- thoughtful .iltcnlion to the

best pi, MIS f.ii dill \ill.|._;r srliuoN lliionghniil tile entile lield.

"'" <>'I"Ihi1 I, ok n\rl tlu- Ul,in,i>.;rllleilt i>f the acideiUN . We

h.ive .ilii.iit sev. iilv Imin.s and Nniin;.; mei.. In nn school council, which

EDUCA'l-IONAI^ WORK I03

t hold Willi the teachers every Monday evening, my task is much more-easy than others have had to undertake because in China today an

-eagerness to change from old ways to the new is in the air. Thegovernment schools are using all the Western methods they can lay

their hands on. So my five teachers are anxious to try any plans that

may promise to benefit the school. Only a few days ago they handed

me a long, careful statement of a proposed curriculum, not only for the

academy but also for village schools, which had taken them a week of

evenings to elaborate. We propose to make our Kakchieh school here

as nearly as possible a model school. When the boys trained under

the best teachers with the best methods go to inland schools, they will

bring them up to the same standard. This year we simply could not

bring ourselves to refuse over twenty boys the opportunity of studying

to fit themselves to become workers. But to take them we had to

overflow into the old building of the compound which some time ago

was condemned to be pulled down. Next year we expect the numbers

will increase largely and we must not be obliged to refuse those who

otherwise have no opportunity to prepare for the all-important positions

which are waiting to be filled."

Mr. Page was sent to the mission for work in the Seminary, but

the needs of the boys' school appealed to him and he was assigned to

that work. These two men, Mr. Capen and Mr. Page, worked hard

with few "facilities" to help them, but they have done a fine work. Dr.

Ashinore, Sr., always ready to help wherever he could, appealed to a

friend in Dayton, Ohio, to give the money for the first academy build-

ing, and he responded with $6,000 gold. With this the first building of

the academy was built over on a hillside opposite the Seminary Hill,

on land that we had succeeded in getting from the Cliinese not long

before. This was at a time when a gold dollar brought more than two

Mexican dollars.

Educationai, work ^05,

Some of our students wanted to take advanced work wlier. they

had finished here. As much of the college work is done in Englisli,

more English had to be given here. A short-term man, Mr. N. H.

Carman, came out to meet this need, and when his three 3ears were

over went home for further theological training and a special normal

course, that he might be ready for the preparation of better teachers for

orir country schools. He is now back again bringing with him Mrs.

Carman, our Dr. Mildred Scott who was at home on furlough. \\'hen

he went home, ]\Ir. Frank Foster came out to teach English in the

academy. He was here for three years of school work, barring a short

time during the summer and fall of 191 S when he was in Siberia for

Y. M. C. A. war work.

The lot bought of Mr. AVingate has been sold and the proceeds,

1^30,000, have gone into one dormitory for the boys. The cost of this

one buildino' is

more than the

Missionary Socie-

ty had previously

put into our en-

tire plant here.

This may sound

incredible, b u t

remember that

most of our build- New Dormitory, North or Bayside.

ings have been put up by members of the mission or b)' some personal

friends. The days of $600 buildings have passed and will never return.

The Acadenn- has fort)--four alumni. Of these, twenty-one have

gone awav for further study. Three have graduated from the Shanghai

Colleo-e; one from the Nanking College; and one from Foochow Medical

College, who is successfully carr)ing on alone the medical work at

<()>) iiis'rni;v III' Tin; .^m tm china missiun, swatow

Cli.in\Mii<;. I )iu- li.is ^),ii1ii;i1l(1 f)oiii till.- Suncliow Medical school.

TwiiilN -tliicc- 111 the ;;i.iilii,itLS arc tcacliiiif,' and three of them are also

incacliii);^. iMJiirlccii have lal:en ]l0^t f^radiiate work, one is doing

/. iM. C. A. wink, tJiicc have cuteicd Ijiisincss. two are doctors, and

one has died, ji'mir are wiw takiii;,' medical conrses. All these alumni

except four, or ])erha]is now oiil\- three, arc Christians. ( )thers who

Aciiiltnu lpii\s (.iil.n ^;iiiL: '" «i<itto in a i)ictiiT"(.>viut ni.'**.'^ of r<^*cl;s near one enditf ituii Alhlclii- lUM The tnlarccil ruonv to Ve Ihc Class Tva Koom.

did not take or fiiii^li the ac,uleni\ can^e lia\e taken medical courses.

( )ne of these todk the Tekin;.; medical cotirse. and when he had just

finislied, xaihuiteered tu helii in the work fm pue vinn^mic pKigne there

in the nnith, li>nk the disease and died. .\iiotheT, .1 Graduate of the

vSdDchdw Medical Seh.uil, has

estalili^hed lliln^ell' a^ an iip-ln

date plu >ieian 111 a l.>\\ 11 in 1 M

(ill lesl lerU 's lield.

We li,i\e li.id ti'i in.inx

\(.Mls .1 |iirll\ Well ill lined sellii.d

iiiiliiA'. Tills w.is made iitVieial at ,, ,, ,

EDUCATIONAI, WORK IQ7

•the Conference lield at Kaying in 1905. This policy includes, for

ioundation school work, a primary school connected with every chapel

throughout our field, an advanced middle school at each inland station

where a foreigner has his home; for advanced work, academies, one

for the Tie chiu field and one for the Hakka field. This same plan is

-to be carried out for the girls' school work as far and as fast as possible

Academy at Kaying

Pfl^.;!

Frist Graduatiiig Class, Kaying Academy.

The Academy at Kaying has had a phenomenal growth.

Shortly after Mr. and Mrs. Giffin came to the field in 1904, a boys'

school was organized. There was no building for it, but the school

went on. In 1912 the school reported 20 pupils. During these later

years it has been housed in an old building near the chapel. It has

been crowded and uncomfortable, but the boys knew where they could

o-et good training, and they have come for it, and put up with the

discomforts. The mission was virtually compelled to start an academy

o-rade, for the boys were there, ready and anxious to take the advanced

loS iiisTiiin' n\- Till" SMI rri rrii\.\ misstcix, swatow

ciiuisc-. 'I"n siiiiL ;m ,MailLiii\ without n ])roj)er Ijiiilding, or tlie funds

with whicli to iMii\ it on w.i^ a Ki'^ ].ropo>ition, hut Mr. Giffiii

\s:i,s cncoiiiancd h\ his iV-llow' missionaries, and tlie reser\e fund came

to his liclp, and the hcî 11 ii

i

ii;^ was made and the result has amply

jiistified tile course taken. The scliool lias an eiudable reputation in

the city, ami its fust class, which i^vaduale'i it ii)[>'. numbered tweuty-

fi\e hoys. ( )f these foiii went to Shaiif^hai iJajitist Coile<ê for further

study, one went to the Vale Meilical School at Chanrjslia, one to Japan,

and six arc teaching; in the school of tiie mission.

The .\ca lenu- will before lone; be i^'la ided witli a proper home.

At a point about h.ilf w.i\- between the old compound and the city, land

is lieinc; li(.ju>^ht snlllcieiit for a iêneroirs plant, the varions br.i]din,£;s

needed lor a school of that yiaile, and residences fur the missionaries

and the Chinese teachers connected with ;t.

The statistics up In <late, June icjjo c;ive:

Acadenn pupils lOo

Higher I'l iin,iv\- jinpils i :;:;

lyower I'riuiarc jaijjils. . . '"s

«

Total. _,-o

Section IV

THE ABIGAIL HART SCOTT MEMORIAL SCHOOL. KAKCHIEHWhen A|v. ;,,„1 Mi.s. Johnson wcic still workin,- in ibuu^koug

in the ve.ii 1S5,, sixu nine ncus a-o, M 1 s. Job n.son opened a ojrls'

^''""'' '" "'^' '"^^'' '''"'v of hel dwcllin- house. The first pupil was' ll.d.k.i ..ill fiom ., faniiK livm- in llonokon-. While in school^'"' '"'""• ' Cdiiisti.in. I.,itei she in.is in.uu.d to a heathen butowaNs kepi hei f.iith 111 Cod. The second .;irl to enter was A Tiam

The faculty of the Abigail Hart Scott Girls' Boarding School. Some teach only one

or two hours a week, while others teacli all the lime.

The Girls' School building.

I 10 iii-,'i(ii<v (II' iiii' snirir ('iiiN'A >rTSsriix, swatow

;i (.-liilcl v\'^\\[ M'ais oil], fioiii lam-tsau, licre on our own field. She

was ail iinwi'lcdim- dau^Iih i and liad Ijceii fjiveii to Mr. Lechler, a

iiiissioiiai)' who was W(irkii)^' in tlie I.ini-tsau region, wlio brought

lier to Iloii^^kcjiij^'. W'licn she was c-ij,'li teen years (jld lier fatlier came

and took her hunic and inaiiied her to a heathen. Anotlier yfrl was

A Hi whose family diil'led tei Hongkong, the fatiier going on to

California. The intjllier heaid of the school and bronu;ht her dauizliter

to study, no doubt iiilliieiiced b\- the fact that slie would have one less

child to support. vShe was the brightest ^'irl in school, and could learn

aiuthing. Chuan Sin-sc-nic still li\ing in Penaug, and .-V Sui Che still

living in Kakchieh, were j:iu])ils in this scIiduI. These two were from

Christian families, and ha\'e proved to be \ery useful women in our

mission. The teacher of this school was a heathen, and his salarv was

eight ildllars a mrmth.

When the missinn

m()\(.(l to Dunble Is-

land, the school w.is

kept up. The new

teacher, Chn.m Sin-

se was a Christian

\onng m.m. A i^iil

who h.id studied in

IlcMi>.;kong helped in

tin- te.icluni:.

V lui.ui Smi IIH. 7S yi.u^ ..la.

When the move w.is m.ide Ic Kakehieh tile school came tm^ as

:' mall. I nf c.Miise, and was eontmned in the luuHc ,.t Kakchieh,^^''""' "" J"!'"-'"'^ I'ved wlule Im.Kiino then home on the com-pound. When llus lum.e was lunslied, Uie .sehoul occupied the lowersi on.

T^DUCATIONAI, WORK III

Mrs. Johnson thought Chuan Sin-se needed a wife, so she sent

to one of tlie Christian families in Hongkong whose daughter had

been in her school there, inviting the daughter to come to Swatow

and visit her. Slie came, and Chuan Sin-se found the wife he needed.

Some of US can remember A Khue Che, the efficient helper in the

Woman's School, and afterwards in the hospital, and A Ka Che, mother

of Hui Pi Che. These two women were also in Mrs. Johnson's school.

A short time after Mr. Johnson's death, Mrs. Johnson removed

to Tang-0 with the school, but the next year she left the mission and

the school was closed.

Mrs. Henrietta Partridge opened the school again in the autumn

of 1874. There was now a church constituency to help in carrying

on a school under different rules. At first everything had been done

for the girls. The food was furnished and a cook prepared it. Their

clothes were also furnished and a laundress kept them clean, and the

girls had no responsibility except to get their lessons. In the new

school Mrs. Partridge allowed $i..30 a montli for the board of each girl,

but they had to do the cooking, cleaning and washing, as well as keep-

ing the whole place in order. This was the first step, even though a

short one, towards self-support.

The Woman's Society of the East made an appropriation of

$150 for carrying on the school and $400 for a school building. While

this was being built, the school lived in the Koi-tiu-lau, a small

buildino- in the valley, the first one built on the compound. Mr.

Partridc^e put up the school building, and here the school found its first

real home. It consisted of a scliool room and dining room, with two

dormitories above. A one-story bath room and storeroom, with a

covered open kitchen, were at the back. A few years later a second

story was built over this. But this house could accommodate only

thirty-two and was soon outgrown, so plans were made for a larger

r i: llls'i'iiin 111'I III", Snl'TII CIII.VN MISSTOV, SWATOW

liiiildiii;;. Allci niiisiiltiiii; will: ntlieis, Mrs. Aslimorc, who liad cliarge

III' llu- stliiMil ,il till- linn-, .iskcil tliL- Socict) for the iiKxlest sum of

#10011 ^iilil, |iriniiisiii;4 to fmiiish an adilition.Tl 5''jo< 1 Mexican receivefl

fiiiiii the sale nf iliawii wuik, tile making' of whicli --he had introduced

anionj; onr cIiuvlIi nK-ndiers. This was a business venture of her own,

and the work on e\'er\' piece was paid for at its full value. The school

<;irls were not allowed to do this work, as it would ha\'e been too liard

on their eyes, and also because their dc-ire to earn money would have

taken time from tlieir other duties. The facts iri the case ha\'e been

misunderstood and incorrectly stated in some accounts that have

appeared in print at home.

Tiie new bnildino; was ])nt up, and finislied in 1S99, just a.s

the Ashmores left for furloni^h. The whole cost of the bnildin,;;,

$3,65.^, was fur-

nished by Mrs.

Asliuiore alone

f:iim her drawu-

wx'ik earnings,

and the Si.ooo

\oted b\ the So-

c:et\ Wire never

ilrawu, but were

letnrneil to the

-•-locietN-. Later

when this build-

1111; w,is outi^iown,

,nid the need for

nioie recit.ition

rooms for the

uro\\in<> nmnberol il.issi's bee.nne lH;.;tnl. Mis. .\ sliuu.ie. Willi tlu- lulp of two ineinliers

Educational work "3

•of her family in the United States, put up another building with the

Tinderstanding that the whole plant should be a memorial of her

mother, and called the Abigail Hart Scott Memorial.

These buildings are already outgrown, and plans are now

being made for a high and normal school on East Hill—the story of

the carrying out of these plans must be left to a future historian.

We have been looking at the shell of the school. Now let

us look at the school itself. When the Partridges went home for their

first furlough, the school was

left in the care of Miss Thomp-

son, but as she wished to do

country work the school was

<lismissed.

Soon after, Miss Nor-

wood reopened it, and some

further changes were made. cutting the First Tree on East mii.

The new rules required that the feet of the girls should not be bound,

and that the girls should not be betrothed to heathen. If either of these

conditions were violated the parents agreed to pay a fine of $30 to the

school fund. All this was put in the form of a

contract, and signed by the parent or guardian

of the girl concerned. There was very little

trouble about the matter of binding the feet,

and some girls who wanted to come to school,

unbound theirs, in order to make themselves

eligible. But it was not always so easy to keep

the parents from betrothing a fine educated girl

to a heathen for a large consideration. To some,

we regret to say, money was of more impor-One of the earlv Matrons when

the school was hi^t^he first ^.^^^^ ^jj^j^ jl^g well-bciug of their daughters.

lid lIlSTdKV nb Till'; sol lil I IIINA Mlb>IO.N', SWATOW

When Mrs. I';iitiid^^c letiinicd to Sw.ilow the school went back

into lici hands.

Since Mrs. Jolinson or-anized the school for oirls in Hongkong,,

the wives of missionaries liave given hft\- \ear> to this one girls'

school. I<et lis give their iianie>— tlie> deser\c it:

Mrs. Johnson

Mrs. H Partridge

Mrs. \V. Ashinore, Jr.

Mrs. J.M. I'oster

I\Irs. M. ]•:. Partridge

Dr. Scott

Besides this, at our inland stations the wives of missionaries-

have given fiftv or more \ear.s to the sniierintendence of girls' schools.

Ungkung : Mis. Carlin

.Mrs. Lewis

Mrs. L. K. \Vorle\

Kit\ang: JMrs. Sjieiclier

Mrs. J. M. Fo.stei

Chaochowfu : Mrs. KempMrs. Raker

Mrs. Hildieth

Raying : Mrs. Canipl-i 11

Mrs Whitni.in

Mis. r.ilVm

IIopo: Mrs. .Xd.iins

Changning: Mi,^. l'nni,-~tield.

We au- gl.id 1(1 give tlie^e wmkcis cuilit fni this woik of one-

liniidied wais aiul nidu, fuel\ giwii, without iiinnev and without

Jilli-e, heiMllse tluy s.iw ,iii oppoi tlinitN .uid Sei.'ed it. TllCN have not

sto]iin(l with giil>' schools, lint in.ms li.i\(.- lu-lped li\ teaching ill the

lin\ .s' schi M il.s .IS will.

Educational work 115

In the early days, outside of the Chinese Classics there was little

else except the Bible to study. As suitable textbooks were published

they were introduced into the school. The course of study included

everything available at that time and grew in diversity as new books

were put into Chinese.

As the church advanced in its appeciation of the importance of

educating girls, as well as of the responsibility of the parents for their

daughters, we found it possible to inaugurate a system of fees, at first

small, only one dollar a quarter, but gradually increasing, and now

covering the cost of board.

In 1904 Miss i\Iyra Weld came to the mission, the first one sent

out by the Woman's Society for the work of the Girls' School, At

home she had been in charge of a girls' boarding school, where girls

were fitted for college. Pardon the relation of a bit of personal

experience, but I can in that way better make the reader see the real

Miss Weld. We had crossed the Pacific together in the same cabin.

Two people get very close to one another in a cabin during such a

journey. We discussed all sorts of mission problems, she from her

American view point and I from my oriental one. After she got to

Swatow and found out more about things, she said to me one day,

"At home I had charge of a girls' college preparatory boarding school

and I come out here to teach the A. B. C's in a primary girls' school."

This was a new viewpoint for me. I had not been in the habit of

thinking of our school here merely as a primary school. I thought of

it in terms of what it did for the girls, and of what they were after

being here a number of years. So I said to iMiss Weld, "When these

girls return to their own villages, there is more difference between

them and their girl friends, than there is between a home college

graduate and her old friends, when she retuins to her home. These

girls are so different, it is sometimes not easy for them to return to the

old life and be satisfied. Comparatively, they are princesses in their

u6 IIISTdIO- 111- INK SOI'TII IHIN'A MISSION, SWATOW

own \illa;;cs. When I iiit;tl tliciii in their own homes or at the

c'i)untr\' cha[ic!s, tlieir (jnirl di^^mfieil w.iys are a most striking contrast

to the w.i\s of tile iintaii;^'lit ^'irls. It is not simpis' just liow ninch slie

knows of liistors' or ^'eo;^rapli\-, but what t!ie scliool lias done for the

s^iil herself. I know it is only a priinar)' school, but onl>' we who have

been strnggling to make the school what it i< can ever know what it

has cost. The time has come when the school can be raised to a

higher grade, and somebody must do it; why can't \on do that as well

as somebody else ?' This gaw her a new \'iewpoint. I never again

heard from lier any disparaging comparison of her present task with

lier former one. Rather, she put her hand to tlie work and never

turned back. I doubt if she ever lo,>h\;l back. She had tlie satisfac-

tioa of lia\-ing some girls in high school studies before her deatli. Her

.'cliool was a great success and her pupils adored lier.

Miss Weld's ileatli compelled the mission to face the question

ot thi.' luovisiou to be madf for carrying on the sch.ool. There

was no one wdio could under-

take it in ad(^itioii to the work

she was tloing. Miss Sollman

was asked to drop, for the

time 1-K'ing, her woik for tlie

women, and to carr\ on the

girls' school. This she did for

three \ears.

Miss iMcldcii h, id >,oine for the gills" school work .1 few montlis

iKfoir Miss \\\ 1,1 ,lu.,l, 1.,,^., Mms 1m,iiu-o- \dkiiis, who was on the

'"''' visilin- hn binilua, was l.iken on bv the Societv, and began

'"' i'l'l'n.ili.iii, ,,,,,1 siill l.Urr M ws Ciulf wis sent out for school

W'"'- b'ailui. ,,| luMih -.ind ilu'-c ilncc Vi.ung ladies, one after

"'"' ^^"" '"""' ''"I"''' ^^-is no one in si-ht foi the sciiool and it

I'r-aii (,, lo,,k lo Mi.ss .Sollman ,is ,| it was an indetniite tenure of ollice

Educmtonai, work 117

Placing ring leuiiis.

for her. But she could no longer give up ihe woman's work which was

suffering from neglect. We all met; we discussed the whole situation;

we voted to close the school, and then went home. Was it a funeral

we had just attended, or what was it that made us feel as we did?

During tlie time that Miss Sollman had charge of the school

several of the graduates had been sent to the Higli School at Foochow.

In time these came back ready to help

when the school should again be opened.

Then Miss Culley came and

began her course of language study.

Before she had completed it, the school

was opened. The reopening of a school

is a good time to make changes, and

quite radical changes were made at this

time. Fees were increased. Some ques-

tions were raised as to whetlier there

would be many to enter with the high

fees, especially as they did not know1.1 1 1 1 J t

Uaniing her Eiluratioii, Girls'

Miss Culley, and the school had been g^^^^, Kakch.ei,.

ii8 iiisTiirn' oi'' Till", soinii ciiixa mission', svvatow

closed three >ears. I'.iit tliev came, and tlie scliool soon readied tlie

iimnlicrs it liail had befoie closing. The ^'irls from l-'oocliow have

iciidercil efficient help, and wlieii Miss Cnlley

left in Jnne of tliis \car, tliere was a class

ol tliiiieen in the hi;,di school, and a class of

Iwenty-two jnst ready to graduate from the

grammar scliool. 'I'here ha\-e been ninety

pupils in the t;rammar grade an.d t\vent\ -eiglit

in the jirimar\- grade whicli is housed in the

.Id school building built b\- Mr, Partridge so

mam- \ears ago.

There has been a \'er\- insistent demand

for the suuh' of luiglish, and Miss Fielden

was asked to return to Swatow for a three \'ear

term to teach l-'uglish in the difterent grades of

tlie gills' schcjols. Having completed her three ^ear term, she left for

the United States last I^'ebruarw

C.irl-' Scliiiol Mi>siiiM S.'i

trt-.Tviirer coiintii a thti'.)iilril)uli.>r.

To forestall another hi-

atus with no one to continue the

school, the Board, two ^eals

ago, sent out Miss .\l)bic 'i.

Sanderson who arrived in April

iQiN. She finished her laugn

age examinations jiiNt in tiine to

t.ikt.' o\'(M the si'liDol, slioi tl\

birnic Miss CnlK\' U ft for her furlough.

i.ii l- Scli.>,.l, K.iWdiich,

Miss l''.nul\ Aldlei who ,iiii\cd on the field last f.ill is in prepa-

ration tor hci wolf ,111.1 h.is p.issed lui Tust si \ months examination.

Miss ,Sp:ii\ li.is (,d..( 11 iniu'h of the woi k which h.id been done bv ^liss

l''i(hlrii III llie I'biLjllsll dep.U lllKUt ,

Kducationai, work 119

Girls' Schools at Inland Stations

When the iiiission met in Conference at Kaying in 1906, a

-school policy was adopted, one item of which was that all inland

stations should have girls' grammar schools. We have been slow in

• getting there, but have a few that are above primary grade. There are

boarding schools at Ungkung, Kityang, Hopo and Kaying, and a day

school at Chaochowfu of grammar grade. Besides there are numerous

/primary day schools among the outstations.

CHAPTER XI

MEDICAL WORK

"]\ /TIvSS C. H. Diii'.iclls, M, I)., wns tlic- first plnsician sent to our

^'^ mission. She came in .inswcr to a special call for a special

work. We iiad lony wanted to <jccupy Chaocliowfu as a residence station

and Air. McKiljbcn had tried to (.jet an entrance into that ^reat cit)-. It

was hoped that with a j)h\sician to help break flown the opposition

an entrance might he made.

Hindered from carr\ ini; nut the (.)riginal pla)i. Dr. Daiiiells was

obliged to reniaiii in tlie Kakchieh componnd, and the sick came to

her there. A small build-

ing WIS ]Mit up fur her

use, and our medical work

I

hcve was begun. She

wa'- ii'i nincli of the time,

and .It last went to Japan

in tile hope of iinpmve-

jnicnt, but instead oi

I

gelling bitter grew wor-

J ,-.e .ind. went on to .-\me-

iKM. M;e w.is a true

missioiiaiN with the spirilii.il good ni iht Cliir,(.>e e\er al he.ii t, ,iiid

her medieal wcuk w.i-' .1 uumii^ in th.il eiui.

'I'lu niissi(.ii.iiu> in eh.iige of the -cliool w>.rk in the eomi>oiiud

had le.iiiK d Mie \ ,iliie i>l li,i\ iiig a .ioetoi to j>ie>ei liie t'oi the Ui.iii) pupils

wliiiimded liel]'. Tlu \ weie, thcufou, \ei\ gl.id wIku .Mrs. Anna

K. .Si ..tl, M.I ). .Miived 111 iSS.)

i.;o

mEdr'ai, work 121

Dr. A. R. Scott holding a clinic in front of the old chapel al KityanL^

Dr. Scott had gone with her husband to Assam in 1862. After

his death she had carried on his work as long as she could, and then

had oone home with her children. To support herself and familj' she

took a medical course, and when the children were grown and no longer

needed her care, she again heard the missionary' call and came to take

up our medical work. It was a iDrave thing to do, and few women at

the a^e of fift}- would have undertaken it. »She found patients awaiting

her comino- and began to practice at once. She studied this exceeding-

ly difficult language as best she could while doing her work.

She worked up .a i^ractice, and by trips into the country, holding

clinics in chapels, or on the street outside, she made her hospital known

all over the field. She had regular days for dispensary work at certain

places. After dispensing at Kityang where she .sometimes remained

for several days, she would come down the stream to Kheh-khoi and

have a dispensary day there. Packing up she would drop down the

river to Phau-thai and stop there for a day. She also had regular

dispensary days at Am-po and Chaoyang.

IJJ II I->'I'(J|(\ III- Tin: -III "III (IIIN'A MISMiiN', SWATOVV

Tlicu- were s(;iiR- \v(iii(k-iful 7cco\-eries of women wlio were

lUiii^, and had tlicir coirni'- Imii^lit and ^^ravc clothes ready to put on.

Xiws (if MK-li vc-covcrios siirc-ad all over tlic di>trict, and sometimes she

would have 200 patients a da\' at thc.':e inlanr] stations. This, too,

before slie had an\- trained medical assistants. To attend to all those

jiatients she had at times to wurk from four (/clock in the morning,

when the first diies airi\cd, till ten o'clock at niijht. It must have

been after some s\ich da\ 's work that she wrote, in one of her reports,

the following jiaia^r ijili :

" If friends in America think we are taking our ease and living

in luxurx-, the\' should cimie and do our work for a while. We worke(d

hard at home, but wc never knew what it was to lie wearied to the

extreme limit nf endur.iuce until we came to China— too tired to

either eat, sleep or speak. .Still this is a blessed work and we would

not e.\ch,ni;^e it fm auN' (_ither."

The Chinese are like the people (if western kinds. the\ will go to

the ddctor whcini ihev want to ha\c treat tliem. There was a laree

Catholic faniil\- in Cha(.ichowfu, who once a \ear rci^ularU' collected all

the ailing ones in the famil\- ; chaperoned b\- one of the older women

these ])eople would make a visit to this luv-pital. Thc\ might ha\e

gone to the hospital right there ,it L'h.iochi iwfu, or stopped at one in

Swatow, but the\- wanted Di. vScott to trot tliem,,ind thev came on

across the Iku' to the doctor the\ wautcvl.

The hdspil.il Piiblc wiimau and gencial m.ition w.is Sister Speed,

.1 most capable woui.iu. This waun.ni h.ui been ,1 pupil in .Mrs.

johnsiiii's scliii.il .iiid was the d.iUL;htei of a pie.i;her who had allowed

1k-i 111 1^1. r,v up Willi ualui.il, that is unbound, feet. She w.is ,1 widow

Willi .1 dan-lilii, .lud li.id ,1 .son-iu-l,iw, Sok hi, who h, id nuuiied into

llic l.iiiiiK, .111(1 wild ui lime bec.inie one of Di. Scott's helpers and a

1(1 iable .issislaul.

MEDICAL WORK 1 23

Dr. Scott soon had to enlarge the small hospital building put up

for Dr. Daniells. Then, as men often came to bring their wives and

mothers to the hospital, and sometimes needed medical lielp more than

the women did, anotlier small building was put up in 1S93 ^^^ men's

use.

How her first opium patients happened to come here, we do not

know, but she had some who must have told the story of their treatment,

and she became famed all over our district as a wonderful doctor for

curing the opium habit. Before she began treatment she would tell

them just what a hard time they would have, and that they must make

up their minds beforehand whether they would undertake it or not. She

had a wonderful way of making them think they wanted to do just

what she said. Then she began. When they were in the depths of

despair, readv to sell body and soul for a dose of opium, she would

hearten them up and remind them that they knew it wotild be hard

but that they had promised to hold out and endure it, and somehow

they would believe her and would keep up the fight. In the men's

little old hospital there were forty opium patients packed in at one

time. Just think what it must have cost Dr. Scott in nerve force to

cheer up and encourage forty groaning opium patients.

In doing work at the inland dispensaries she soon saw the need

of a hospital building at Kityang. She had worked the whole field

over and had investigated the needs of other places before she decided

upon Kityang. To see a need was sufficient motive for Dr. Scott to

make an effort to meet it. She collected the necessary funds and put

up the hospital at Kityang. In her report for 1894 she says, "During

the five years I have been in Swatow I have personally treated more

than 33,000 patients. The whole number for the five years is 35,517.

Two hospitals have been built, and an addition made to the woman's

hospital at Kakchieh, a mission boat for our medical work bought, and

I-

1

III:VIm|;n nl^ Till, -mi ill lHIN\ MISSIliN, SWATOW

,1 hciiiM- Imill 111! tin- wnikcis i)i tlic W. H. I'". M. Society of tlie

West, 'i'hnii^li I [111] .sdiiK'timcs tiled in tlii> work, I am never

lirctl 111 it."

As .soon after ljc<^iniiiii,L.' lier work as she conk! do so, slie

started a class for hospital assistants. Tiiese stndents also helped her

1j\- [Mittiii;,; into ])ractice, as fast as thev learnefi, the theory (gained

from the Imuks. In 1S97 she had fue of these assistants wlio had

5;railiiated from the limited course of study, and were valuable

heljiers.

It was some time later before she could get Chinese women to

stud\ for nurses. ,\t List .ill the ohstacles were overcome, and slie had

a clas.s of \\<.imen who were a ''reat help to her, and contributed lar^clv

Ml-- I iiiillir Nnilluoll w illi I i 1 line lm\l-r-.Ull lln IMP -1- li.iiiiiiii; ohl>

lo I lie Mill ess o I lu 1 w oi k dill inv; I he 1 .: li I \ ea 1 s w hell she Could not put

in so iii.nn lioiiis ol w oi k .is >lic li.ui diiliii;.; hei I'list tellll. She luul

(o liaili llie-e elassis loi nun ,nid fm woiiun.

MEDICAL WORK I2S

The women muses were sent ont in answer to most of the ont-

call work. Many Cliinese women and their babies owe their lives to

the skilful work of these midwife nurses.

Miss J. M. Bixby, M. D., came out in the autumn of 1894,

and during the year of language study she remained at Kakchieh.

She had taken special work at home in the treatment of eyes. During

the first year she went to visit Kityang with Dr. Scott, and helped her

by taking all the eye patients, treating an average of twelve a day.

Dr. Scott reports: " After five years of hard pioneer work in

establishing a hospital at the important inland station of Kityang, it

was my great pleasure on December first to hand over to my co.

worker, Dr. Josephine Bixby, a completed and well appointed building

accommodating nearly one hundred patients. The Chinese say the

" Feng Shue" is perfect and in every way conducive to the welfare of

both the living and the dead. In all the region about Kityang the

hospital is already well known and a most friendly feeling is manifested

towards it.

"

During Dr. Bixby's first year while still in Kakchieh, she took

all the eye cases, thus relieving Dr. Scott of that much work. She

was the first missionary to make Kityang her permanent residence,

going there to live December 2, 1895.

Before Dr. R. E. Worley came out in 1903, to take charge of

the men's medical work, it had become apparent that new hospital

buildings were needed, as the two small buildings we had, were quite

inadequate for the work here in the compound. Dr. Scott had appealed

to her friends who responded very generously, and on the rocky hillside,

two new buildings, the Edward Payson Scott and the Martha Thresher

memorial buildings were put up. Before these were completed, in the

spring of 1904 Dr. Scott had to go home on furlough and the buildings

IJd lllSlMlCi op- 'ITllv SDUTll CHINA MISSION, .SWATOW

wfic fmisliiil ;mi(1 iIliI kj tcl with inturestiiiL; services on September

Ihirlietli. This left Ui. Woile\ tu do all the work for both woiiien and

111-. K. K W.jikv ami liis llircc hospita: In Ipt i

-

oineii and

men. He was untiring in his

devotion to it, and the Chinese

lo\ed him, and all wanted him

% s'Jien tlie\ were ill. As he was

returning from one of liis dis-

pensar\' da)s at Ciiaoyaiig. and

was crossing the bay, through

the carelessness of the boatman,

the boat was capsized and he

was drowned. His deatli was a

great loss to the mission, and

wh.U it was to the wife, no one

except thcise who lia\e had

s ime siniil.ir expe; ience can ever

know.

When rjr. Scott went lionie in I9''4 it was \\;th little expecta-

tion (jf being able to return, but hei liealth so greath' iinpro\'ed, and

the needs of tlie field were so urgent, tlial she again answ-.-red the caU

for help, and in \<)0~ came out for her final term of serx'ice, which

lasted until the spring of 11)14, when she retiied, full of iiouors, long

.after the retiring age. Now at the .>-.;e of ei''ht\-two, she is euioviusr

life witli her sou and graudcluld, ,i;ui i> still >pe.ikiug in public on

mission work.

The woik ,il kilx.iU'.; uiuiei Hi r.i\b\ developed, and she was-

knowii all ii\ei the held ,is being \ ia \ skilful in the tieatuieiit of

e\e lionbles. Maii\ blind e\es were ie-lv>\evl tluoU'.;li her skilful

<ipeialions. b'.nlai^ed .leeoininod.it loiis weie e, Tiled for ,ind she solicited

-ifls hoiii fiieiids foi building. llei gi.itelul Cliiue.se patients, botlv

JIl'.DICAL WOR\ 127^

Dr. Scott and her trained hospital helpers.

Christian and heathen, contributed largel)- to the building fund. She

was able to remain on the field nutil the building was finished and

dedicated, but was never able to use it. She went home iu April

1907, in care of Dr. Grant, and died at Denver, where they had halted

on their journey, hoping that the climate would benefit lier.

After long uncertainty, our mission has finally been able to

formulate a definite medical policy. We plan to have a doctor at

every station where a foreign worker lives. Kakchieh and Kit\ang

have been fairly well looked after during these later \ears. For many

years Ungkung—forty miles from a doctor, and the steam launch running

only every other day, and a number of children in the one missionary

128 iiisTdKY <>[' Tin; SOI Tii riiiNA .mission, swatow

r.miilN'— li.al nil ddcto:. Akilicil woik lias been started there, and

now, ill till.- alisciue of tin- foiei^ii doctor, is carried on by tlie students

who were stiid\iiiL; under I)r. XewiiKiii. The ICi^lisIi l'resl;)\ terian

mission has a liospiial at Chaocliow

f

ii, and our Mrs. Baker tliere is a

jihysiciaii. 'I'hc medical work in Cliao\an;/, started so many years ago

..as a dis])cnsai\' woikcd tioiii Kakcliieli, i> now, in the al.'sence of Dr.

Lesher, beini; siicces.^f iilh' cairied on b\' I)r. 'J"ie Ilaii Chai.

At Kayini:; the Mascl .Mi.^sioii h is a ho'-jjital, and during the

many years when our mission has had no ]>h\sician there, their

physicians have cared for our peojile. When Mr. Bousfield went tei

•Chaugning he did a great deal of ineilical work, studying medical books,

.;iud doing what iie couhl for those who needed medical attention. His

treatment was far in ad\aiice of the native doctors who prescribe anv

thing lidiu the scraping of a deer's horn and drietl mouke\ 's tlesli, to

l>ouuded up cockroachts. lie has been taking a medical course since

be went to the laiited vStates, and is to come out tliis fall a full-fledged

Jill) sician.

At Hopo tlieic has been .1 unique coiulition. The Chinese

wanted a lujspital and a foieign doctor, ai',.i uiad.e their appeal to Mr.

Adams. 'JMiere was no iiioue\ in tlic mission lre.isnr\- tox this new-

work. 'J'lie Chinese then made a subsci ijition .imouutir.g to S4,eiOO

Mexican and bron-hl the --nbsci iptimi book to Mr. .\dams and said,

"We will ])nt up the hospital if \ on w ill send us tile docior," Mr.

Adams h.is li.id ili.ii hook of pledge- since loij .uni until now there

has been no docloi to lespond to the cill. I'.iit when lb. Xewmaii

letuins (Ills aninniu, he will go then.' .lud i n.iugnrati.' this work.

< >ne must live foi \ ears in Chin. i to 1 ealS become acquainted

Willi some ], liases of Chinese life, .iiid even tluii luie cm not be sure of

'I'll.v uiidrisi.niiliiio iheiu. Net e\en a visitoi, just passing through.

MCDICAI, WORK 129

with no knowledge of the hrngnage, can quickly see the appalling

need of medical work— the blind beggars; the lepers at large every-

where; the babies carried on the backs of children, both covered with

eczema; the bald scars on the heads of the children, where some abcess

has done its work: the crippled tubercular children; the sores bound

up with irlthy rags; the drains around the \-illage houses, reeking with

green scum; the woikinin who is turning some part of his clothes

'inside out to catch the beastie that has just bitten him; the cholera,

the plague, the small-pox, the malaria, that are either with us or just

waiting round the corner to fall npon ns when the right couditio)iS

exist—how long does one ha\e to stay in China to realize her need of

doctors?

I was once on tour with nn- husband in the country and went

to see one of my married school girls. I found her living in a room

opening on a narrow passageway leading from the street to the end of

a row of houses. C)r,e side of this four or five foot passage was tlie

solid wall of the main building of the gronjJ. A drain ran along the

other side and recei\'ed from each house evervthing that was nc't

wanted. I looked at the drain in front of the house of nn' little school

girl and tliought, ''Here is a chance to enforce a lesson she needs.''

So I said to her, "How can 3 on let your drain be so filthy ? Surely

you can not have forgotten wdiat n'ou were taught at school when

every morning the drains had to be swept out and flushed with water."

However long I ma\' live, I can never forget the look on that little

woman's face as she looked up at me with that hopeless yet appealing

look, and said, ''I do sweep mine out, but the things come right down

from the houses beyond me into my part, and I can't keep it clean.''

How rebuked I felt. What could that young Chinese girl do in a battle

agains the drain.? of China? Her husband, to whom she had been

betrothed early in life, could barely make a living, and the pig had

lo have its corner of their one room to live in, while they had the

1^0 lllSTiiiri 111 Tin: Mil III i||l.\\ .\ll>.~liiN, ^WATtiW

(itln.1 tlinr iiiu- inincr ;i hoi ii.uiii, one i\ (iiiiiiif,^ room conî^ling of a

t.ihlc wilh M.iiic (lislu.s i,:i il, .iihI llic olliti coiiUiiniiig the cooking

iiii.in-enieiils ami a ilooi {>, vo < .iil-niv. 'J'lie ro' 111 i ii .-jiite of all the

clisai-U'aiitajê.s li)iil;eil clean and li<ly.

The lii.-t Siin<la\- in Jinie of the i-ie-eiit \e:n, Dr. Tie Bun Cliai

of ChaoNaiiL; was iiuitdl ii\er to llie C'liiijoiuid to gi\e a talk on

sanitation. He has ;.î\en ntlier talks here oa jireventivc nieasurcs.

and how to keep well. Jlist now the ino.srjiiiloes are carr_\iiig a

malignant ferin of malaria, and a iinmhtr of deaths have occurred,

one beiiiL; that of a ,!;iil in the hi-li school Never mind, little

woman of tliirt\- \ears ago, the Chinese are coining to your assistance

in tlie task eif lr\ing to keep \o\\v drain eleaii.

This crusade against fdlh is heing carried oa wherever foreign

doctors or foreiu^n trained Chinese dieters ji\e. I'r. Adkiiis, when in

charge i-'t uiir Kit\ang medical woik, had. general directions written

out iin larL;e sluets of paper, and these were p'.it on bulieliu boards ami

the walls of ihe cilw

Dr. Desher, early in his work at Chaovang. went on his bicycle

all over the c'.isliict iiiocnlatiiig for pi.igne. At lust the Chinese held

aloof, hut when lhe\ saw thai iho-e wiio h.is been treated escaped the

scourge, th..\ \\ere iead\ and glid to i.dce tie.iluu nl. In :i siiii^le ytar

^\hen the plague was.il ils u.^si, the Chi',;e-e esimiatevl that the i.umlKr

of dealhs in Chaoxang alone was jo.uOO. Tile srpjdy vi the lieavv

coffins <,idinail\ iisolwas .s.u.ii e\h.insicd ,i:;d then colTins w ere made''""" '""inion l.oaids nnlil llieie wne no niou- \>oau\>: then the bodies

\\''<' Icll wilhonl 1. iiii.il m the io,.ni. uheu- lhe\ h.id di<.d, or weie

c.Mii.d oul ,ind l.li ,1)1 ihr open vp.i.-es ou;-:,i. the cUv. Dr. l.esliei's

\^"''- '" inoriilaliii- was well e.ileiiliud Hot oul\' U' dellloiisll ate

the clkeli\eiKss of his fouign luiiedv, lull abn town iIr -lalitude

MKDICAI, WORK 131

and confidence of the people, wliich should prove a valuable aid

in his future work, and especially when it conies to gettino- sub-

scriptions for a hospital.

The distrust of foreign medicine and foreign doctors, formerly

all but universal, is dying down. We no longer hear about Chinese

children being kidnapped in order that their eyes may by taken out for

medicine. Sometimes we e\-en hear of an order from the magistrate to

clean out all the drains of a town or village. The}- urge the people to

kill the rats, the carriers of the plague flea. So China is moving, and

to us who have seen her in the days when she had in herself all that she

wanted, aird did not want anything from outside countries, the changes

seem very radical and far reaching.

The results of the evangelistic work done in connection with our

hospitals have been most marked. The patients come from the heathen

environment in which the\- have alwax's li\-ed, to the hospital where

everything is new and strange, and one new thing additional does not

awaken their antagonism. Tlie}- have time to listen to the Bible-

woman or preacher or volunteer workers, foreign and Chinese, who go

to them with the gospel message. Their hearts are touched by the

kind and loving treatment they have received;they are grateful for

restored health, for renewed sight, for the baby saved ; and they not

only listen, but many accept the words of comfort spoken to them. As

an illustration taken from many hundreds that might be given, the

story of the patient from the island of Nani-oa will perhaps suffice.

This poor old woman found her wa\' to tlie hospital at Kakchieh, and

received not only healing for her bod}-, Out also healing for her soul.

She retirrned to her inland home, and told the story. Her neighbors

heard her words, and a request came for a Bible-woman to be sent, and

a number of believers were baptized. This group developed into a

church, which later became self-sustaining, and was the first of our

1.^- illSTliK\' III' I'lil', ^(ilTII I IMN'A MISSrnN', S\V.\TO\V

rdiiiitiN' slaliuiis In li((i)iiic wliolK' iii(K|)CiiilLiit ( f tlie luuther church.

Thcv now cijiipir.itc- Willi us 111 our ,'i->sMi_!,iliiiii. just as churclies in

AiiK-rici c'o(i|H i.iic Willi (.acli ollici, .'iiid .irc- iiilcrestc'l in the general

Wdik III" tliL- wliolc li'.-M. 'J'liis is the result of o:il- woman's coming to

the hospilal \ ears a'^n.

^. 111 h.is|.il,a 111 111. K.iki 111. Ii I ,-

wi.mnns lii.siiil.il, iiu.l.lu l..nv;i

I..I1UI thr ...iit.ii;i..ii> .li-i

li..«].ilaK I..U

i|. -1111.1 .\l 111. . lar.nu. -11 ', , . Ik t"ii -l o\.!

uin.i ..M iiu 11 V ho.>|iitnl. Ncrtr the lower n^'^t hantl

,1-. h.>"i.il,il Al the mid.IK' rtRhl the Iwo newi;ii h.u-es iiLnij: I lie loji i>f Hie llill.

^y"ursc-^ ill thf iiielicinc room. KHkcliitrh HospilaV

Chinese Assistant ex^^Ininillg for hook-

worm, Kakchieh, Cliina.

^ 9^ ¥9^'

if^#^^Dr. Kvci iKiiii uiil itr C inn >n wiih llieir as-i'itain« anJ

luiist^, Kiilichit-h liuspital.

'^!

Christmas party for hospital patients, December 25, 1918.

I^itlle boy leadiiii? bis blind motber to

the dispeiisar}-.

CHAPTER XII

BIBLE TRANSLATION

O'^

UR story would not be complete without some accouiit of tlit

translation of the Bible. Unlike other lands, China has a book

language, known as the Wenli, that is so different from the everyday-

language of the people, that the uneducated man can not understand

it. Those who can understand, make up a \-ery small fiaction of the

people, some sa}- as few as two per cent onl}-. And even these few

often have to go through a sort of translating process. At the begin-

ning of our cycle the Bible had already been translated into this book

lanenage by the earlv missionaries to China, and was available for the

use of the few. It was an invaluable asset in missionary work, and

without it we would have been badly ofT indeeii. At the same time,

the fact that so few could understand it and that for the ordinary man.

it had to be translated e\'ery time it was read, greatly limited its

usefulness.

Let us try to imagine an analagons situation in our churches in

America. It will not be an exact parallel, but it will serve to illustrate

the case, if we suppose that our American churches had no other Bible

than that of Tyndale, and that Tyndale's Bible was printed in an

excecdincrly complicated character, known only to the best educated

ministers and to a few others. How much general knowledge of

Bible truth could there be among American Christians under such

circumstances? And the Chinese churches, with a Bible only in the

Wenli, were no better off, indeed, hardly as well off, as the American

churches would be under the conditions we have supposed.

137

1 ^P iii-T(ii;\' 111- riii; -mrii ( iiiva mission', swatow

lUnrt ill the s'liioiis pjrls of Cliiii.i it was rccogiiizeil as of

\ilal iiiii)iMl;iii(<' ti) |)iit llic Ililjlc into tliL- colloquial dialects, tlie

l.iniûa^L- of the- iieujilr. This woik for the Swatow dialect was be_t;;iiii

eaily in the histoiv <if iIil- misîuii, !iiil went .slowly at iirst. When the

writer arrixed in China fuilx \cjis a;ô, we had in the Swatow

coll(i(|uial onl\- the IxKiks of Rntli, Acts, fiene.sis and Romans, pub-

lished ill the order named. Within the ne.\t three years the four

gospels and some more of the epistles were added to tlie list, and the

remainino- books of the Xew 'i'estament followed in the sitcceedino-

\ears, until in 1896 the last lemaining one, tlie Revehuion, wa.s sent to

the jiress. But our New 'I'estament was literallx' in "dix-ers portions'"

and of \arious forms, pages not nnifonn in size, and some printed from

metallic t\pe aiid some from wodilen bhicks. Sucii a New Testament

was nut coiuenient fur e\'er\- day use, and would li.udiy win. ii: the life

(if the church, the p.lace that the word of (jod rigluK' ciaiiiis. So the

work was jmisecuted, and two \ears after the last "portion" had come

from the press, an (.ditinn nf the entire Xew Testament, revised, was

jMit into the hands of the ehurclies Th'.s was an immense ad\aiice,

and it wmihl he dirficuU to (.siiinale the wilue, to our work , of this

edition iif tlie Xew 'JVsianienl, in langna>;e intelligible to the ordinary

man. Hut the Xew Testament, \it,il .is ii js, especi.illy in the

evangelizing stage of mission W(uk, is ,uil\ .1 ].,nt of God's word, .ind a

strong intelligent chinch niusl be buill ny on the whole of th.U word.

Tl is a stiikin- fact tliat the piils of Chin.i wliicli h.ive li.id the entire

I'.ihle accessible in then local di.ilecls, ,n c the p.iits wheie the chinches

have made niosi inaikrd piogiess. So the woik t'i tianskuiiii; the Old

'I'e'-'anii III mnsi l,r i.ikeii n]> .mew, .ind r.cnesis must be t'oUowed bv

Ihe olhei b.ioks of ihe rciilateiich, .ind li\' the histoiicil books, and the

I'-ilms and lli.' piophels, .m,] ,ill ilu- uM, oowii 'hrongli M.il.ichi.

\flei a coiisideialilc iiilei \,il of \ c.i 1 s, dill 1 ng wliich te.iching in the

Seiiiiii.n\ .iiid caiiii;.; foi the cluiiches, h.id cl.iinied his eniirc lime

miWM TRANSLATION I39

and attention, avrangements were made wlieieb^- Air. Ashniore was

released from other duties and set free to devote the greater part of his

time to the work of Old Testament translation.

In 1915 he took up the task in good earnest. In 1916 an

edition of the Pentateiicli was printed, and at the beginning

of 1917 an edition of the Psalms. A furlongh to the United States

and another term of two years teaching in the Seminary de]a}-ed the

completion of the work, though considerable was accomplished during-

the summer vacations. At the beginning of the present 3'ear, 1920,

being again relieved of the work of teacliing, Mr. Ashmore h"s been

able to a'lvance the work of preparing tlie manuscript of the Old

Testament to a point where he could begin sending it to the printers,

with a good prospect of getting the entire Old Testament completed,

too'ether with a revision of the New Testament, if irot within the

present year, then early in the coming year.

In doing this work he has made large use of versions available

in other dialects, the Cantonese, Foochow and Mandarin, and by

permission, has adopted, with comparatively few modifications, the

Enolish Presbyterian translation of Ruth and II Samuel and a few of

the minor prophets, together with about fifty of the Psalms. In a final

revision, lie has been fortunate in having the new union versions,

both wenli and mandarin, for comparison. Indebtedness to all tliese

for valuable aid is gratefully acknowledged.

He has also been most fortunate in the fact that, in all this work,

he has had the help of a Chinese teacher, Tan It San, who is not only

a competent Chinese scholar, but familiar with the thought and spirit

of the Scripture writings. The advantage of working together from

beo-innino- to end at such a task is beyond the power of words to

express.

CHAPTER XIII

VISITS OF SECRETARIES AND ORGANIZATION OFMISSION CONFERENCE

w Tl'", li.nc l)L(.ii li\iii(.'l uiili •L-\t.-i.il viîtîioiii 'liir Secretaries.

])r, M.iKi': \i>iti(l n> fir^l in iVi)r,. He \\\i^ --'.irjirised at the

\astiiess(if tlu- Tk.M and the needs of the Wiirk. Tlie iiii.ssiouaries

i^n.atl\ eiij'Aed liis \is;i, and were enciaira;:;ed aiul lielj'.ed h\ liis

Cdunsels and snL;L;eslions.

He came fur a second \ iîl in 1907, accompanied bv his niece,

I ir. Cathariiu- I,. Maine, our misMunary in Congoljiid. It was a j iv Vi

hi\e these iniipK' witli n^. Whei; I M'. Mabie talked we were a! w.ny.s

eaiêr t(ir m^ vr. Hi-- tln(|iRnt and Inirnini; words were an inspiration

to ns all.

Ill the same \car with l)v. Maliie's \-isit, the \ear of the Morrison

Centenar\, 11)117, 1 (r--. DiUlois df Cliica.:;!. and Whitnuiri uf 1' >rtland,

( )re;_;nn, midc a \isit td S\vat..\\. A-; none oi ;!ie parte >cnt ont to

vt-present the I/i\nien's Mission 11 \ Move-nienl, liad succeeded in

jêttini; fnim Ilon-kcm- t.> S\\at..\v, l.\ reason of the irre,i,;nlai

steamer service, tlusc twa. bullirrn thoui^^lit it onlv ii^ju tliat some

(.ne shcinld niakr the xisii, .uid tlK\ wa. i e wil'iini; to foiesjo a p.irt of

the Mcnrison nicttin-s m Sh an-hai, in Mrder to conn. Tlie\ h.i\e a

wann ]ilacf in nni nuanciirs \n\ lluii inuie-t in c-

In aecni,lani-e Willi the e\puvsid wi-li ut' tile I'.i'aui, th.it a plan

(.f (ipâni/rd inissiinrs be ojxcn tiial, oill nii-sioii hail bei^llii oi>',ini/.a-

li"ii 111 I' 'I'll' h'llnwini; \rai li;. I'.r.lnnu, who was making; a

li.ni mI III, niisshMiN Ml till iiUrusls of 01 ^,ini/atinn, came to .Sw.itow.

i|,i

\ISITS OF SECRETARIES AND ORGANIZATION OF CONFERENCE I4I

-and lent a hand in getting us properly started in the new method of

administration.

Dr. B.irbonr's second visit was in 1908. Our Conference craft

in its voyaging thus far had encountered a few snags, and we were

ready for ineulightenment on some po'nts. For example "How much

control does the Conference and its committees have over the

individual missionary and his plans for work." To make the matter

concrete this question was put to Dr. Barbour, "Suppose I wanted to

make a dark downstairs room inhabitable for my children's nurse by

cutting a hole in the wall and putting in a window could I do it ?"

The reply was "Nol Not until the Property Committee had passed on it.

and said you could." "But suppose I am not asking for any of the

Board's funds, but am ready to pay for the improvement myself, must

I still go to the committee for permission?" "Yes! Otherwise any

one wdio wanted some change in a house for his own convenience, could

make it, and the house thus fixed over would not better serve the

general mission family." Minor repairs inside of $100 were pernris-

sible, but no changes without going through the hands of the

committee. It is well to have some questions settled. The principle

is one of general ajjplication.

Dr. Fran'Klin too has visited us twice, accompanied on his first

visit by Mrs. Franklin. This is the first time that a Secretary's wife

has come to our field. Elected to the office of Foreign Secretary and

assuming its duties in May 1912 he started in October on a journey to

the mission fields "to review and restate the general policy of the

Society, and to apply that polic\- practically to the details of missionary

administration and work on the field abroad." Dr. Franklin came to

us and presented the program of the Societ}-. We became acquainted

with our Secretary and he in turn became acquainted with us and our

plant and our work.

1 1- IMsTiil;\' III' 'Mil', SillTII illl\\ MrSXdX, SW \'I'(IW

Wikuuii- 1.. li. l'i.iiikl:n al 11. i l

Dr, I'r.niklin's sc( 011(1 \-isit w'.s in 191'''. He ii.ui come tuCliiiia

priiiiarily on account of iiiattcis coiinectel witli tlie CeiUril Chiti.i

Missiiip. Hut the I'jipci tunil\ was iniproxnl of making another \isit

lo South China, and wliilc licic lie was ahlc to make the rather long

liip to Kayini;, much t.i l!ic 1^ lalilication of u> a'.l, ami esptcialU of

the missionavits oi that si-ldoui \ i>itcil >;alion.

At till' {\\\iv of the Jndsou Ccnlennial. anil as a iiiemher of the

Jn.lsou I'ait\ Mis. SalToi,], foi so miiiv \ea;s die Secietar\ of the

Woman's 1-oiei-u Mission Socict\, \;s;uil us on the wav toRuima.Il was a jo\ In lia\e m oui homes one witii wlu.m we had so long

h'l II aci|naiiil(d ihioii.^li ,.ni olh,-ia'. coi lesjvmdence.

'I'hc lasi Sccielan lo m.,| ns w ,s Mis. WHi,. G. rrescott who"''^ '''"'" i'-'"'l"i

1 S:,e was.d/.e to Ms.tevc.v station except

"" I'" ""' ^'li."i:;niii;^. il w,,s a slKiuions ,,,o,^,aui she caiaied out

'""• '''''^ developmenl on I'.isi 11,11 |\„ t],^, ,.,^„]^ ^^f ^,,^, ..j,,,^-

VISITS OF SECRETARIES AND ORGANIZATION OE CONFERENCE I43,

schools, including- the Girls' High Sclicol was one of Ihe important

matters for her consideration. It was a happy circumstance that she

could be present at a part of the sessions of onr Annual Conference.

This gave her opportunity to meet all who attended the Conference,

and there were but few who did not come, and to get a view of the

work of all as it was presented at the conference meetings.

All these visits of the Secretaries have been exceedingly help-

ful, and we are sure the benefit has been mutual. Such visits ought

to be regularly provided for in the future conduct of our missions.

In this chapter in which we are writing of the visitors from.

home it is fitting that we make mention of the visit of the Judson

Party, wdro under the guidance of Mr. Latimer came to us towards the

end of the year 191 3. It did us good to see such a goodly party of our

friends and supporters from the homeland, and to have them visit our

several centres inland as well as at tr.e port. We believe that they

carried awa)' with them as well as left behind with us very pleasant

memories.

The Mission Conference

Years ago, in an old record book, the writer remembers seeing

the minutes of the meetings of the organized mission in Hongkong.

The two men of the mission met and voted to expend a few dollars in

some necessary repairs. How they managed when there was only one

man there, the account does not reveal. This plan of organized missions-

was discarded for man}' years, and has been taken up again within the

last twenty }-ears.

As already mentioned the Soutli China Mission Conference was

organized in the year 1900. It was to meet a need, felt more keenl)-,

perhaps, by the Secretaries at the Home Base than by the missionaries

on the field. With the increasing number of workers, and each directly

Ill III^TnKV dl' Tin: -III III rill\\ MISSION, SWATOW

IT spoiisilili- III llic r.iiTiil it wTis 1X1 LTi.-y matter to keep in mind or to

iinikist. 111(1 llie ul.iti\T iiccil^ 'A tlie work of llie diflerent missionaries,

,iii<i ti) (le-il jiistK' li\ ,il 1.

Tile Conference was ornânixed with the n>ual committees

—

KefeieiKe, I'lnpertx and IJnildin;,', ]{\aiijê!i.^lic, I'ldiicatiunal, Medical,

I, nijîiTiê, etc , etc. At one time it was lield by some that, in order to

a piuper icpreseiitatiuii of its interests, eacli section of the field must

have its nw n niaii (in the Reference Cijinmiltee. It to'jk a numlier of

years tn L;et heMnid that, and tu leaJizL- tliat wiiat was wanted was a

Luininittee ill ide np nf tliuse ulin wmild best represent the work as a

whole ti I the lli lard at liniiie.

Ill llie laiLi \eais ,iii (.-ifort has been made to simplify the

r(ininiitl(.es 1)\ C(i-()i(linati(iii, and a measure of re'.ief lias come to

1 1\ (. rliiiiikiKil wiiikcis who had all their re^^nlar work tTj do, besides the

wiiik (it the e(ininiitt(:i.s. ( Mie missiiiiiary declared that, inchidiiiir

iho.'-e cdiiiRcted with thu Chinese chinch he was serxiiiir on se\enteen

I- 1 Hinnittees.

We have receiitl\ added a W'.nnan s Coir.nr.ttee, and it is with

iinl)(iiiiid(_-d s.iti^factidii that one can >t\ of .-.nnc matter connected with

the woiiijir,> work, "We will ask the Woman's Committee to pass on

lli.it hi:-l " Wives of iiiissioiiarKs ,\iul iIk wciiieii coinin;; under the

Wiiinan > Iluard sei\e with tlie men on the i.'cne;al committees of tlie

Conference.

'idle Conleieiue ha-, in llie coni>e of the \e.iis. met at most (if

the inland slalioiis Chiochow-fu in loop Ka\nii^ in loot-, Chao-\an>;

111 I'll 7, Kil \an<4 wlun ))i. Hailioiii was heie in 1 ouS. I'lans were

"'•"I'- '" 'i'^' il niei 1 al lio p,, l,,il the coiidilion ,,f the connlrv at tlie

'I""' ii'k'c 11 iiMsale 1(1 -o, and it ha'! to he jîveii up. The Kit-yant;

Coiifeieiiee, al the lime of Di. Haiboui's visit was made possible bv the

\1SITS OF SlvCRBTARlES AND ORGANIZATION 01' CONI'fiRliNCl'; 145

fact that Dr. Bixby had just completed lier hospital, and that large

building served as meeting hall, dining room and dormitory.

Now that the mission has grown so large, it is practically

impossible to meet elsewhere than at Kak-chieh for Conference, and even

the compound there is taxed to accommodate the forty missionaries wiih

their children. The children from the inland stations, with no one

except themselves to play with, certainly do enjoy playing with other

children when they meet here.

But while the Conference has come to be limited as to its place

of meeting, it is not so with the Committees. Some of the quarterly

meetings of the Reference Committee are held at the several inland

stations in turn. It is desirable that the members of committees have

opportunity to see the different fields, and to become acquainted with

local conditions, in order to plan wisely for the work.

With the organization of the Conference a greater degree of

responsibility for the carrying on of tlie work has been put upon the

mission—the transfer of missionaries from one field to another, the

designation of new missionaries, the building of houses for missionary

residences, the erection of buildings for our schools. Plans go home,

not as the idea of one person, but as plans endorsed by the Conference

-or its committees.

Quite recently we made another plunge into the unknown, and

:agreed to make trial of the plan of "appropriations in gross."

For some years the Board had been sending out hints and

suggestions about "appropriations in gross." We did not at first take

kindly to the matter, and in 1909 voted "That we express our hearty

;SymDatliy with, and approval of, the present method in the assigning

-of appropriations, and our hearty disapproval of appropriations in

gross." We were not alone in this attitude, for the report of the Board

1 \(< III^Tlll^•^ HI' 'llli; hnl'lll ( ni\\ MISSION", SWATnU'

Sins "The iicticjii ill Smitli Cliiii.i was iiraclicjlK' lepresentalix-e of the

SLuUiiieiit ill all Uu- cohIlk-iko.''

Hut the liuanl iieeileil relief and kept nji the a;;itation, until a

few years after the aiUerse '/ote aljo\e eite'l, aiiuilier \ ote was taken in

fa\ur of ,^i\'iii.L; the plan a trial. The fears felt were not realized, and

the plan seems to be wcjrkiii'^ satisfactorily. Since the Reference

Coinmittee lias h.id the iesjionsibilit\' of apportioning the nioiK\', and

has had experience of the amount I'f time and thoiif^ht recpiired for a

single mission, aiul that too when those who are en:.;aL^ed in the appor-

tioning are familiar with local details, as finance committees in the

United States cannot possibl\ be, we can sympathize with llie Board in

wisliing to he relieved of a task of this soit co\'ering a'.l the fields.

With regartl to the impor.ant responsibiIit\- of locating mission-

aries we quote from the Reiiorl for iiyi5 as follows: " Tlie Mission

Conference or I\eference Committee has the power to Iccate new and

returning missionaries, and to transfer missionaries from one station to

another in case of need, and to arrange for furloughs in regular course,

or on medical certificate, subject onl\- to tinal re\icw and appro\al by

the Board. In a majorit\- of cases, the decisions on the field are put

into effect immediatcl\, and onl\- in the rarest cases has the Board

failed to ratify these decisions."

In general we iua\ sa\ tli.it the Confeience meiliod of carr\ing

on the work of a mi.vsion, although ii w,is .it lu.-t legarded with some

misgiving as to how it niighi woik out. h.is. ,is the \ears have passed,

.instilled ilstir. It h.is iiii(|ue.'.lioii.ibk- .id\ .mliges o\er the individualis-

tic |)laii of woik, with e.u-h mission, ii \ lespoiiMble onlv to a Committeeon the .ilhei .side of llu- -lobe. The .ulded iiKMSiiie of administrative

uspoiiMbiJiiv |„,t npoi, the CoiUeie ee, will e.xpedile and facilitate the

'•'"^"i:^ "" "I iiiission woik, ,iiid will, it Is beluxed, ill future vears be

io,,ked back on .is .m imp,ul,mt foiwaid .step in mi.s.sion administration

CHAPTER XIV

THE EARTHQUAKE

0\'ER two thousand years ago the prophet Amos dated his vision

" two years before the earthquake." That earthquake must

have made a strong impression on hiis mind and the people of liis time.

We \Yonder wliether it were anything like our earthquake of Feb.

13, 191S. If it were r.o wonder that Amos remembered it, and used

it for purposes of dating-. We ma)' not date our present writing-, two

\'ears after, from our earthquake, but we sliall certainly remember it as

long as we live. One e.xperience of the sort is enough for a lifetime.

We hope not to have another. We propose to reproduce here an

account, written at the time, as a personal letter to our friends, and

published in the pages of " The New East" from which we now take it.

"I was standing in irry sun room, where I keep the Red Cross

work, when I felt the floor vibrating. I thought my husband had

come and was shaking the floor to attract my attention, so I looked

around—no one there. Then I wondered who was running the

machine so furiously to make all that noise. I turned again and saw

the machine was still. The noise suddenly increased, and I thought

what in the world have the servants set going down stairs that sounds

like a hundred coffee mills grinding at once. Something called my

attention to the walls, and I saw one wall grinding against another,

and the "coffee" in this mill falling about me. Then I knezv, aad I

just flew down the stairs and out the door and on down the path in

front of the house, glancing over my shoulder to see if the house was

falling, and wondering if I could get far enough, down and away from

the house to escape the walls if they should fall. I never thought of

my 3000 year old pet piece of bronze. I stopped on a terrace and

147

] |S iltSlliKV (l|- l-lli: -ul-lll < IIINA MISSION', SWATOW

luukL-d up aiKl llic hunsv w.is st;m.lin-. lint wlieie \v:is my husband.

I sI.mkI Uku- .mhI ^c•lkMl 111. u.iUK-. Ik- wa> InintiuK^ me. We .-.oon

f,, 11,1,1 ckIi ..tin r, aiKl linm tlie tciiace at tlie .side of the Iiouse, saw our

uciK'lil.ors Willi Uiur .iiiiis aiuiiiid eadi ollicT, will, eves so big and

faces so while, hackiii- ui) a-aiiisl llieir hitcheii wail.

We made our w,in- eaiili.aisly iii-ide the house, and such a siglit!

The clock had sUijiiied al seven miinites after two o'clock, so we knew

when the .shock came. I'ieccs nf plasterin- had fallen in many places,

and al the comers wlicre the hi- cracks were, and aronud the rooms

where the ceiliui,' metis the walls, were piles of t(round up dr> mortar.

Whitewasli kept fallin-. va.ses were rolling around, a piece of bronze

had fallen from off the clock, the horse lyi.ig in one place and his rider

Ml another, .ill lliis ga\e a mule CMmmtiitjr\- on the force of the

shock. The Chinese lio\s soon came dud with broom and dustpan

bei^an to pick up ihc fallen pieces and clean the fine mortar from the

malting ami lU'^s. It was three da\s later before I recalled that there

was a fire in Ihe big base burutr in the lower h.ill, which lie.its the

U]\stairs loeiins. What a merc\ the stove did not falil

It was not long before word c.ime th.U .1 house on the other siiie

of 8eminar\' Hill had fallen ami five of the f.imi'v had been injured

and taken to the hospital, wheie the b.dn so. mi dini of its injuiies. l.>ne

(kies not often luu'e .1 ch.iuce to see .1 house fallen in .in eaitlupiake, so

I impiowd the opporlunily to go o\ei lo see it, 'l"he house st.inds In

Ihe side of the ]iath, within six feet of the iice I'lelds. The whole front

and p.iil (il the side had biUeii, sonie pieces '.;oin^ .icross the p.ith and

on down into ihe luld-. ( '11 the w.w to set this 1 s.iw the giils' school,

(hi ,\bp_;.iil II. Ill Scdlt Mi.noii.il with the flout \ei.ind,i roof all

bi(ik< 11 ii]i .iiid ei.ieks 111 the ill. nil loot ; the siile w.ill ,\iul g,ilew,i\ of a

Chinese house w.is ei.ieked .iiid Inokeii .lud tolUiiug and re.uK to f.ill.

I went lo see Mis. W.iteis ,iiid found her with .i towel around her

THE UARTIIOUAKK 149

head a broom in her hands, helping to dig ont. I thonght my house

was bad enougli bnt liers was far worse. There were bushels and

bushels of broken walls and ceiling on the floor. The kitchen a

complete wreck, except the walls, and the\- may prove to be insecure.

I cannot remember that we said much to each other except "Isn't this

awful!'' It had come so suddenly, and was over so quickl), and was

such a stupendous calamity that we conld not get it into our vocabulary.

Airs. Worley's house may ha\e to lie made prett\- well over-

Great \'awning holes in the ceiling invite \'on to look right up to the

blue sk\'. .\ funny thing happened there. She was awa\' at the time

at Cliao\-ang. She had left her guest bed unmade, with the pillows

along the middle of the bed and the spread over all. One could

imagine a fat man lying there. Along the middle of the pillows was

a row of ceiling mortar, and none an3'where else on the bed, as if a

little demon up in the roof had looked down and thought "there is a

man in that bed, we will do him up all right."

The ladies will have to mo\-e out while the repairs are being-

made, on Sherwin Bungalow. The contractor says that the roof will

have to come off and be all made over. At the corners wdiere the walls

craunched and grotmd upon each other, there are wide cracks, and in

places great chunks of the wall have fallen out. In a few seconds and

all this ruin!

In vSwatow many houses have fallen and as the streets are so

narrow, there was no place where they could go to be out of the way

of falling walls. Alany have been dug out of the ruins. A number of

days ago a society which furnishes coffins to those who cannot afford

to buy, had given J40 coffins awa\-. How many had bought their

own no one will ever know. There are some who have not been dug

out and if we escape a pestilence we shall be thankful. Over on

Namoa Island the chief city is laid low, but the report comes that only

'5" iiisTnin III' i:ir, mm in iiiixa m is.-în-V, swatovv

251. iimplr :nc kilKil, All o\ri llic ilistiict tliere is more or less ruin.

Oiii (iwii stniidiis iiiliiii.l siilT,u-.l 1- s^ than we 'lifl liere, but everywhere

tluic will h.ivi- to lie H|i:iii-. '11k- I'.i-e hoiiê. tlie C:ipeu house and

mil own ,Mc not seiionsU iiijnuil. 'I'he Writers nufl .Mrs. W'nrley and

i1k' ladies of Sheiwin I'.iin-alow aic sletpi n;^ out of doors. Hastview

anil the Krst Hoii.><e escaped with ver\ little dauia^ê. .\11 over tlie

coinpctind are little shacks fi.xL-d up for slee|jinr,^ in. .\ lot of the

wiinifii slciit out on the Iciiiii-. luvn. The Waters family cannot liave

a lire because the chiniiie\' is so d:iinac;L-d.

Clun-rst.' sU (.{.iml; mi I lu I tiiiii-' Chut t. iliimii; the c;mluiuakt: litnc caijy lIlominK,

I'rank b'oslir was crossing the b.*\- and looked round for the

'ûbniariiic th il was li\iiio 1,, lunnp hiiu .uu of the water. Then he

saw a cloud nl' dii^t ii\ri Imlli Swalow .iii.i K.ikchich.

"I"' li"ilniin was s, ill ulT ,u miv-c to bus tiles and lime, andirtunud li.iui Sw.u.iw t . v,i\ ihal .ill h.id bccu snapped up l.\ the local

u<'<ds. ilr \s.ait 1,1 ,,llu) iil.uH,, ,nid f,.,,r,>l lh.it tiles worth the d.iv

'"I""- '1""" ^1 1"! Ihi'ii-md, cmld not be bou-lit at the advanced

I'll'''- "I' >l'\ bil .ill h.id l-eell -nld We llnilk we 111, iv ha Vc to take111''- loan Ihr i..,i| ,,| ih, V, iind.is t.> eo\ e: the lu.iin house. .\nd the

''liililli", 'Pl'''--'i"ii 1-. "Whele Will llu- uioi;e\ Ci Ulie 1 1 1 .111 to Ji.iv for all

this 1 el 111 lid 11 1;.;, .111(1 n p lll.s ?

'

o

CHAPTER XV

MISCELLANEA

Postag:e Regulations in the Early Days.

N the inside page of the Missioiiar}- Magazine for December,

1857, is the following paragraph:

"The Overland JMail to India and China leaves Southampton,

England, on the fifth and twentieth of every month; postage from

England on letters not exceeding in weight half an ounce, twenty-four

cents; and from any part of the United States by steamer and overland

mail forty-eight cents. In all cases letters should be superscribed, "via

Southampton;" if not so superscribed they are liable to be sent through

Frai'.ce with increased postage. Postage in France is levied by the

quarter ounce.''

In these da\s of high cost of living we do not have to pay

fortv-eicrht cents on a half ounce letter. Let ns be thankful for that.

The First Steamship Across The Pacific.

It was during the j-ear 1867 that the Pacific Mail Steamship

Company inaugurated the first steamship service across the Pacific.

It was a notable day in Hongkong when the steamship "Colorado," the

first merchant steamer of over 3,000 tons rounded into the harbor,

after having crossed the Pacific without once stopping her engine.

One of the missionaries in writing of this says :

"California needs labor. A rich and fertile soil they have got.

Mechanical ingenuity they have got. Capital they have got. Brains

•S-iiihKiKv iJi' Tni- SOI rn ( iiina mismmn, swathw

tlicN Iwvf ^ol. lint tlnic is a (lcliciLiic\ lA hiiislIl- for the brains to

direct. Niiw this is just wli.it China can cxjirat to an almost inexliaust-

iliK: clcj^rcf. 'r(jni;h and liaid\ and iudnstrions working-men slie

ran s.nd i.ff 1>\ the hnmlrcd tliousand, and he all the better licrself

for ha\in" ^"t lid ni tlR•^e she cannot feed. It would seem the

r.icihc Cc>niiian> intend tn pnixide special f.icililies for this kind of

eniisiration.

Pung Tai Jin and his Military Work of Pacifying the Swatow District.

About the Ae.ir iSjo th<- whole Swatow ticM was seetliiui; with

sedition and elan feuds. In was unsafe to go aljout t!;e country. It

seemed as if e\'er\ man's haiul was against e\er\- other. Men and

women weie c.ni;.;ht if the\- left their own village or clan, and were

kept for ransom. ( )ne clan fought .mother clan; one \-illage fought an-

other \-ill,ige. ,\t hi.^t it became uid)earable and the .luthorities appealed

to the unlitarx men to p.icif\ the district. (Teueral Faiig or Pung Tai

Jin as he is f.imili irK cdled, a n.itixe i>f I'uning. a district cit\ not far

from Kit\ang, was sent to do this W(nk, Me knew his people and the

language here. He studied the situation, sent his men .ill ai)out the

district to get information, and when he h.id found out .ill he needed to

know, he pc:)nn.:ed down upon a \ ill.i>_;e, 1 mrmd ii, look the leadiui^ men,

and neither friend nor foe e\er s.iw them .i^; r.n. Sometimes he would

inxite the leadim.^ men to ,i li.isi TIkn d.ireCi not refuse. 'I'he\' .dl

knew it w.is the last foiid the i.;iu>ts would e\er e.i!. .\s iliex passed

out his S(.ldieis took Iheni .uul the next d.u thi.ii he. idle.-.s bodies would

JH- 1\ ing outside Thrsw.!-; kept up until he h,id been .dl o\er this

di-liiet .ind .i.MiHi people h.id lu'eu put to de.ith .ind -cores of villages

hid been binned, \\ lu n iu\ husb.iud .ind I look oiii TiksI countivlrip

\ i.silin;.^ .dl the st. it ions in the Kil\ ,ing lield we >,iw ui.nu villages with

"111'' I \\dl Ik le .ind tluie to tell wheie it had been. I'.iit the district

\v:is paeilied, .md w.is ui.ide s.ife to li\e in.

MISdvLIvANRA 153

An Edict afaaut studying Astronomy and Mathematics.

Another interesting event lias liappened. One of our niissioii-

aries writes:

"Herewith I send to tlie Rooms what is one oE the most remark-

able state papers issued in China for a great many years. Its title is, 'A

Memorial hv the Chinese Boaid of Foreign Affairs, setting forth the

arguments in favor of the stud\- of Astronomy and Mathematics, and

Proposing Regirlations to this End' As the reader looks over

the memorial he will take notice how warily and circumspectly they

argue the case, so as not to irritate tlie pride of their people. Note tl;e

false, but cunning assumption that the germ of all western science was

borrowed from China. All that is to gild the pill. But finally their

inferiority to Western nations is clearly admitted, and the remedy is

squarely proposed, which is, study under European teachers."

A Strange Prophecy.

This story told b}- Miss Fielde is taken from the Missionary

Magazine of 1887 :

Some thirty' years ago, a widow died there (Kek-khoi); and as

her body did not become quite cold, she was not put in a coffin, and

after se\'en days she came to life again. After this she worshipped no

idols, but established an altar in her house, and worshipped only the

great heavens. Slie taught a new doctrine, and many came and

enrolled both their own names and those of their dead friends among

her disciples. She said that thereafter foreigners would come and

be the brethren and sisters of her people ; that they would teach in

completeness the doctrine which she taught but imperfectly ; that she

was as a lizard in a well, with scarce room to spread her claws, but

that they woirld be as birds that flew far and spread news widely ; that

'5 1

IIISTdlJV (il" Till', SHITII I lll\\ MTSSIoX, S\V ATOW

.1 t'(iici<;ii lads wdiilil Iniilil a lioiisc uilh an iipjit-r storv, glass windows,

and a \cianda, wluic wniin n \s(;nld he- taiiLjlit, û)^ h\mns, and answer

i|n(.'sti()ns, and tliat tliis linnsc wjidd lia\'e one sidt- toward the niouKt-

ains and imc- t<jwaid tin- sta : that tlifrc weie U) he se\'en daws of

ilarkness preceding a jnd;;nient-day,— a lime when tliere should be

clotlies and nunc wdio wanted tlieni, rice and none to eat it, roads and

none who walked them; that in the indjj;men t-dae a Sa\-ior would

descend from hea\eii to jndi,re all, and th'ise who t>e!ic\ed in liim wotdd

receive a crown ; that afte: the in(h^nnenl tlierc would be a new lieaven

and a new eartli, where iidne wunhl lie sad or sick, (ireat numbers of

the people became her adherents ; anil she wa-. after some fi\-e \ears.

executed as a distnilier of the peace.

Whether she had limn xmie tract or tr.weller obtained a liint of

Chvislian doclvine, (u wlntlier, when in her tr.ince. slie received pro-

]ilietic insight, c iiiiKit miw he known. Ihit wlien the llible-wonien went

there-, their n.-]) nl w,is received .is the fulfillment of a k:'.o\vii nropliecy;

and m iin women s.iid to them. "We h.i\-e been waitiiiij these tweiitv

\eais to luai this '' TIk- Tbblc w onu-ii tt-ll me the\- meet with cordial

rece|)tion in ail the \-illac;es there: ,iiid wh-.n 1 went to the vi!Ia>ês all

the women came (}m and stood in rows on the sides of the n.utow

streets, and lookeil .it me as I passed w itli ,i ijuitt interest which was

\er\' remark.ible.

Buying L.uid.

Meiili.in h.is I Is, wlieie bieii made i^{ the Inniiio of the .niiîual

componnd of .i Mi. i'.oiiinln piiis w,is ,, iMnsietion between two

""'"'"i"^ ""1 "-i-- ' Minple mai'ei, I'nu-hase-s .,( Chinese owners

^vi"' "ll"i all, ndod wilh ,Me It d,-l.,v .in,l ditticnltv. llul.thc cmponn,!

U''|'1imIK v.irw iioni .1 eoinp.iMiivelv sni.ill iH-innin- to its piesent

' 'V 11 ^1 1 b'iii.;li,sh .icies.I inu nsion-

MISCIvLI^ANIjA 152

Miss Fielde added a piece tliat was back of tlie first dwelling

liouse she built. This included the site of Sheiwiu Bungalow, of the

-old hospitals, and of the Abigail Hart Scott Memorial School buildings.

Another addition, on the other side of tlie compound, gave us what is

now the Zigzag Path, with its picturesque windings. Another gave us

the strip where we have the ^Mission Road, and also the boat harbor.

Many and vain were the attempts to get the hillside with A Wang's

house, where is now the nest of Chinese houses, just beyond the Girls'

School. Dr. Ashmore realized the advantage of having an interest in

the brook, that conies down the \alley south of the compound, and

succeeded in securing, south of the hospitnl, the ground between the

hospital and the brook, with a riglit in the brook itself. There were

graves about, not included in the original purchase. One of these

carried with it a consideral)le piece of groiuid. One da}- Dr. Ashmore

saw some people busily working near it, and went over to see what

they were about, with the result that he got from them the entire site,

to add to our lioldings, and the gra\e was removed by the owners. Mr.

Page's house stands partly on tliis ground.

Seminary Hill was bought at a later day, extending up to Eagle

Rock, and a roadway was secured between A Kha's house and the

property of Tan Sin Se, so as to make a continuous connection between

the new property and the old compound.

Tlien Academy Hill was bought, and from time to time several

additions have been made to that, the latest being across the valley,

on the west a site for a new building for the Grammar School. The

spring and reservoir site, to the east, on top of the hill awaits some one

with the money and patience to carry through its purchase and

development.

The Guest House site was another addition, but it was off to

one side, with no connecting link with the rest of our property. The

'S" iimTnin- HI' tin; i^tiiiM iiii\\ NirssKiv, swATnw

iiuu'li.isi' I'l I'.ist I lill, ,it 'JUL- liiiir lii'Mi^lit of ill coMiicctioii willi tlie

ciiLii'^cnKiit <i| Mill iiudUMi WMiU, ami ><>'i\\ aftei of the garden land at

ils hasc, ii]! to lln- liKi'ik nii iliat vidi.-, t,'n\c us a coiitiiiuoiis stretch of

lUdpeitN ill tllis (|liailei.

And what a coni]ii'inid we hi\e' It i> such a hcautiful place

with the old hiiiwii Miks, the uindin;,' ]ialhs, the fcatlicry bamboos

tlKit arch over and swi\ in tlic breeze-, the scra^jfjly old pine trees with

their dark ;^reen leaves, and the banvins witii their c\eri,rreen leaves

and interlacini; roots, which in places seem to hold a -pile of lichen-

covered rocks toi;ethei. ?ili^^ Helen Hunt wlien visiting Ssvatow on

her wa\' to r.iivma said, "I Irid read liescriptions. I had studied pictiire>

and Ihoiis^hl I li id a Ljoiid idea of the Sw.itow Compound, but 110 words

can ilescribe il inn pictures jiortray it."

If the hours spent liN the inis'^ionaries in consuitatioiis back and

fmth, while bnyin;^ projivitN were all added together, it would probabh'

be more than laie niair> lime loi two years with a ten hour day. That

counts oiiK' the time. The cost, in ner\e wear cannot e\eu be

estimated.

Mr. Winyale, the .\nieiicaii Consul, \\,is leaviiiv; Swatow, and as

there was so little Ameiican trade Ikic the consulate was given up.

I'-rom thai time till llie roniiii-^ to Switow of tlie Sland.ird Oil Coui-

])an\-, the (eiman Consul, tlu l''.ii'_;l'.sh Con.--ni, or one of the business

men acted as consul, 11 a>.;ent loi thi. I ir.ti.i .'->:.iU-s.

Mr. Win;.;. lie ownrd ,1 hon-c ,iinl l.uce gioai^ls tui the luind in

K.d^chieh. which lu- olleud toi s.ile foi ,v|,ii,i,>. It w ,is bought for the

mission .ind Mi. .McKuben mo\ed into il m l,innn\. 1 SSo. Mr. T. P.

ChihK ga\e .1 specilic 101 this piopcitv. *i

"Note I — rAii.irl lioMi IM. luiniMn''- Ulti I oi i >, Uiln'r jd. 1 Sq6 : "There i''

nnllinii' 111 lluiiini.ls I.I 111, !Mriilivf e'l'iinnitUr to slui\\ thai 1 'r. Clnl.\'.< money was11 .1 1.

1

1,1 11 1 H. II 1 .vii.lilKm of i.^i u iiiv; I Ills |.io]h il\ lor llie llakl; is."

MrSClCl.l^ANEA 157

Before leaving America, Mr. Aslimo'e, now Dr. Ashinore,

arranged with the Soc'ety of tlie West to have Miss Norwood live with

them, occupying the two east rooms which wem a part of the original

house. The Society agreed to put the rooms in repair, and they were

made more comfortable for the occupant bv changing the kitchen from

the south part of the house to the nortl;. *2

When Mr. and Mrs. Partridge arrived in 1873 from Siam they

had at first lived with ?^Ir. and Mrs. Ashmore, occupying the two east

rooms of the house. When Mrs. Johnson moved to Tang-o with her

school, the pressure here was relieved.

As the church grew in numbers and intelligence in the things

concerning the spiritual life, the need of the Bible in colloquial was

keenly felt b}' the mission. Dr. Ashmore's son seemed to the Society

to be the man to meet this need, and his designation was to Swatow "to

help Dr. Ashmore and do literary work." William Ashmore, Jr. had

received his appointment. The Society said they could send him out,

but could not build a house for him, so Dr. Ashmore offered to build

a house for him, if the Society would allow him to put it upon land

belonging to the mission. Permission was gladly gi\'en, and he began

the house now occupied b\' the son. *^

* Note 2—The writer not many years ago asked Jlrs. Lyall how much money was

•put into the repairs of the house for her. She could not remember exactly, but said

'that it might have been 5200. She had always considered that she had fully used up,

.in her term of service, all the repair money pnt into it by the Woman's Society.

* Note 3—The grave site elsewhere spoken of, on the end of the hill where Mr.

Page's house stands, was afterwards exchanged for the hil!-top upon which the Ashmore

'house stand.s. Dr. Ashmore paid to the Society the difference in value of the two sites.

^^Hf ^, Wy^^^^^^^fc^^ofl

miscc;i,i,ani;a

Elder Po San

159"

The following- report written b)- Dr. Aslnnore is taken from the

Missionary Magazine of 1S87:

Elder Po San is not settled as a pastor. He is a travelling

preacher, visiting aionnd among the stations. He helps lis bear tlie

burden of them, helping to set things in order, and lielping to keep

them ill order. Of conrse, he is liere frequently for consultation.

He reports the success or failure of specific errands on which lie has

been sent; tlie places lie has visited, and the e.xpenses incurred, as well

as the condition of things general!}-.

First, is his small bill of travelling expenses. He left here just

after communion week, and took a round which occupied him about a

month. I give the names of towns, the distances, and the fares by

boat :—

Swatow to Ampo

Ainpo to Chung Lim .... 18

Pau Thai 36

Kiet Ine 12

Chung Lim 33

Hu City iS

Tang Chin .... 3

Toa Ka 12

To Mi 6

Kiet Ine 6

ETie 3

Sai Po 2

Kue Snia 9

Pe Tha 3

Kiet Ine 9

Swatow 35

9 miles, fare 4 cents.

25

8

25

15

2

12

4

3

2

6

6

3

6

214 miles 51.51

I(,d lll>TiiKV lil' Till-; Smi TH I iiiNA MTSSIiiX, swatow

Nixl cdiiic-s tin- w(jik u]'<.it. As a sainjile, I take a record of

Icii (l,i\>, hefîiiniii;; with CliinL.-c Xcw W-ur's day:

—

i.st. At Cliiini^ J,im Llia])(jl, rcliîuiis b(.r\ice lo

,, ,, ,, ,, To Heng Po's Iiuiise, leligionsservicc lo

,, ,, ,, „ 'i'o lie lliiia's Iiiiusf, ., ,,

,, ,, ,, ,, To Sie Liu's lioiiê,

,, ,, ,, ,, To Sistt-r j-vlii's li'jiise ., „

,, „ ,, ,, To Si^tt-r Hoii^''s ]ioii>e ..

,, ,, ,, ,, To (.'hit Sin's li'nisc-,

,, ,, ,, ,, To Sislcr Sai's ll(lllê

Jiul To Tany Su.i xillaj^c, thixc iiiilt-s awav.

,, To woisliij-) at fust house

Tn Kim Hue's iioiise

,, To Lo Chi's liouse

^rc^

miscelIvANEa i6i.

It was a good day's work that was done on New Year's. TheChinese usually feast and gamble on that day. We would have our

Christians observe it, not merely as a pleasant national holiday, but as

-a day of spiritual profit as well. It was Po San's own idea to go

around from house to house, taking with him a company of brethren,

to make calls. After greeting, they had a few words of "doctrine"

and prayer, and tlien "sang an hymn, and went out" to visit another

house. It was a sort of travelling praise-meeting. Really it might be

a good thing to try at home. Who would not like to hear two or

three good singers sing one of tlie songs of Zion on their New Year's

rounds ? Even old "Benevento" would leave a benediction behind it.

Sunday School Work

We must write briefly about our Sunday School work although

the subject deserves an entire chapter.

In the early history of the mission competent teachers for a

Sunday School were few in number. Very likely the preacher or school

teacher was the only one at a station who could explain the lesson. So

the service on Sunday afternoon was often practically another preaching

service, with the Sunday School lesson as the subject and the preacher

.of the morning again in charge.

In more recent years, since tlie S. S. lessons have been available,

in Chinese, an effort lias been made to have the Sunday School here in

the compound a normal training sciiool for S. S. workers. Here men

.and women in course of training in tlie Tlieological Seminary and the

Women's School, together with the pupils of the Academy and the

Girls' School give us an opportunity in tliis line also. Classes for

<S. S. teachers are trained during the week for the work of Sunday,

^hen these trained workers shall go out among the churches in the

iTij iiisTiinY <>:' nil'. Miri'ii tiiiNA mission', SWATOW

coming yo.irs lliey will Ijc able to ^'ive efficient lielp in the Sunday

Schools of these churches.

The success of this work is very largely due to the untiring

efforts of Mr. and .Mrs. Waters. Among other tilings the\- have thought

the children and the >oung people should be taught to give to others.

So on the Sunday before Christmas a service is held on the lawn, as the

only place large enough for all the departments of the school to meet

together. This service is unique. The gi\'iug has distinctl\' Chinese

forms of expression, and some are \er\ interesting, CJne year a class-

bought cotton batting and fastened it on to a bamboo frame to repre-

sent the ass on which Christ rode into Jerusalem. \\ hen called the

class responded b\ leading this frgure in to the stand where the gifts

were rei"ei\-e(l. It took the members of the class a good man\- hours to

make the frame and fasten the cotton on to it, and to fix the wheels so

that it could roll o\er the ground. The cradle roil class sent up their

Thr (.'r;!!!!!' Roll ,,1 I u K.iW.huh Siin.l i

contribution b\ the li.nnls of sonic of the lutlc tots carried in the arms

of Iheii molliei'>. Some cl.i-sts ;.,;.i\e b.isket> of ]H>tatoes and rice,

otiuis puces of elolli wliicli (he I'oica-- SocieI\ couhl make into cloth-

II':-; f"i ihoM- who weie 111 need. One el.;>,s o,i\e Ulone\\ the copper

cash :iii.in..;ril 111 llie sli.ipr of .1 lisli, the pieces of mone\ lapping over

caih olhe: (o upuseiil the scdes. This was m leniembrance of the fish

which the I,oid put on to the lire of coals on the shore of Cialilee.

MISCELLANEA 163

It is with great satisfaction we note the fact that Miss Traver of

our mission prepares the Primary Grade Lessons for the International

S. S. Committee at Shanghai.

Early in 191 7 Mr. Tewksbury representing the S. S. Union, was

with us, and held a S. S. Institute. Our own workers and those from

the English Presbyterian Mission, met together in the Theological

Seminary building, and a most interesting and helpful series of meet-

ings was enjoyed. The workers, both men and women, had gathered

from all over the field. They returned to their homes with full note

books, and held a series of meetings at various inland stations. Our

Sunday Schools have felt the uplift of this Institute.

Chinese Singing

Chinese singing in the native scale is always pentatonic, and

the half-notes in the western scale are a great stumbling block to them.

This was more noticeable in the old days than it is now, because so

many of our present teachers and leaders have been with us. since

childhood, and always have sung our scale. To illustrate, this story

is rescued from the past. In the early history of planting churches

in China it did not take the Chinese long to learn that the foreign

consuls were called to look after the church members when the}- were

not fairly dealt with because they were Christians. A number of

villagers had reason to believe that the officials would be after them

for son:e infringement of Chinese law, so they thouglit they would

claim to be Christians, and hoped to escape. They set aside a room

and fixed it up to look like a chapel with a few books, and were ready

when the officials came for them, They said they could not be taken

to the 3'amen as they were Christians, and under the protection of

foreign consuls. The officials were suspicious of them, and said that

the Christians could do certain things, such as read the Sacred Book

-of their teaching. Ah, yes, they could do that, and one took a Bible

164 iiis'i'iiRv 1)1' Tin; S()i;'jii ciuna mtssion', swatow

and read. "Well, you may Ijl- able to read," they said, "but the

Ciirisliaiis can ])ray.'' Vfs, they could pray, and one went tlirough

with some kiiui of prayer. 'J'lie officials were a bit puzzled, tlien they

thought of tlie singing'. " liul Clirislians can sin^'." Ah, \es, they

could sino;, and they began! It was their undoing. The officials called

a halt and told them that such a noise was never heard in a Christian

chapel. Tlie officials knew they were impostors and dealt with tiieni

accordingly.

During all the \'ears since the mission began the Ciiristians

have been taught to sing our Christian luuins. Man\ of the church

members were beyond middle age when con\erted and often the\' did

not hit that half-tone just riglit, and when the first verse was finished

some of them would end a bit " flat," and start in flat on each succeeding

verse. And by the time a few \'erses were sung it was time for the

leader to call a halt and start them out with the organ again. Some-

times the organ would stop and let them gu on their own wa\ .

Wlien I was in the conntrx' at one of tlie stations of the Kitvana:o

field with my husband, an old man brought his grandson to see nie,

and told me that the bo>- attended the ch.ipel da\' school and was able

to read, could explain what he read, .lud I Hi' how he could sing. Of

course I was interested in the biight little fellow, and asked more about

liim, and said that I was glad he could sing. ".\i .di." the grandfather

said, "he is so smart th.it he cm come out .ind liin>h a whole line ahead

of all the others." I h.id been sitiing iu the looni with the women.

'I'hose old women with llieii dull eves 1 knew could come tnit a half Hue

liehind the school inivs .ind nun in the ch.ipel lonm. It did not leave

them much time to c.itch theii bie.itli between verses. Ihit here was

a 1)0\' who could come out .1 line , die. id of .ill the others.

When Mr. Keiiiii w.is in the .Seiuin.irv iu the United States, he

)iad taken speei.il woik 111 singing, using a modulator. While studying

MISCELLANEA 165

the language here 011 the compound, he helped train the boys and girls

in the chapel after study hours, in the use of this modulator. After

a while some of the boys' school teachers with the aid of the different

missionaries started to learn the tune, " St. Petersburg," singing the

four parts. In time the teachers could sing it alone. Mr. Partridge

could not sing, but always said he thought he could tell the difference

between Yankee Doodle and Old Hundred if he really put his mind to

it and listened. We were practicing "St. Petersburg," Miss Scott helping

the soprano, Miss Dunwiddie the alto, Mr. Kemp the tenor and Mr.

Ashmore the bass. Mrs. Ashmore beating time saw Mr. Partridge

appear in the doorway where he stood as if transfixed until the verse

was finished; then he said, "I heard something unusual and came to

see what it was. I had never expected to live long enough to hear the

Chinese sing in four parts,"

A Stormy Sommcf

To give a little glimpse of what we sometimes experience, this is

culled from a Report for li

"The year lias been eventful. We look back over its history,,

and are thankful that we have got through as well as we have.

"During the first quarter our work went on as usual. We were

all profitably emploj-ed, and were rejoicing in continued success. The

Tono'kino' cloud was gatheiins in the distance, but did not then threaten

x^s But it soon became apparent we were not to have such

a quiet summer as we had hoped for. The little speck of a cloud had

increased in size, and was approaching us. We began to hear the

mutterings of a storm.

"The third quarter will ever be remembered as the stormy

summer. It was stormy, both literally and figuratively. A typhoon

came which smashed all our boats, and made us tremble for our

I a, HISTORY ()!' 'Illlv SOUTH CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

(Ivvclliii^ liouscs. 'I'lurc wMs ,-ilso sonic cliolera to disturb our people.

Then caiiR- tlic I'riiicli tioiililis, lint tlic cliolera abated. We were glad

iKit ti) lia\'c cli(il(,Ta ami tlw l-niuli at (lie same time. Little by little

tile coiintn' was in a fcinunt. 'J'lic excitement became great; our work

was sto|i[)c(l. TIk Christians Ijccame exposed to abu.se and persecu-

tion. ( )iir ])r(.aclicrs could i^ct no hearing; the\- found it perilous to

say an\tliiiii; in puMic. It became unsafe for the missionaries to visit

the ciini.trv. W'e weie one and all forced to staiul on the defensive

:

and, ha\ini^ done all, we cuiild haidlv stand then. 'J'lie snmuier

passed awa\' amid watchin;,:; and warfare. < Mu" chief wcjrk became that

of cheering \\\^ the frii^htened disciiiles^ and advising and lieijMiig them

in the \ations straits in which tlie\ found themsel\-es."

( )ne wiiniau i enieinliei -~ llie duss she h,ul ni.ule to wear on the

.t;nnli(.al in ease we all h.id to ..;.. iluMid, ,is it seeiueil we inij^ht ll.ive to

'!" '''h<' i;iiii1mmI w.islieie iiul we wei e i ead\ Im oo. It was a great

cnnih.il 1.1 Link ,ir.l ell ilie haiheiii .uul kiunv that there was a means"I cse.ipe il 11 liee.iine ueees-.iu In >;,,, Tlu- dicss served a oood

]HI 1 pnsf ,it ]|. iiiic.

MISCELLANEA '

.. I67

Oor Cook's First Railroad Ride

In the year 1892 when Mr. Ashraore, Jr. was doing his country

•work, he noticed a number of red flags along the dyke of the river.

When he left his boat to go to Phu-ie-chi, one of our stations, he was re-

peatedly asked by people who thought he was connected with it, about the

railroad, and he then understood that the flags represented a preliminary

survey of the much talked of railroad between Swatow and Chaochowfu.

The road was finished in November 1906.

From the window of the kitchen we can see across the harbor

and over the great plain that stretches all the way to Chaochowfu.

The railroad to Chaochowfu was finished—and the cook had

been watching the train as it wound its way across this plain until the

landscape hid it from view. In times past the cook, then a boatman, had

guided the house-boat up the winding river against the current, and of-

ten against the wind, and sometimes it took two or three days to reach

Chaochowfu. Rethought he would enjoy a trip up this mysterious fire-

wagon road. So my daughter and I put up a lunch and we all went

across the bay and took rickshaws to the railroad station. I gave the,

cook some money, and told him to get the tickets. He came back with

first class tickets for the three of us. He was out for a trip, and he in-

tended to doit in style. He had no intention of being separated from us.

Most of the Chinese got on the third class carriages, but he

escorted us to the first, and on its cushioned seats we found a comfort-

able place to view the landscape, and settled down to await the start.

He looked so satisfied, just as if he intended to enjoy those cushions all

the long way to the end of the trip. We started slowly, turned thei

corner and headed north. The wheels turned faster, he tried to see!

•out of both sides at once. He grabbed the seat in front, and looked

this way and that, trying to keep track of the villages he knew so

i6R ifisi'oRY fi:' Tin-: ^•)^Tl( china mission-, swatow

well. As the train slowc-<! ilowii, Am-po was called by tlie guard. Out

came his wateli ! Oiih so many miiuites since we started, and here

was Am-jxi ! Ah! It cert.iinly was clifTercnt from poling a boat up

the stream. We .started on. 'i"he cushioned seat had lost its charm.

He sat on the seat arm, almost climbed o\'er the back to keep track of

the i)laces. His long braided queue swung ronnii from side to side as

he dashed from one to the other side of tlie train. He clutched his

round skidl cap as he got half wa\' out of tlie window to see. APaugklioi !—half-wa\- and more to the cit\. He was so e.\cited he

could hardl)- talk. vSoon Chaochowfu was reached. The l)road grin of

amazement and enjoyment soltered down as we sot out of the train and

he realized that in tliis short time we were reall\ at Chaochowfu.

.Ml me' What if he had bought a third class ticket for himself,

and I had lost all that fun watching him take his tirst ride in the rail-

road train.

Balancing: the Cost-

Mr. .\sliinore had been out with his band oi e\angelists preach-

ing ill the villages of his field. The\ had all returned tu their boats

wearv ,ind wcîru from their long walk

and thf d.u's \vo;k. Mr. .\slimore from

his bcMt lie.ud t';;e iTtachers in ani-

m.itcd liiscussiou .diout something that

seiined to be inieresting them. The

pitMclKis were sitting out on the deck

tnjoving tlie coo! of the i.\eniug. Cliai

Xî .'-îii-c- was -pcikiug. l"reel\ trans-

lUcd tins i-~ the uuMuiug of what he

-.lul " Xow wh.iidoxou think, oUier

.ir,d xoiniijci luotheis, is the best plan to

Mi.ri, iM ,, ,. ,. . ,

tolhiw • \\ f li.iNc iiiaiu miles to walk' hllih, II llu- iMiin «ln. lluLuKc-.l , . ,,

HirC,,,! .Is we go houi xill.igL- to village and it

MISCBIXANTJA 169

is hard on our shoes. If we walk in our shoes we wear them out

and have to get new ones or have the old ones tapped with new

foles. That costs money. Now if we take our shoes off and walk

barefooted it wears out the soles of our feet, and we have to eat moer

rice to reproduce this worn off skin, and the rice costs money. Which

do you think, brothers, would be the cheaper way for us to do ?"

There those preachers, weary with the nervous strain of

meeting the objections from crowds of indifferent people, sat and

discussed and enjoyed it all, as the laughter testified.

The Chinese Servant who slept in a Foreign Bed.

Let us forget about facts and dates and the opening of stations

and recall one little incident to show that China is chansing^.

Mr. Kemp was away at some of his country stations and was-

not expected home for some time. Mrs. Kemp and the children were

in America, so the house was alone except for the servant left in

charge. Mr. Kemp however, arrived in the city late at night, before

he was expected. He went to the big gate and knocked, and got no

response. Continued knocking brought no one from the gatekeeper's

lodo-e, so he went around the outer wall of the house to a window

where he could look into his sleeping room. To really appreciate the

story one should have seen Mr. Kemp's face as he told what he saw.

There lay the Chinese boy nicely cuddled down in Mr. Kemp's bed,

his head resting so peacefully on the white pillow.

He was finally aroused and got out of bed, and in answer to

why he was there explained by .saying. "Sinse, I did not know you

were comino- home tonight, and 1 did want to know how it would

seem to put a suit of pajamas on and to get into a foreign bed with

springs and a mattress, and to lie between two white sheets and sleep

with my head on a soft white pillow.

170 lll^'loHV (II' llli; Sdli'J'U CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

The Dorcas Society

IMciitioii lias Ik-cm iiiailc (if the ]aT^c iiimiber of old people who

liad come into llie (liiinli ; iiiaii\' of lliem were without worldly goods.

As they j,'rew old and iiilhni ll)e\' were often in want. Tlie natural

Chinese way would ha\e liuen for tlieiu to beg from door to door, but

the clinrch tlKni^hl it (jii-lit to care for its own needy Christians. The

poor oUl bodies often neided c!(jthing as much as, if not more than,

they did food, and to meet this form i.f need a Dorcis Society was

organized in 1894 with a n}embei>liiii of about ^i.\ty. Some gave

uione\-, while others ga\e their wauk. Motu than fifty garments were

made and gi\en out the lir.st year. Co))tribntions of old clothes are

verN' welcome, and are used as they are, wr ukkIc over for the children.

This form of good wank h is apjiealed to some of the heathen about us

who ha\'e a.sked U> haxe .1 share in it.

There has alwa\.s been one foreign lady on the couimittee. while

all the others are Chinese who ha\-e ihuie good work in planning and

making th.e Dorcas Soci(.t\' the efficient exiires.sion of Christian activitv

that it is, in our church life.

The Old Folks' Homc

As lime went one theie were a nnmher of stranded Christians

who were too old to conliniie in tluii wi ik ,ind \et had no homes to i-o

to. Whal s||,,ii!d In- done with iheni.-' if ,\ honu- for old worn out

ministeis .md t'hiisti.in woikeis is needed in Auu'iic.l, snreK' the need

In le IS e\en u le.itc 1

.

MISCELLANEA 171

Chu sin-se, who was for so many years a helper in Dr. Scott's

hospital, took up the matter and did more than any one else to make

the Home, which was pnt at Kityaug, a reality. Tliere it stands—not

far from the hosptial and foreign residences—an object lesson, to all wlio

The Old Folks.

pass that way, of what the church does for its poor. If you go inside

you will find a happy lot of old men and women who have found a

home in which to spend their last days while waiting for the last call.

A Light For The Darkness.

Many of the early converts were from the middle-aged and old

people. ]\Ien and women who had been groping in darkness gladly

heard this positive teaching of a God of love and tenderness who wanted

to save all men. Old men and women who said, "Beyond the grave it is

all black black, dark dark,'"' lieard with unspeakably glad hearts of this

new teaching, and many believed it.

What a wonderful experience it was to exchange their "black

darkness" beyond the grave, peopled with the spirits of ancestors, who

must always be placated with gifts offered them by tlie living, to keep

them from harming their own descendants,—to exchange all that for

this glorious bright and happy future with Christ in heaven, a future

after death where there is no more want, no pain, no sickness, no blind

eyes and no heart longing unsatisfied.

17- inSTriHV OF Tin; SOI.'I H CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

1m1l-(1 awav in a /.inc-liiKil box this little leaflet lias been preserved.

It was written !>\ I'r. Asliinore, Sr., aii'l is <^ivcn entire :

Slip Xo. 8&

The Old People! The OW People!

Help Save The Old People!

SiN( i: our r>;i|)li.sl .Mission was slai'in] ai Swaiou thcrr have

been Itaiiti.sed iulo its iiicnilirrshi|i KITO ]h'i>ons. ()iii of

these no less lliaii"!~>7 haM^ Iiim'u haiitis-d afti t rh.-y w.-i-,-

six'ty years ohl . Thi'ir a^es arc jiicknl rjin. in order, from

tlie chuvch record and are i-o|piiMl. ijiari oi ihi-n. ', here. But

why not " iiniip" them and saM' room'.' I lou'i wan! io hinii'

them- In order Io j;ct an ini|iression ot nnndiriv uno must

sec Humliers, cscn if he does noi read tlicm all.

7^1, HL', (M, (U, S2, (;l, !i7, (i!l. 71, 711. 71. e.n. i;ii

i;-_', (i.'p. 71, (12, 7ii, 7l', C'.s, (W, 71. 711. 7'i. '1,1. I,,".

7'.i, 71^, 'il, 7s, .S2, (I!!, (;i>. 77. c^. lii'. 7l', I'l. r.l

(;2, (io, (;S, (;:!, c,:^, 7i(, {\-2, cn, (;-j. (,i. 7.">, os, ii',v

(i."i, til, 7.S, 7."), CL', 7!'. (i'L 71. d". 1;,-, 1.1. r,o. til.

(iL', <;i, (;;i, ci, 7(t, 7i. 7-j, t;!i, n-j, 7^. 711. t;i, i;i;

(11, (i:!, (ic, i\-2, 7_', 7."i, (III, tis, 1;::. I'll, 71)^ i;7^ r,7

(ill, (I'j, SI, CO, 7(1, 1; I. (ii, (.,"1, (;_'. 7:;. i;i, (ij,':

(i(, (i-_', (ii, (id, (i,s, ;•_', ,si (,:i (;o. (.{i, i.j n-j li'i

(ill, (il, (i'.i, (il, (i7. (il, (IS, III, 7 1, 7(;, 7 1, lil. 7 1

ii>^, (il, (ll, 71, (ii. (ii, 7-_', 71, 7i;, (.:;. lii;, 1:7 71

7-, (il, 'iS, (il, 7.;, 7 7, (id, (id, 7d. 77, (I'.i, (is, 7|)

• '-', (il, (i--', (i:i, ss, (ij, (17, liJ, tid, i;o 71, 7|_ 7 1

<id, (is, (i.-,, 71, 71, 7d,

,Ii".

miscellanUa '

173

There we must stop. Our Chinese priutei- has uot type

fuoiigh. That is about tAvo-thirds of the list. Tliere ai-e

over a huudred more- Look at the .seventies amoii;,' them.

In the whole list are 98 entries ot p^n-sons baptised at 70 and

upwards. And e\en tlie eighiies—there are a few of them

also 82, 84, 81, 83, ST.—There would be more of them whohear the gospel iu their villages but canuoi get out to be

baptised. The very last one baptised was liie person aged 87

just named. Let no one say the old people cannot be reached.

They can, and that is one of the glorious facts disclosed by

village preaching. These old folks have great claim on us;

they may be old idolaters but they are not gospel hardened.

They appeal to us piteonsly. They will soon be gone. It is

now or never. Thank <jod for an old folks gospel, and

blessed be the older Saints who furnish the means to help,

here and elsewhere, those who go round with the gospel to

hunt (hose old folks up. Many care for the young; not so

many are concerned for the aged.

W. A.

Changes of Name.

At tlie time the Mission was transferred from Hongkong to

.'Swatow it was known as the Tie Cliin ^Mission. But the Committee

in Boston thought best to give it a more inclusive name, and decided to

.<1esignate it as the Soutliern China Mission. Later another ciiange was

made to Soutli China Mission, wliicli is tlie name at tlie present time.

A

CHAPTER XVI

ROLL CALL

THE TIE CHIU FIELD.

Rev. William Ashmore, D. D.

FTKR liis colle<,^e ctjurse at Granville, Oliio, and hi,> theological

course at the C<)\ino;tijn Theolo^'ical Institute, Wiliiaiii Ashmore

took chartre of a small clnircli at Hamilton, ( )liio. During his 6rst year

there, 1840, he ap]ilieil for apiinintment fur foreign mission service under

the American r.ajtti.st Missionary I'nion. He was accepted as a

luissionarv and was present at the I!nfT,ilo meetings of the Society iu

i8so. (Jn August 17 he sailed with his wife, Martha Sanderson, of

Brookline, Massichusetts, Un hi> tleld in Mangkok, Siani, via the Cape

of Good Hoi)e and Hongkong. Mi^s Sanderson was the oldest daughter

of Daniel Sandei>()n wlm fcu' main years was a member of the Executive

Committee uf tlie Missionary Union.

]{arh- iu Jaiiuarx 1S31, Mr. anil Mr.-. .\>hmore arri\'ed in

Hongkong and sikiu .d'ter >aikd lor ll.iuj^kok. In J,uiuar\- I S5S he

returned to 1 Ion;..;k(>ni_; with liis f.nniix and a', once began to discuss

with i\Ir. Jdhn^on the .id\ 1-- iliilil\ of ir,ni>feii ing the mission to the

mainland. Mr--. .Xslnniue nu .icc.ninl oi broken hc.iith saiknl for home

lu Marih with lui two eliildun .uul lu couii\in\ with Mr. and Mrs.

Johnson. .She died on the w.n ,iu.l w is biu'.ed ,U >ea. Mr. Ashmore

made ,1 \isil lo .Sw.iiow .md scul home to the Ho.iid his repiul fawning

the liansfei of the Mi^mou to th.it pl.iee. t )ii the slienglh of this report

he w.is ,iiillion/ed \>\ llie i'.o.iid in jnue iS5i) to leuune to Swatow.

'I'hi.s wind w.is uiiived 111 SepteinlKi ,iud he beg, 111 his preparations for

the eh.inge but illness pieveiited the e.lining out of this plan. Upon

'74

Mrs. Eliza IJinilevy AshmoreService on the Swatow field, sixteen years.

Mrs. C. A. AshmoreService nii tlie Swatow field, nine years.

1/6 HISTORY r)l» TF-lf. ^(ii Til ( IIINA MISSION, SWATOW

tlic iftiirii to Hoii^'kon^' of Mr. .uid Mr-. Joliiisoii in December 1859, he

loft on fnrloiif^h s.iilin^ in January i.'^'jo, in company witli S. Wells

Williams who was Sccrtlary of the American Legation in Peking,

lie returned to China witli his wife, nee Kliza Diinlevy, in 1863 coni-

in^r to vSwatow and living first at Double I^hiul. He removed to

Kakchieli in 1864, and again went home on furlough in 1875, Mrs.

Ashmore having preceded him. He returned to the field in December

J 877. In March 18S5 he had to take .Mrs. .\shmore to America in the

liope of saving her life, but she died in Jnlv soon after reaching home.

()n September 4, 1S90, lie married Mrs. P.rown of Y<jkomama.

As I read in these musty old volumes his reports of the work, I

am impressed anew with his fairness and nobility of character. He was

so careful to share with his associates, Mr. Johnson, and later Mr.

Partridge and Miss I'ielde, and with the Chinese workers, an\ success

that may liave been achie\ed during those earlx . hard and strenuous

years. .And the hours uf wmk he put in! His was no eight hour day.

Tiie street preaching, the ir, lining of preachers, the looking after the

babes in Christ wdio neede.i careful feeding, the calls for svmpathv

•when these poor weak believer-^ were persecuted for accepting wliat he

had preached to them, the oiiening of new Nations, the care that no old

custom be carried into the church that m .ifui \i.us might make the

structure weak becau.se of a (law in the foundatum—all these things

impress one as he reads. Head tirc>i and lieart sore over some

lapse in one of the conveils f,om wIumu he had cviveted belter things,

he would seek the open .indduect the coolies in ni.iking roads or plant-

ing trees, .11 luok .illei tlu building ..f houses m chapels or whatever

needed to be <lonr jiiM tlun. When ,nt puaching in the villages he

might open the w.iv In, ., I.uii.llv leceptmn ..| liis n.essage by .idniir-

ing a big banvan tue of which he would j^urchase a limb. He would1lien h.iv<- ins bo.itnien cut it oil while he was preaching elsewhere in

ROI,I, CAI,!, 177

-the village. These liinbs, planted in the compound, bound all around

with ropes of rice straw, and daubed over with mud to keep them moist

while taking root, are among our finest banyans.

He translated Genesis with some help from Miss Fielde, and

also a number of the epistles of the New Testament. His pen was ever

read)' for articles about all phases of mission work, as well as on the

trend of thought in the United States. For years I think no mail

arrived from America without some article from his pen in one or more

of the papers. He published many leaflets about the work, for distribu-

tion in America, and later wrote larger pamphlets, "My Four Bibles,"

"Stones in the Rough," etc.

The Mission was fortunate to have as one of its first workers a

man with such a brain and such a vision, with such a generous, noble

heart, and such a belief in God and Christ, and the Bible as God's word,

with such vividness and confidence of belief that he could impress it

upon others, Chinese and missionary associates, and make them see and

accept the vital truths he presented.

Of the fifty-one years from the time of his first arrival in China

to the time of his last leaving, nine were spent in Siam and Hongkong.

Two of his furloughs were longer than usual, one of three years when

he was detained at home on account of the civil war^ and the other

when he was Home Secretary of the Society. His first term was ten

and his second twelve years long^ After his last return from the field

in 1902, his pen and voice were ever active in the cause of missions.

He died at the home of his stepson, Dr. Nathan Brown, in Toledo

April 21, 1909, sixty years after his appointmentby the Society.

Service on the Siam and Hongkong fields, nine 3ears.

Service on the Swatow field, thirty years.

I7S IHSTORV (II' TIIIC SOUTH CIIJXA MISSION', SWATOW

Rev. J. W. Johnson and Mrs. Johnson.

Mv. and Joliiisoii sailed from America (Jctober 13, 18^7, and

joined tlie Ilon^^kono; Mission. Mrs.Jolmson rlied June 9, 1S4S, after a

brief illness. Mr, Johnson lemained in Hon;4kon^ until his furlough

in the Near iI^vS, when he left the mission in Mr. Ashmore's care. He

returned to the field in 1N59 arrixin:^^ in Houf^kong December 24. In

June of the followin;^ \ear lie remo\ed to Double Island and carried

out the instructions which Mr. Ashmore hac] recei\ed from the Board,

but which he had been unable to carry out on account of his illness.

]\Ir. Johnson married for his second wife a lady from Holland, probably

in 1S51.

After the purchase of the Kakchieh compound, lie came up from

Double Island and bought a house in the back street of Kakchieh in

which to li\e while iMiildiny; the house now known as Middlemarch.

He was one ol the tliiee men who did the pioneer work here, and helped

to lay the foundations of llie mission.

He died ill 1872 of apoplex\. nf the twcnt\-four \eais from

his first arrival in China, he spent eleven ,U Hoiigkoug. about four away

on two furloughs, and nine at Swatow.

Mrs. Johnson was actue in gir]>' scliool wojk bulh here and in

Hongkong. She remained a short time aliei liev husband's death, and

retired from the Swatow lield 111 1S71.

Service on tlu- v'-^watow field, ten \eais.

Rev. R. TiUord .u-.d Mrs. Telford.

!\Ii. and Mis. Telloid .sailed fioiii .\iiieiica bVbruary r :^. 1854 for

I'.aiigkok, ,"^1.1111, .111,1 aiiived June 2|, alter "a quick and pleasant

pa.ssifge (if one liundied tliiilN-one days." Heie they worked as geiieiaV

ROLL CALL 179

missionaries for the Tie chin people until the transfer to Swatow in the

year 1863. With loss of health they sailed for America in May, 1864.

Service on the Swatow field, one year.

Rev. H. A. Sawtelle and Mrs. Sawtelle.

Mr. and Mrs. Sawtelle came out with the Johnsons when they

returned to the work in Hongkong, December 24 1859, and remained

in Hongkong while the Johnsons went on to Swatow. In April they

too removed to Swatow. But after five months here, with shattered

health they returned to Uie United States.

Service on the Swatow field, counting both, one }ear.

Miss A. M. Fielde.

Miss Fielde sailed December 19, 1965, for Siani where she arrived

in July, 1866. She expected to join Mr. Cliilcott in his work there,

but found only an empty house and a grave. She remained in Siam

for a few }'ears and left Bangkok in November 1871 for America and

later came back and joined the Swatow ]\Iission in February, 1873. She

prepared and published First L,essons in the Swatow Dialect, A Dic-

tionary of the Swatow Dialect, an Index to S. Wells Williams' Chinese

Dictionary—this with the help of Miss Norwood—Pagoda Shadows,

and a number of leaflets for beginners. With Dr. Ashmore's help she

prepared a Compendium of the Four Gospels and a hymn book. She

began the woman's work and opened a woman's school and a boarding

school for boys. In all this she had Mr. Ashmore's invaluable help and

cooperation which contributed largely to the success of her work.

She left for the United States in 1882 not expecting to return to China,

but when the woman's work was unexpectedly left with no one to

oversee it, she returned in 1885 for another brief term of service.

Service on the Swatow field, twelve and one-half years, ^

i8o iiisToNV ni; Tin; sm tii ciiin'a mission, SWATOW

Rev. S. B. Partridge and Mrs. Partridge

Kcv, S. l; I'.ll 11 i.luc Mr-, :.I. K. i:,;l:i^^

Mr. and Mrs. Paitiidiê were first sent to the Tie cliiu work

ill Siaiii ill the \ear iS68. 'Idiey were transterred to Swatow in March

1S73. Ill addition to liis coniilry work and care of churches. Mr.

Partridi;e hel].ieil in teaching the tlieoloi;ical class. He served as treasurer

for many years and was ;ilw'a\s ready to do his fiill share of all the

odds and ends that come to e\er\' niission.ir\' in iêner.il e\ aiigelistic

work. He translated into tlie vSw.itow eoHoqni.il .i considerable portion

of the New Testament, the (lospels of M.ilthew, l.'.ike and John, The

Acts and several of the Mpislles; he m.ide a tiist vli.ift of Re\elation

which was afteuvaid lexised .lud completed b\ auollier.

In iSSj Mis. I'.iitiidLê died. In iSSj he took his two little

li(i\'S hdiiie and ulniiud in the f.dl with Mis. M. \'.. r.utlidj'e. In

iS()^ he went limine (|uiio liinken in IkmUIi, luit after a Ioiil;' vacation

he leliiiiird 111 iMi',^ .11 .1 time when the mi:Mon >_;reatl\- needed

leinloiceiiieiil, .iiul uin. lined until iijoS. Mi. railrid>'e had seen

ROhh CAU, l8l

service in the civil war as an officer in the Signal Corps, and the

soldier spirit of devotion was a marked featnre of his cliaracter. He

was a most congenial man to work with.

Of the forty years from his first appointment, four and one half

were spent in Siam, and twenty-two and one-half years in the Swatow

Mission.

Mrs. Henrietta Partridge reopened the girls' school after it had

been closed on Mrs. Johnson's retirement from the mission. The

school had hitherto furnished everything for the pupils, but now that

the church was getting well established and the value of the education

of girls was acknowledged by the Chinese, it was decided to put a part

of the burden upon the parents, and Mrs. Partridge opened the school

with new rules, carrying it on successfully until her death.

Service on the field, seven years.

]\Irs. M. E. Partridge continually shared with Dr. Partridge in

his large country work, and for a considerable time when others were

away she had charge of the girls' school.

Service on the field-thirteen years.

Rev. W. K. McKibben and Mrs. McKibben

Mr. and Mrs. McKibben came out to the Swatow Mission in the

autumn of 1875. His first work was in the Tie chin dialect but after

six years he was, in 1S82, at his own request, transferred to work for

the Hakkas, and was the first missionary of our Board to that branch

of the Chinese people. He located at Mun-keu-liang, an outgrowth of

our station at Peh-thah, and built dwellings for his family and for

Miss Thompson. After two years he returned to the United States and

severed his connection with the Mission until in 1895, when the station

I 82 lUSTdKV (II' TIIK SOUTH CITINA MISSION, SWATOW

was reduced to one man, he was asked to return ar.d did so, reaching^

Swatow ill luiic (if tliat \car. Mrs, McKibbeii came two }ears later.

They finally ictiiined to the United Stales in I 900.

Mr. McKihhen, ser\'ice on the field, thirteen years.

Mrs. McKibheii, ser\'ice on the field, eleven years.

Miss Mary Thompson

Miss Thompson came in i SjA and spent one term 011 the field.

She was first associated in the work with Miss l-ielde aud Miss

Norwood, helping- in the woman's scliool and countr\- work. She

learned the lanouage very readily. When ihe McKibijens were

transferred to the ILikka work .slie went with tliem. .She left for home

in the sjiriii<; of 1 SSv

Service on the field, ei''ht and (uie-half \-ears.

Miss A. S. A. Norwood.

Aliss Norwdiid came with Pr. and Mrs. Ashinore when they

retnnied fnun furlmij^li in December

1877, After one term on llie held

she returned to the United States

and then went to Ivaj^land In niirr\-

Dr. Ly.dl of the l'ji^;]ish I'le^ln lei i.m

Mission. She wis a v.lined woiker

in that missidii till the time of hei

de.ilh in l()iS. She ie(U;.;.ini,-ed lUli

.girls' .schiKil ami did miieh \\,\ik mthe couiilr\-, and in the absence nf

Miss iMelde, h.id ch.iii^e of ihe wo-

man's woik b ilh iinoiio the chinches

and ill Ihe i-oiniioinid. She helnedI Mrs. S, .\, I.yiiU

ROLL CALL 183

Miss Fielde in making the Index to Williams' Dictionary, and wrotefrom dictation many articles and reports for Dr. Ashmore when hecould not use his eyes on account of opthalmia. She closed her

service in our Mission in 1885.

Service on the field, seven and one-half years.

Miss C H. Danielh, M. D.

Dr. Daniells came in 1878 hoping that her medical work would

help to effect an entrance into Cliao-

-chowfu. It was not in the orieinal

plan that she should open medical

work at Kakchieh. But shut up to

the compound, and with ever increas-

ing calls she began the work here

and built the first small hospital.

She suffered much from ill health

and after one term of service returned

to the United States in the spring of

18S5.

Service on the field, six and one-half

years. ^Uss C. H. raniells, 5r.D.

Rev. W. Ashmore, Jr. and Mrs. Ashmore.

Mr. Ashmore, Junior, and wife left America late in the 3'ear

1879, and arrived on the field January 29, 1880. Mr. Ashmore's

commission from the Board was to "go to Swatow to help Dr. Ashmore

and do literary work." He had made special preparation in Hebrew

i,S4 lllS|'^K^ di' 'riii-; south ckina mtssion', swatow

nudi'V Dr. ()sj;()ih1 (jf llic Koclicslcr Scniiiinry, for tlie work of transla-

ting tin- ( )1(1 Tc^tainciil. Ik- is just now getting this life work pnt

lliion;;li the ]iress. He has had to do all sorts of mission work, even

to ihe drud;4er> of mission treasnrer at different times, while his

translation had to he pnt aside. Dur-

ing the nearly fi'rt\-one years since

coining to Swatou' he has been home

fonr times, including the short fnr-

knigh when he went as delegate to

the Xewtun Center meeting in the

spring of 1917. 0::e furlough was

prolonged a year c.n account of the

Boxer troulde \\).<.n n.o nn'ssionaries

were sent out.

Service on tlie field, thirt%-one

li^-v. W, .Asliin.iic Jr. .nunri-.v A.-.liniu,t\ears

Mrs. Ashmore took charge of the girls' hoarding school just

hefore the dealli (jf the first Mrs. Partridge eari\ in iSS_>, and when on

the field, had char-e of it for twelxe \ e.us nntii. m the fall of 11)04,

Miss Wehl c.inie out with her, the hi>l icachci foi the school sent out

In' the Societ\.

In Ihe na;ni,d giowlh .ind de\clopnient >'i ihe church it fell to

liei lc) intiddnce ihe p.ivmg nf fee.-- and the .st, 11 ti ng of ila\- schools at

<-(>nnli\' sialinn^. This w.is ,1! a lime when the chinch did not as yet

uali/.e ilsdnl\ lc lis wnineii ,iiid uirls.

Sei\ice (Ml ilic held, l\\ent\-si.\ ,nul orc-li.df \ears.

ROI,I, CAI,I, I!?:

Miss M. A. Bo22eII.

I\Iiss Buzzell arrived December 5, 1S84. She acquired the lan-

guage very readilv. She was able to

help in the woman's school and had

begun couMtrs- work, first with Miss

Fielde and then alone with only a

Bible-woniau with her. It was on

one of these trips that she gave all

her quinine to some poor old sick

Chinese woman, and \\lien she needed

it herself she had none to take. The

cold she took at that time soon

de\'eloped alarming s\mptoms and she

was ordered home at once, and left us

in Ma}' 1SS7. She gave promise of

being a very valuable worker.

Miss M. A. liliz

Service on the field, two and one-half jears.

Miss Clara Hess.

Miss Hess reached Swatow on Christmas day 1886. She began

the study of the language under Miss Fielde's special supervision, using

her "First Lessons." In January 1889 she married Rev. J. M. Foster.

For a time she had charge of the woman's work, not only the field

work, but the woman's school also, and at one time had the care of the

girls' school.

Sometimes when the open doors beckon on all sides of us we

wish we could divide ourselves up and enter them all. Mrs. Foster has-

isr, IIISTnrfV f)I'' TlirC SOLJTII CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

tiii'il the lalU-r ]i1mii, ;mi(1 tliicc of licr six cliilrlren have already seen

service (Ml the mission Ik-Ms. One, after a sliort term of ser\'ice, lias

returned to the United Si lies for further preparation; two are still

in China.

Faniil)' cares have kept Mrs. Foster in Anienci uincli of the time

during; the later }ears.

Service on the field, thirteen and one-half yeir-\

Rev. J. M. Foster, D. D.

Ktv. J M. l.\,slr Ml- loslcr

Mr. iM.slei .ini\e(l ,it Sw.itow J.mu.iiN |, iS-^S. He had earlv

exi>eiic'nre of ll,e vailed ,iud lie.n v u spoiisil„lities of the uii>sioiiarv,

^'" ""'^' "'""" ""^' ^^" '''^' '"-^ -"iival f.nlino health eonipelled the

''"""''•'' '" '^""" '" "'' ri'ited Sl.ites e.irlier than had been

expeele.l, and Mi. Iv.sUr \v,is left the oiilv in in in ehar>-e of the

ROLL CAU, 187

-work of the Tie-chiu department. Y\t that time this work had

not been subdivided, but was all carried on from Kakchieh as

a center.

When Mr. Speicher went from Kityang to Canton, Mr. Foster,

after many years of residence at Kakchieh, moved to Kityang to take

charge of that large and important field. He has also had oversight

of the work in Siam for a considerable number of years, making

frequent visits to Siam during that time.

While living at Kakchieh he shared in the work of the

Theological Seminary, in addition to having charge of a considerable

number of outstations.

He married Aliss Hess in January iSSg.

Service on the field, twenty-one and one-half years.

Rev. J. S. Norvell and Mrs. Norvell.

Rev. J. S. Norvell Mrs. Norvell

Mr. and Mrs. Norvell joined the Mission in February 1889.

After a short time studying the Tie chiu dialect they were at their

1 88 iiisiiiKv oi' Tin: siii'Tir rriiN-A mission", swa'i'ow

own m|iirsl haiisfciic.l lo llic ll.ikk.i (k-ixii tiiient. Failing liealth

soul. IIk 111 liDiiiL- ill I Si)i

.

^fr. NorvL-ll, s(.-i\ice (ni the field, two years.

Mrs. Norvell, service on the fieM, two \ears.

Dr. A K. Scott.

l)r. .Scott be;:^:iii iier ^lis.^ion life

in Ass im. Sonietiine after the death of

iier lir.sbaiul slie ret\irned to America

anci studied medicine. Wlien her chil-

diLii Were ;4rown, she came to our mis-

s;iiii ill iS,'<g. Slie 'io"k up the medical

\\(>ik and ma'ie it popular all over our

(lisliict, Ijniit tlie first liospit d at

KitvaiiL; and three liospital buildings

in the ciiinpouiid. Slie retired in tiie

spvini^ 'f iwi). This gi\-es her ,i term

uf ser\ice of about ;wcnty-li\c years.

Duriny this time she had two fr.rloughs.Mrs. A. K. Sell, M.n.

Service on the field, twenty-one and one-h.ilf \ears.

Rev. J. W. C.irlln, D. D. .md Mrs. Carlin.

I)r. and AIis. Cirlin ani\i.d on the t'leld in M.uch iSgo. .After

stiuhint; llie l.iiiL;ii.ii.;e in the eonipouiul ,it K.ikehieh, thc\ bought and

litted lip a native hmise in rngknni;, .1 eil\ .ib.iut foit\- miles north-

east nl Swatow lie, 11 (lie e.Mvl, .md t. iking lip resilience there, added

this pfiee 111 Ihe list of oiii inl.ind lesidenee st.itions.

When \\\r\ went to the I r.ited .St.ites in H)0<i at the end of

•a seeiiiid ttiin, lhe\ letiied ftoni missicin woik.

ROI,Iv CALL 189

Besides the care and teaching of her own children, Mrs. Carlin

had charge of the girls' and woman's school and the Bible-women's

work in her husband's field.

Rev. J. W. Carliu, D.D. Mrs. C: rlin

Mr. Carlin, service on the field, twelve and one-half years.

Mrs. Carlin, service o;i the field, ten and one-half years.

Miss M. K. Scott.

Miss Scott came to the field in the

autumn of 1890. She gave many years

to country work and to the Woman'

School. She married Mr. G.H. Waters

in 1901. While her children were

small she kept in touch with activ

work going daily to the hospital where

she had classes for the patients. When

the children were older she entered

more largely into the work^ teaching

in the girls' and woman's schools and

wi.s.s .M. K. Scott in the Theological Seminary.

iy( III^TiikV ol- Tin: sni Til (IIl.VA MrSSI'iX, SWATiiW

SIk- has served on llic- ConfLTcii:e Coininittees, sucli as the Re-

Iru-nee CnnninUee, the I.an- n;i;;e Conniiiltce, and the Committee on

\V,,niair.s Wuik, as well as (;ii committees of the churcli mid Sundav

Sc1k)ij1.

It is one tiling to du (mi1\ the work for which one is responsible

and which is nnder one's own control, and quite aiiotlier thin<4 to fit in

liere and there and ti) help others out with their work. It is perhaps

one of the must severe te^ts of one's real missionary spirit to do this

kind of work cheerfully and to the satisfaction of ail.

It is lhirt\' \eais since Mrs. Waters came to tiie field, and of

these she has spent tweiity-funr years uu tlie field.

Miss M. Dunwiddie.

Miss I)nnwiddie came to Swat<iw in 1S90, working in the Wo-

man's .Schtiol and in the country work. In 1894 slie marriet: Mi. Kemp

and went to Chaochowfn w heie she c uitinued to do such work as came

to her there. I''amil\- cares and her own he.i'th kei^t her .it lieime dur-

iuL; the later Ntarsof Mr. Kemp's ser\ ice.

She ga\e t(j the work on the field, sixteen vears.

Dr. Alice Ross.

Dr. Ross came in iSiji lull of enlhnsi.isni for her metlical work,

hilt with lieallh C|Uitc Inoken .--he lefl in Xo\cmbe! iSvij, .ifter only .1

year here which w.is ;^i\en lo l.m^^jn.b^e siudw

SnA'icc on Ihc fuld. one \ c.ir.

Rev. H. A. Kemp.

Mr. Ktinp.mi\cd nnliei .iKled in ihc coinp.uinu in(>ctohcr iSo.v

lie had lueii app.MUhd to ihc ll.ikki woik, hul decideil he w.is better

htUdbii till- lund of w 01k he could do 111 an oldci .station. He took over

Chaochowln and made it ,1 usideiice station. .\fter li\iii>' in the cit\'

ROLI, CALL 191

in a native house a number of years he bought the hilltop across tlie river

and 1 ut up a dwelling there. He married Miss Dunwiddie in September

1894. He left for home in 1915 and died soon after 1 caching there.

Rev. H. A. Kemp Mrs. Kemp

Service on the field, seventeen and one half years.

For Mrs. Kemp see Miss Dunwiddie,

Miss J. M. Bixby, M. D.

Dr. Bixby arri\-ed in the autumn of

1894. She took up the medical

work in Kit}ang which Dr. Scott had

opened. She won a high reputation

among the Chirese for skill in eye

cases. She built a new and larger

hospital but never occupied it, having

to be invalided home April 1907.

She died in Denver wheie she had

halted hoping for benefit from the

climate.

,, . ^ Service on the field, eleven years.

1U2 iiisToKV <ir- Tiir, sot;Tii china mission, swaTow

Miis. M. E. Magee.

Miss W-.v^rv ;,nivc.l in I'd^ruarv 1S95 and soon sliowed the

dTcrls <,f a fall sn^t.iin, ,1 on shiphoard. After nine months slie was

lunnc.l huHR- w.lh the hope of savin- her life, hnt died of tnl.erculosis

a few )ears after.

Service on the field, less than one year.

Rev. J. Spjicher and Mrs. Speichcr

Klv. J. SpLIL-lRl M- - S;< :chir

Air. and Mrs. J^peidier joined the mission in 1805 and soon

went lo Kit\anL; wlieu' Hr. r>i\l>\- w.is .dri.Md\' li\in^ and in charge ot

tlie medical wmk. l)niiu;..; his second tcini of scr\ico, Mr. Speiclier

\vas tiansfeiicd lo L'anlou as ilu- rcprcscnlatuc of the Xortheru Hoard

in llir w'oik of Ilu- t^Miina r'.ipli-'l IhiMicition Societw Hero he spent

tliice .ind one li.ill \e,iis ,'.iid \\,i-~ then ti .nisfei red hack to Swalow, bnt

he shll ulains ronneilion wiih the Press while doing liis cditeirial

woi k here.

HOLI, CAI.r, 193

Of the twenty-five years since coming to China he has spent.three in America, three and one-half in Canton and eighteen and one-half on the Swatow field.

Mrs. Speicher had the care of the girls' school and Bible-woman's

work on her hnsband's field. She also gave much time to the boys'

school. Since her retnrn to Swatow, she is teaching in the night

school and has a large kindergarten and day school for girls.

Mrs. Speicher has been eight years in the United States, one and

one-half years in Canton, and fifteen and one-half years on the Swatowfield.

Miss H. E. St. John.

Miss St. John came with Dr. Bixby when she returned from

furlough. She was connected with the woman's work at Kakchieh

.and Kityang.

Service on the field, five and one-half years.

Rev. A. F. Groesbecfc, D. D. and Mrs- Gtoesfaeck.

Air. and Mrs, Groesbeck arrived on the field in the autumn of 1897.

Their first service was given to Ungkung where they lived in the native

house with Dr. Carlin's family. They afterwards took charge for a

while of the Cliaochowlu field, and finally took up their residence

in Chaoyang, which was thus added to our list of residence

stations. Mr. Groesbeck has always been ready to take on another

man's field when the one in charge had leave for furlough. He was

s'^ut as one of the delegates fronr this mission to the meeting with the

Board at Newton Center in the spring of 191 7. He has been Confer-

194 IIIS'lViRV OI' Tin; Sot;TII CIIIN'A MIS5I0>f, SWATOW

vmx- secRtai V I'oi NfVLTal years. Tliis year an assistant has been sent

(lilt t(i licli) liiin.

Of the- twciitv -three years since lie came, he lias -i\eii nineteen

in serxiee on the field.

Mrs. Groesheck h;'s IkuI some Bible women under her snpervisioii

for nianv veais. besides teachin- her own children ur.til they were

1<< \ . ,A. r, I .roLsliLcU M:- I .r 't-i ecK

nearh' read\- tiii,-nter Hi.i;h School in the .Vinerican School at Shaiu^liai,

she has iaiH'lit in the i)o\s" school.

T^iiriiiL; nian\- \eais the (liocsbecks have Ineii the oiil\ foreii;'!!

biniils .it OhacN.in;^, and the nearest pliNsiei.in '.i\e.; in Swatow. Mrs.

('.Kieshetdc ii.is made it possible foi her liii.sband to do liis work and to

make lon^ coiinln liips, bec.mse she wa.s willin;^ to jnit her own

])ersoiial wislu's .isidt- aiul .sta\' alone. She li.is been brave and couia-

^eiMis .in<l se]|-den\ ill);. If \ on will read Or. (. iroesbeck's reports, von

will know what she h.is done, for she has iiuule it possible for him to

ROLL CALL 19;

do his work. When Dr. Groesbeck went to the Conference at Newton

Center, she staj'ed at ChaoNang and kept things going

Service on tlie field, nineteen and one-half )'ears.

Miss E. Wilfchison

iMiss Wilkinson came to the mission just in time for the excite-

ment of the boxer troubles and went with Dr. and Miss Scott to Japan

for the summer. Health failing, she did not return to Swatow and

her stay on the field was onK' about six months.

Rev. G. H. Waters

Mr. Waters arrived in Swatow in the autumn of 1899. He has

done much field work and is still in charge of a part of the Swatow field.

This has prepared him well for what is

now his main work of teaching in the

Seminary, for he knows what the

preachers must meet in their work

with the churches. The success of the

Sunday school here in the compound

is largely due to his initiative and

energy in carrying it on. It sets a

grade of work, and many workers

preparing here, take the methods with

them when they go out on the field

tp work in other places. Of the

iwenty-one years since he came out he has spent eighteen on the field.

For Mrs. Waters see Miss M. K. Scott.

Rev. G.H. Waters

in<< IIIS'lMin' nl' Till'; -III III 1 IIIVA MISSIfiN, SWA'TOW

Miss H. Hyde

Ml-- N 11;,^:-

.Miss II\(lc came uul in the autumn of 1901. After ,1 brief

term I'f three êars she resigned to iiiarr\- Mr. C.irsou of tlie tirm of

jardine IMathesnii ami Cumpau\-.

Ser\'ice on tlii. lii-hl, tlnee \ears.

Miss M. Sollm.in

Mi.ss Sollman c.i;r.e to the mission

in io('_\ She is now in her third term,

li.ixiui; reeer.tlv returned from her

eenud fnihui^'n.

-She h.is cliarvê of thi- Wom.in's

School, sii.iiii!.^ this.iud tJie tonriuo of

the inl.md si.itious witli Miss Tr,iver.

When Mi^s Weld ,11^^ ^he look charge

"I the '.îil-,' schuol woik for ,1 number

>>t \e.iis. She h.is been one of our

st,indb\ s foi eighteen \e,irs.

SeiMce on the field, lifteeu \ears.

ROLL CALL 197

Miss M. Grant, M.D

Dr. Grant came to Swatow at the

same time as Miss Sollmaii in 1902.

Her time on the field was sper.t at

Kityang and Kakchieh and later at

Kaying-. When it was decided that Dr.

Bixb}- conld not remain longer, and

was too ill to go home alone, Dr.

Grant, who had gone to reopen medical

work at Ka}-ing among the Hakkas,

was sent for, and left with Dr. Bi.xb\-

in the spring of 1907.

Service on the field, four and one-

half years.Miss M. Grant, m. d.

R, E. Worley, M. D., and Mrs. Worlcy

Dr. and Mrs. Worley came out in the fall of 1903, and when

Dr. Scott had to leave the next spring there was no other doctor at

the hospital, and he found the calls many and his hands full. On his

return from one of his regular dis-

pensary trips to Chaoyang as he was

crossing the bay the boat was upset

and he was drowned. He had greatly

endeared himself to the Chinese and

his loss was keenly felt.

Service on the field, three and

one-half )'ears.

Mrs, Worley remained on the field

and entered the woman's work, and

has been leaching in the Woman's

Mrs R. K. Wcriey Scliool. Shcisuow at liomc on her

rjS IIISTiiin' III- nil: ^'il'TII CIIIXA MISSION, SWATOW

Sfcuiid fiiil(in;.;li. Sin- li.i^ t'l licr credit seventeen years in mission

service, tliiilccn ol' wliicli li;i\'- been sjjent on tlie field.

Miss M. Weld.

Mi.^s Weld came to China in the

i.ill of 1904. With less than a year of

lan^^uaj^e stndy, she was requested to

take charge of the girL->' school. She

li id hii^h ideals and unusual qualihca-

linns and gave herself unstintediv

to the \vork of the school, and

fur it laid duwn her life in Januar\-

iqii- She £;a\-e to tlie work a

little more than six vears.

Miv- Mm;. I\ \\v\ii

Rev. R. T. Cipen and Mrs. Capcn.

;\Ir. C.ipen came to vSwatow in 1904. He has had charge of our

scliool work and the tirade lias advanccil f r.. m grammar to junior

l;.>. K 1 > ,,|., Mi- K. r La|H

ROLL CALL 199

college work. He lias been very earnest and successfnl in pushing the

work of the Y. M. C. A. among the Academy students, winnino- hio-h

praise from visiting secretaries, and better yet, winning large spiritual

results in leading the boys to Christ.

It is sixteen years since he came to the mission, thirteen and

one-half of which ha\-e been spent on the field,

?tlrs. Capen has taught English and Bible classes in the Academy.

She came to our mission two years after Mr. Capen, and has spent

eleven years on the field.

Rev. G, W. Lewis and Mrs. Lewis.

]Mr. and Mrs. Lewis reached China in the autumn of 1905. At

first wliile studying the language they lived at Kit\aug, and were

later transferred to Ungkung which has been their station ever since.

Rev. G. W. I,ewis Mrs, G. W. Lewis

In the cultivation of his field Air. Lewis has made great advance

in the matter of benevolence and self-support. He is fortunate in

having a helpmate who has made it possible for him to do his field

2O0 iiisTiiRv (II' 'nri; smTii chins mission', svvatow

work, involvii:)^ :i,- il il-'cs absence from lioiiic for days at a time,,

leaving to tlic wife :m<l motlier tlic care of tlie family and the work of

tlie station.

The twirls' mIiooI and tlie iJilile- woman's work testif\ to the

interest Mrs. Lewis has always liad in tlie work of their station.

Mr. and Mrs. Lewis liavc e.ich been on the field twelve and

one-half years.

Rev. A. H. Page and Mrs. Page

Kcv. .\. n I'.i.i;, \(,^ \ II p.ij-i-

Ml, and Ml. I'.i^e .mixed i>ii llu ruld in ihe fall of 180I1. The

^\"|1; "I the 1mi\s' si'li,.,.] ,ii>|HMle>l til Ml. r,i.;c .iiul he w.is assi;^ned to

lliat and has been .Lssoei. lied w nil Mi. l.\i]>en 111 that depaitment. (.>f

till' liiinlrcii \eai.s siiirc hw ani\.d, thiileeii ha\e been spent on the

ti. Id.

.Mis. i'ai;e h.is taii-ht some l'hiL;li.sh classes in the .\cademy.

She has bicii on IIr- liehl ek\eli \c,irs.

EOI.L CALI, 20

1

Miss Edith G. Traver.

Miss E. G. Traver

Miss Traver came in the autumn^

of 1906. It seemed during- the first

few years as if she could not remain

on the field, bnt pure grit on her own

part, con:biued with a happy diagnosis

on the part of the port doctor, has

enabled her to stay and to do a

work of which the mission may well

be proud. Of the fourteen years, she

has given eleven and one-half to work

on the field.

Miss Barbara A. Ross.

Miss Ross came with Mr. and

Mrs. Speicher when they returned

from furlough in 1906, and went with

them to Kityang. After getting the

language and when just ready for

work, she was ordered home for what

was diagnosed as organic heart troub-

le.

Service on the field, three

and one-half \ears. Miss B. Ross

IIISTdUY ni- nil, SOITII CHINA MTSSIOX, FWATOW

Rev. L. E. Worlcy and Mrs. Worley.

Ki-v I. 1-; W.iilr Mr' I. F. Worlcv

Mr. ami AIi>. Wmlrx' cnine to our mission in I1107. Mr. \\'orle\'

liad cliar;^e i>f iIk- Uip^kun-; Held ilurin;,; ATr. Lewi-' tnr'.oii>;h and later

was connecteil willi lln- Aoaileniy work here. Mrs. \\"oile\', never

.strong, was at last orilereil lumie h\ the doctors and tlie". lia\e not been

able to return.

IVK'h our has si^aALil on the held .•e\"e'.i \e.ns.

Dr. R. E. Adkins .md Mrs. Adkins.

IM. and Ali<. .\dkni- canie to ns in Sep'.eniher rgo;. That he

niiij.iit lie aw. IN linni ihe lin^piLil and .i\>.;d the constant calls to

st-e siek people, lhr\ went I. Ch.ioehow In 1' r 1 iin.;na>.;e stndw Mrs.

Adk ins tlieil M.i\ 1 1, 1 ,|i i,S.

ROI^I, CALL203

During a part of Dr. Adkins' term of service he Iiad charoe

of the Kityang hospital. But he considered Chaochowfu ns Iiis

R. E. Adkins, M. D. Jlrs. R. K. Aflkiiis

station and was planning a hospital there when he was suddenly

called to go home with his sister, who was threatened with blindness

.and he left in the spring of 1913.

Dr. Adkins, service on the field, six and one-half years.

Mrs. Adkins, service on the field, seven months.

Rev. B. L. Bake* and Mrs. Baker.

Mr. and Mrs. Baker came in 1908 and reinforced our Chaochow-

fu work, being associated with Mr. Kemp. The)- went on furlough in

the spring of 1915 and because of impaired health did not return until

-the autumn of 1918. Mrs. Baker has general charge of the girl's

204 lllSTiiHV n|- Tlli; SnllTTI CIIIN'A MISSION', SWATOW

school ami woiiiair. wmk. J)niiii;^ the twcKe \far.s since tliey came,

(.acli oiR- has siniit li'-lil and one-half \'ears on llic field.

Kiv II. I, II ikcr Mt* li, L. ii.ikcr

Miss Helen H. Fuldcn.

Miss I''ic_lden was S'jnl to West China in looS ar.d was trans-

ferretl to Somli China in iqch_"), an^l was

associated \\ith Miss \\"c',i; in the Ciirl's

School. She veinaii'.ed about a vear

al'tci M;-s Well's death when she

went honu- with hioken liealth and

iC'i^^ned.

l.alei tlie need was so ;_;ieat here,

thai she ic.-]>ondcd to the call and

cai\ic out ai;ain I'oi a thice-xfav term.

She uiniucd to the United States in

l\'hui.ii\ lo-O.

Sciviee vn this held, fi\e \eais.Mi . II II 1

ROIvI, CAI^I, 205

Miss L. A. Withers.

i\'Iiss Withers was the first nurse to come to our liospital work

and arrived in the fall of iQor, and spent the first years at Kityang.

She was tlieu transferred to Ungkung and had charge of a dispensary.

Then a call came for her to go to

Canton to take charge of the nurses

in the Canton Mission hospital which

was to be a part of the medical school

tliey were planning to establish there.

This school is still a plan to be

achieved.

After a furlough in America, she

returned to Canton in the fall of 1915-

In March 1918 she came back to

Swatow and went to Changning to

Miss I,. A. Withers take carc of the medical work of Mr.

Bousfield while he was away on furlough. Of the eleven years sinc^

she came she has given to the work of our field here, seven aud

one-half vears.

Miss E. A. Bacon, M. D.

Dr. Bacon came out in 1910, and

after passing her language examina-

tions took charge of tlie Kit}-aug

hospital. Going home in the spring

of 1916 for furlough, she was in time

to be caught in the war service, and is

still serving her country. She has

now resigned from the Society.

Service on the field, five and one-

half years. :\Iis5 K.A

Ill-MKN 111' TlIi: ^(i|-fU rillNA MISSION', SWATOW

Miss Frances Adkins-

After AJis. A(lkin^,' deatli IMiss

AilkiiiN came out to Ijc with lier

hiotlici. She was afttiwaiil ai>[)ointed

1a the Woman's lioartl. 'J'hrcateiiecr

with bliiulncss slie hastened lioine and

hei siyhl was saved.

Service as a in!Ssior,ar\ on tlie

field, two \ears.

C. B. Lcshcr, M. D. and Mrs. Lcshcr, M. D.

These two doclois in one faniih- came ont in l!:e tall of 191O.

h'or l,iiion;inc .s(nd\ tlicy lived at Chaochowfn and Kakchieh. When

theii house at Chao\ ant;- was completed thcN went there for residence

ami were fairh' lannched npon their medical work. When they went

I 11 1,1 -I I Mr- I.' H Lf^lut, M u.

ROI^L CALI< 207

home on furlough in tlie spring of 1917 they left the work in the care

of 3 Chinese doctor, who lias made good.

Service on the field for each one, six and one-half ^ears.

Miss M. E. Gruff.

Miss Cruff came out in 191 1 to

work in the girls' school. When she

passed her examinations she was some-

what broken in health and a man's

hand having appeared in her western

sk}', she went home where he joined

her and thev were married.

Service on the field, two j-ears.Miss M. H. Cniff

Rev. E. S. Hildreth and Mrs. Hildreth.

Mr. and Mrs. Hildreth came out in the fall of 1913. They

spent the first part of their time for language study at Kakchieh and

Rev. E. S. Hildreth Mrs. E. S. Hiklreth

.>o8 IIIsToKV fil' Tin-; SOI TII CIIINA MISSION', S\V.\Tr]\V

l.ilc: wcic li ,iiisf(. iicd to llic Chaocliowf II fiL-ld. In tlie sunnner of

11)1''^ Ml. liildiclli )fs]]nii(lt-il to tliL- call UiT y . -M. C. A. workers in

Siliriia. I'.iit (iiiKlilioiis wa-rc Midi that lie was ill nio.^t of the time, so

lie utiniK(i to Swatow and in tile sjirin;,' of 1919 left fi>r Ani-rica,

wliitlier his wife had pieceiled liim.

i\Ir. Ilildreth, service on the Swatow field, about fi\e \enrs.

-Mrs, Ilildreth, .^er'-ice on the lield. four and one-liaif \ears.

H. W. Newman, M. D,

I'r. Xewninn cniiie to the mission in 1913

I'or a q(,od main' \ears there had been an agitation in Canton

for a Medical School in which all denoniiiiations sliould have a share.

All a]i])eal lor co-operatiuii was made to our mission and we made a

Ml- n u \,i

.-"""ns i,s|.,ns... 1),. X,^vman had but recentlv anived, and lie was'lesi.L^nated as,,,,,

,r| ., eM nlat ,x e ,n ihis medical scliciiie. The plans

'"' "'" '"-I"-'- l'l'-lM..t woik out as expected, and the school is

^"" '"'"- ^'-"""' '" '^'^'^vu.an left Canton and after takiun some

ROLI, CAU, 209

work at the language school at Nanking, returned to Swatow, and

began work here. When Mr. Lewis with his family left for furlough

Dr. Newman, who had recently married Miss Smith, went to Ungkung

_and carried on medical work there. The fighting between the North

and South drove him out of Ungkung and he went with his family to

jMokansan near Shanghai for the summer. While there he responded

to the call of the Red Cross and went to Siberia and was active in

fighting the typhus scourge. He took the fever and was sent to

Vladivostock, and then on to the United States. He attained the rank

of Major in his war work.

He is to return this autumn with his family, and has been

assigned by the Reference Committee to the Hopo field, where the

Chinese have subscribed $4000 Mex. to build a hospital, if we will send

-them a doctor.

Of the seven years since he came out, he has spent about three

on the South China field.

For Mrs. Newman see Miss Smith.

Miss F. Nofthcott.

Miss Northcott was the second

.nurse to come to our mission and

arrived in the autumn of 1913 and

spent most of the time for language

:Study at Kityang. As there was no

doctor available to take charge of the

hospital at Kakchieh, she responded to

the call, and during much of her active

service she has had to be doctor as

well as nurse. She went on furlough

in the spring of 1919, after a term of

.five and one-half years. Mi.ss Fannie Northcott

10 iiisriiK', III iiii', sni'Tii ciirxA missiox, svvatow

Miss Mildred A. Scott, M. D

M^.s,^ .Miklif.l A. StiiU, m.d.

])r. Mildred Scott, a grand-daiigh-

tcr of l)v. Anna K. .Scott, came out in

191 3. After her term of language

study at Kakchieii, slie took charge

of the Kit\ang liospital. At the end

of her first furlough slie returned to

vSwatow in Januar\", 1920, as the wife

of Mr. X. H. Carman. Mrs. Carman

is now sharing with Dr. H\'erham in

the work of the hospital at Kakchieh.

Ser\ice on the field, five and one-

half years.

Mr. N. H. Carman.

Mr. Carman came out as a short

term man to help in the immediate

needs of the Acadeni)-. At the end

of liis two year contract lie returned

to America for further slnd\- :'.nd piL-

paration for special noimal work in

the Academy.

Mr. Carman and Pi. Mildred

Scott weri' maiiied in M.iich loioand

uturned tn tin.' field e.iiK in loJO.

Serxice on the laid, tliiee \e.us.

l'\ir Mrs. Carman see IM, Mildied

Scott.Mi. N. U C,i

ROLL COLL 21

1

Miss M. R. CuIIey.

Miss Ciilley arrived on Christmas

day, 1914. She is the second one of

our missionaries to help us celebrate

the day in that way. She has had

charge of the Girls' School work and

developed it into high school grade.

She returned to the United States on

furlough in June 1920.

Service on the field, five and one-

half years. Miss M. R. CuIley

Rev. A. D, McGIashan and Mts. McGIashan.

Rev. A.D. ilcGlashau llrs. A. D. McGIashan

Mr. and Mrs. McGIashan came in the autumn of 1914. Mr.

McGIashan did excellent work in the language and gave promise of

great usefulness, but just as he was ready to take up full work, they

21. IIISTiiKV I'll' Tin: SOI'TII CHINA MISSION', SWATOW

WLi'c olilii^cil III rctiii]! liniiie on account of Mrs. McGlashan's health.

As tlicic w.is nil inuiieiliale liojic- of rctnrniiic^'', Mr. Mcr',lashan resigned

and took charL;c of a clinich. ]'',\'en before getting tlie language, Mrs.

Mc(!ilasliau had given \'a]iialjle helj) in tlie kindergarten work.

Mr. McCdashan, ser\'ice on tlie field, two and onedialf \ears.

Mrs. McGlashan, service on tlie field, two and onedialf \ears.

Miss E. M. Smith.

Miss Smith came out in I1JI5 to be associated \\itli the girls'

school workers. She soon decided to choose her own as>ociate, and

after a \ear of study she and Dr. Xeivman were married. Soon after, the\'

touk up the medical work at Uiigkung. When tlie war between the

Xortli and the South made it unsafe to ren.aiii at Ungkuiig. ^frs.

Xewiuan came down tu Chaoyang. When Dr. Xcwiiian w-^nt to

Siberia, .Mrs. Xewmaii returred to the Uiiiied States.

.Service on the field, two and onedialf vears.

Miss C. C. Leach. M. D.

M ! I 1. 11.1 l' 1,1 .,, h V

.\t the end of IQ16 another luis-

sionar\ came on Christmas da\'. She

made lur home here in the Kakchieh

Compound iimil she wmt to Kitvaug

to take chaige of the hospital there.

I'esities lur nguLir lK>-]iit.d work she

h.is .1 class of mn.-M..s in uaiiiiiig. The

UKu's di.iviitiiu.nt is in charge of a Dr.

tlo who was traiiRtl .,t Soochow and is

doii.j,-. good work. She has had four

Nears on the field.

ROLI, CAI,I,

Miss G. R. Aston,

2IS

iliss G. R. Aston

This is the last of our Christmas gifts. She came with Dr.

Leach in 1918, and has made her home at Kityang. She is a trained

nurse but has been doing some missionary work of a more general

nature, in the absence of anyone else to do it.

Service on the field, four years.

Mt. F. G. Foster.

Mr. Foster come out in 1916 as a

short term man to help in the Academy.

The call for Y. M. C. A. workers for

Siberia appealed to him and he took up

this work in the summer of 1918, but

returned in response to an emergency

call from the Academy. In the sum-

mer of 1919 he returned to America

for further study and preparation.

Service on the Swatow field, two

and one-half years. Mr. F. C. Foster

214 IIISTdNV III- rili; SiM'TII CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

Miss M. E. Everham, M. D.

As tlicic- wjs ;i ]iiiis])L-ct of our liaviii;,' no doctors on tlie field.

Dr. Ivvurliaiii wa;? liiiiricd out, and arrived in April I'jiS. W'heii Miss

Xortlicott went on furlough the hos-

pital needed some one at once, so

before Dr. ICverhani had time to finish

her language stud\- she was asked to

take charge of the medical work in the

compound, at least for the time being.

It was a clioice of two e\ils—asking

the doctor to assume responsiblit\

before she was really ready to do so, or

closing the hospital, \^"ith dail\- patients

ranging all the way to two hundred, it

was thought the lesser oi the two

Ml" \i. I-;, r.vcha,,., M.„.^;^.i]5_ Since Dr. Mildred Carman's

return, thL\' ha\e shared the work between them.

Sei\'ice on the field, two and one-half \ears.

Miss Abbie G. Sanderson

Miss Sanderson also c.iuie in .\pril

191.S ill answer to a vigorous S. O, S.

call for hel])ers in the (liils' ScIiih.],

there 1)eing no one ]ncp.iring to I.ike

up the work of the school wlieii those

in eh.irL;e .should l;o 011 I'm lou^^li Shi'

linislieil liei l.in!.;lia;.;e e\aniiu.,tions tile

hisl of Apiil .111(1 h.is li.iil eli,UL;i.' of

the si-liool .since Aliss C'iille\- left e.iiK

111J line.

Sei\ire oil ihe I'leKl, two ,iud oue-

h.df \(,Mis..\ll-s.V!.l,K e., .s.uuk,.,,il

ROLL CALL 21 =

Miss Mai-garethe Wellwood

Miss jNI. Wellwood

Miss Wellwood came out on a short time contract to work in

the kindergarten department. She arrived in the late autumn of 191

8

and has given to the work two years.

Miss E. H. Simonsen

Miss Simonsen arrived late in

1 918 and has been located at Kityang

where she has spent her time in

language study.

Service on the field, two vears.

Miss I^mnia Simonsen

jiT, Ill^roKV M|- -llll'; sijl TlI CIIIN'A MISSION, SWATijW

Miss Mary E. Ogg

Mis-^ M. I-:. OgK

At last the ir.ucli luiioed for assistant to the .Mission secietaiy

has come and she liad an immediate introduction to the work of our

field at the Conference in December 1919.

Ser\'ice on the held, one \ear.

Miss Emily Miller

Miss Miller came in the autumn

of loio and is the hope for future

needed help in the t'.ir's' School work.

She passed her six months language

examination earl\- in Inne 1 9J0.

Sei\ice (.Ml the lield, one \ear.

Rev. E. H. Gadt and Mrs Giedt.

Ml. and Mrs. Cicdt came out in

the antn:., of i,)U) and went to the

langu.ige .school at Nanking and are

to come to vSwatow in the autumn of

.Mi-.^ l-jmix .Mill, , 1 9-'e>.

ROLI, CALI, 217

Miss Ruth Sperry.

Miss Sperry arrived in Swatow

early in the year 1920 and went to

Chaochowfu, where the Reference

Committee had assigned her in response

to the call for an evangelistic worker

made during the last dozen years.

When it became known that she had

come out for only a short term of ser-

vice, she was transferred to Kakchieh

the latter part of March to teach

English in the schools.

Service on the field, nearly one

year.

Miss Enid P. Johnson.

Miss Rvith Sperry

Miss Johnson reached us late in February 1920 and has been

helping in the teaching of English in the schools, and has also been

studying the language about half time.

Service on the field, nearly one year.

THE HAKKA FIELD.

Rev. ^V. K. McKibben and Mrs. Mc Kibte:i.

( Sec Tie cliiii li.^t.

)

Miss Mary Thompson.

( See 'J"ie cliiu list. )

Rev, George Campbell and Mrs. Campbel!.

Kcv. Cvt). (.'iiiiiiilK Mi>. r.co C3mpl>tll

Mr. and Mrs. Cnniibell c.inic to llic ILikk.i work in tlic autumn

uf iSSy, the first nli^^ill)l,lries ilircclU .ippointeil to llic ILikkas b}- the

I'oard.

After consiilt ; able time ^pent in looking; over the field, Mr.

Canii)1n'll (K'eiiled lo make K.uuii; the central station for tlie llakka

work. This eit\ is llie 1k\uU|1i.ii teis foi the imlitieal and literary life

of the Ilakkas of the sni i onndini; region. It was ver\- dilTienlt to ^et

I foolliold llu-ie. \t fii^t tile inissioiiarii.'s had lo li\e in rented shops,

ROI,I< CALL 219

l)ut before leaving for America Mr. Campbell succeeded in getting a

piece of land on a hillside outside of the city for a compound, and the

beginning of the end of living in rented shops was in sight.

From 1901 to 1908 the Campbells were in America, and during

a part of that time Mr. Campbell was in the Chinese work in San

Francisco. He was reappointed in 1908, and during his last term of

service was in charge of the general work at Kaying and taught the

Theological Class. Ke remained at home during the last summer on

the field to look after the erection of the woman's and girls' school

house. But before the end of the season he was quite broken in

health and they had to return to the United States.

Mr. Campbell, service on the field about eighteen years.

Mrs. Campbell was always a real helpmate, as well as a helpmeet

for her husband, always interested in the work for women when here

on the field, and when at home, an active partner in the work for the

Chinese in San Francisco.

After her return in 1908 she worked for the women and girls of

Kaying. In the 1910 Report we find that "several women had been

baptized largely as a result of the work of Mrs. Campbell who for some

months conducted a daily class for women. The significance of this

work is suggested by the fact that not one of the church members on

-this field has a Christian wife. No form of effort is more greatly

needed than that for women." Mrs. Campbell did what she could to

help meet the changes that are so rapidly coming to the women of

China,

Service on the field, fourteen years.

Rev. J. S. Notvell and Mrs. Norvell.

(See Tie chiu list.)

220 l|[-rn|;v ni illi: S'll Til CIIIXA MISSIOX, SWATOW

Miss Eli.i Campbell

Miss l-:ii:i C;niii.l'<--'1

Afiss CainiiliLll came diU in iScjn to join lier brother in tlie

liakka work. In i8i)(i >hc married Mr. Whitman. FaniiU' cares kept

her in ll.e I'liiled .Stales for a nunil>cr nf \ears, but she is now back

and working for the women at K ixinj;, a work fnl! of promise.

Rev. W. H. Br.idt.

Mr. liradt came out to

tile H.ikk.i mission in 1891.

Ills was .1 sliort scr\ice, for

he died \cr\- suddenly from

ipopkw at Double Island in

September 1894.

Service on the field, about

two and one-half vears.

K.\ . tt II Ihiill

ROLI, CALI, 221

Rev. G. E. Whitman and Mrs. Whitman.

Ill the fall of 1892 Mr. and Mis. Whitman came out to the

Hakka work. j\lr. Whitman has worked at Mun-keu-liang, Hopo and

Kaying, and has had charge of a

theological class as well as of general

mission work. Of the twenty-eight

years since he came out he has spent

iour and one-half at home.

Service on the field, twenty-three

and one-half years.

Mrs. Lillian Whitman died Octo-

ber, 1895.

Service on the field, three years.

For Mrs. Elia Campbell Whitman

see Miss Campbell. Rev. g. e. Whitman

Miss Mary Ostrom.

Misri Mary Ostrom

Miss Ostrom had been teaching school in the Hawaiau Islands

and came on from there with Mr. and Mrs. Whitman in 1892. She

222 IIISTuKN' ol' 'ITIl'. SOUTH CIIIXA .MISSTOX, SWATOW

sjn-iil lui iiiissidii lilV Iric fur the Ilakkas, associated with Miss

Caiii]iii(.ll. SIk- Kit ill ()rt'il)ci 1895.

Service <iii tlie IkIcI, three years.

Edward Bailey, M. D. and Mrs. Bailey.

Dr. and .Mrs. Ijailes arrued on tile held early in 1894 to

work among the Ilakkas, When the first epidemic of jilagne broke

out ill Hongkon;.,^, he went in response to the call for help. He

left for home in .Aiiril iSc^7.

Dr. Baile\ , service on the field, three \ ears.

j\Irs. Bailex', service on the field, three years.

Rev. S. R. Warburton and Mrs. Warbtirton.

Mr. and Mis. Warhiutoii came ont in December 1902, aud gave

l)romise of great nsefulness. ( )n .Mrs. W'arbnrton's account, tliey went

home in the winter of 19(14 having each gi\en a little over a year to

the work.

.Service for hoth, two and one-half vears.

Rev, J. H. Giffin and Mrs. Giffin.

I-' > I " '""" M.~ .1. 11. C.irtiii

Ml. and Ml--, ('.illiii e.iiiie to ihc ll.ikka work in r904, and are

now al hoine on fiiiloii.^li. Hc.sules moie i.;eiiei.il woik, Mr. Gifliu has

ROLI< CALI, 223'

had as his particular task the developing of the Kaying Academy,

which has had a most remarkable growth in the last few years.

Of the sixteen jears since their arri\'al, he has spent about

fourteen years on the field.

Mrs. Giffin has been busy in works abundant. At one time she

had the woman's work and later when she had to teach her own

children, she has been the mission doctor, trying to ease pain and help

the unfortunate. She has been her husband's helper in his school work.

Service on the field, about fourteen }ears.

Miss M. Grant, M, D,


Rev. A, S. Adams and Mrs. Adams.

The first two years of Mr. aud Mrs. Adams' service in China-

were spent in Central China. They joined our mission in 1906. They

began their mission life in the South

China field at Kaying. When Hopo

was opened they went there and have

built up the work from a small be-

ginning to a well equipped inland

station.

Mr. Adams, term of service in

our mission, fourteen years.

Service on the field, twelve and

one-half years.

Until the recent coming of Miss

Senn, Mrs. Adams has had charge

Mr. A. S. Adams and Mrs. Adams gf tllC SCllOol for WOmCU and girls.

Her term on the field is the same as that of her husband, twelve and

one-half years.

224 IIISTURY 01- Till-. M)rTlI CIIIXA MISSIIIX. SWATOW

Miss E. L. Adams.

AFiss Adams joined licr brother on the Hopo field in 1907. She

had spoken tlie mandarin Chinese from cliildhood and learned the

Hakka dialect easily. After a brief term of three years, she left for

lingland where she was married.

Rev. C. E. Bousfield and Mrs. Bousficld.

Mr. and :\Irs. Bonstield have both

lieen connected with tlie Ivist China

Mission before coniinq; to South China.

Mrs. Honstield came out in IVS93 and

Ml. P.ousticld in iS^o. Wher. they

uturned lo the mission field iu 191O

i1k'\ wcic sent to South China to work

,1111011;.^ the H.ikkas. Their first Near or

so was spent at Kaviiii^. The\- then

wtiit to l,'h.m;.;niiii; and opened a new

sl.ition. This is a four-da\s trip by

u.v I', I- 11.M1..1,. 1.1 ni.i Ml-. H.Mi-h. 1.1cli.iir from Ka,in<;. Mr. Bousfield was

ROLL CALL 225

-constantly called on to give medical help ; he studied medical books

-and built up quite a practice. His first furlough since coming to this

mission has been prolonged to give him the opportunity to take his

degree in medicine. He has just returned to the field.

Mrs. Bousfield has been active in organizing the work at this

new station. During her husband's absence she was able to give very

substantial aid to the fighting armies.

Service for each on this field, seven and one-half years.

Miss Louise Campbell,

Miss Campbell joined the Hakka mission in 191 1 and came back

-to her cltildhood's home. She has the girls' school work in her care.

A much needed school building has been erected. She has had one

iurlough and is back at work again. Of the nine years since she came,

even and one-half have been spent on the field.

-'j6 lIl^'l'O,RV Ol- TIIF, SOUTH CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

Rev. E. S, Burket and Mrs. Burket,

Mr. and Mrs. Burket came to the

nu.-i(^n Ik-Id ill 191610 work for the

lliikkas. As Mrs. Burket is a daugh-

ter of Mr. Campbell she returued to

her old home. When Mr. Bousfield

WL-nl home in 191^, they were trans-

ferred from I<.aying to Changniug.

.Mr. liurket, service on the field,

four years.

Mrs. Burket, service on the field

four \ears.

Rev. H. S llinkil

Miss Anna E. Foster.

Miss l''ostei is .uuillui of uur mi>siiiii,me.-> who has come to the

laud of her hirtli. .Slie e.iiue out iu 1917 and is workiug in the

llakka Held.

Service on the licld, tliiee \oars.

ROLL CALL 227

Mf. S. S. Beath and Mrs. Beath.

Mr. S. S, Beath Mrs. S. S. Beath

Mr. and Mrs. Beath left the United States in the autumn of 191

7

and spent a year in the language school in Nanking. Mr. Beath

responded to the call for Y. M. C. A. workers in Siberia in 1918. Mrs

Beath came to South China and went to their station, Kaying, where

Mr. Beath joined her after one year. As they were not studying our

dialect at the language school, the time spent there is not included in

the time on the field.

Mr. Beath, service on the field, one year.

Mrs. Beath, service on the field, two years.

Miss. L. A, Withers


Rev. John Bjelfce and Mrs. Bjelke.

Mr. and Mrs. Bjelke left the United States in the autumn of

1919 and went to the language school in Nanking. They are to come

to South China in the autumn of 1920.

228 nusTOKY OK THF, SOUTH CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

During tlic sixty years since we came to this corner of China,

:i7 missionaries have Ijeen appointed to the South China field. Of

these, 91 have come to tlie Tie chiu work, nine of whom have afterward

been transferred to the Hakka work. Willi tlie 26 sent direct to that

dialect, this makes a total of 35 who have worked for a longer or shorter

term, for the Hakkas.

The 91 have given to the Tie chiu people 74S years, while the

35 have given to the Hakkas 194 years. Together they have given 942

years to work on the field, nearly a millennium of time. Forty-one have

three years or less to their credit.

We have tried to ascertain the number of Christians who have

been baptized from the beginning up to the present, but have not been

able to do so. Our present membership for the \ear 1919 is as follows:

The Tie chiu field 43^6

The Hakka field 1046

Total,. CO/ -

Total number of Regular Preaching Places, Tie chiu field. ... 169

n )) )) 11 )> n iiaK.Ka , 33

Total 202

Sunday School Scholars, Tic chiu hold t^-i^

M „ „ ILikka 10S6

Tot.il 6800

Gramm.ir Schotil Pupils, r>o\ s, j:;qi

n '. ('.Ills, 102

'"">•"> n ,. POVS ^--5

615)( II ,, <>irl

'^'^'^'''

5364

ROLL CALL 229

Academy Pupils, Tie-chiu field, Boys, 162

High School for Girls, Tie chiu field, 14

Academy Pupils, Hakka field, Boys, i6o

High School for Girls, Hakka field, 8

Total,, . . , 344

The above statistics are those for the year 191 9, with the excep-

tion of the last four items, those for Academy and High School which

are for the year 1920, as they stand at the middle of the year, when this

table is compiled.

Here we are, we who have answered the call for workers in

South China. Some have served many years, some a few months. Some

have laid down their lives in the work and sleep in the foreign cemetery

awaiting the call of the trumpet; some are still living in the United

States and cannot return. We have all come from the ranks of the

home churches, and have reflected the changing sentiments of those

churches. As among Christians at home who do not always see eye to

eje, so out here we do not always agree among ourselves. We can

hardly expect to rise above the source from whence we came. But

until we can lay aside petty differences and selfish ambitions, and have

learned to work and cooperate with each of our fellow-missionaries, and

to look upon their work equally with our own, as a part of a great

whole, we still have something of the spirit of Christ to learn. But

weak and imperfect as we are, the Lord has used us to do a great work in

the winning of thousands of the Chinese to Christ.

When Dr. Partridge broke under the load he was carrying, one

of his associates wrote the following to the Rooms at Boston, and it was

printed in the Magazine of March 1890. Would that every one could

have as true a summing up of a life work here on the field.

236 IIISTfJKV Ol' TIITv SOUTH CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

"Mr. I'artriii^'L- is r,i])i(lly getting read\- to leave. Witli liim I

have worked side hy side for sixteen years. He is a good and true man^

faithful, earnest, conscientious, and devoted to his work. It has been a

pleasure to he associated with liiiu. During' this long period, I cannot

recall a single instance in which we have liad an unpleasant disagree-

ment. He has been un.selfish, and free from small ambitions He has

carried big loads, and carried them without complaining; which is a

great thing in a mission, where all alike lia\-e to be staggering under

burdens, and where there is nothing more \e.\atious than to have some

one always repining and talking about going home. During the past

two vears Air. Partridge has had to bear the Ijruut of the work in the

male department. The wear and tear of this Chinese work have told

upon him. He ought to ha\-e gone home a year ago but there was no-

one to take his place.

"Now all this does make one sad. Human ties are of manv

kinds, but a peculiar tie is that which binds together o".d co-iaborers in

a work like this. Soldiers at home can understand it. We have been

soldiers together; we have been in trouble together : we have passed

through deep waters together ; have been in the furnace together; we

have sympathized with each other in the troublous times of the past,

when the foundations of the mission were still being laid, and when the

liardest fighting had to be done.

"When a faithful worker like Dr. Parti idge breaks down in the

harness, it is but right that an old comr.ide >hould cl.iim a bttle freedom

of speech in words of cheer, wi^lung huu spced\- reco\er\' and a safe

leturn."

,Seventv \e,us ,100 Pi. Pcni oi the li.mgkok and Hongkongst.itioirs w.is .isked (o wntc out wh.it he considered were the qualifica-

lioii> foi a mission, M\. lie h.is expies.sed hiursdf so well on the subject

llial I \enlnie lo (|ii,ite the whole. The italics ,ne his.

EOLIv CAI^I, 231

"My opinions are unchanged, and are daily becoming more

-confirmed—viz., that a missionary to the heathen should possess pre-

^mihently all the qualifications for a minister of the gospel in the

more important posts in Christian lands. He needs good common

-sense, lest in his untried position he should be deceived by others or

imposed on by himself. He needs great compass of mind, to enable

him, unaided by the counsels of the wise, to grasp a subject in

its various relations and bearings, lest in attempting to carry out his

-plans he be foiled by a reaction from some unexpected quarter. He

-needs some originality of mind, lest, being away from the society of

.others, and left to feed on his own thoughts, he should be reduced to

mental starvation. He needs more than ordinary strength of mind

lest he faint in a work equal to the energies of the highest human

intellect. He needs an influential mind capable of controlling public

sentiment, lest, while attempting to lead others in the right way, he

be overcome and carried away with the multitude to do evil. He

needs a mind matured by observation and experience, lest, being a

novice, he fall under the reproach of the world or the condemnation of

the wicked. He needs a healthy balance of mental power, lest when

unrestrained by social influence he should pursue a comet's course, or

follow some good topic of meditation to madness.

"He needs an education which shall render available his native

--endowments and teach him where to go, in ancient and modern

literature, for help in understanding and elucidating the Sacred

Scriptures. The best university education given in modern times

will be found none too much for the ordinary duties of missionary

work. He needs in the highest sense to be a gentleman, possessing

the kindness of heart that would labor to render others happy though

at his own expense—the urbanity of manner that would not offend the

most refined—and the gift of language that would be instructive and

j)ersuasive to all. The suggestion that 'any good man will do for a

21^2 HISTORV (il* TUF, SnuTir CHINA MTSSmN, SWATOW

iiii.ssioiiaiy,' is from tlic wicked one, and has kept many suitable men'

from U"i"K l" the Iieathen, and sent some abroad who should have

remained at home. He needs tliat Christian benevolence which

prompts to unostentatious and self-denying endeavors for the good

of others— that generosity of heart that will enable him to endure

with meekness all kinds of provocation from all sorts of men—and

that trust in the promise of God which will enable him to persevere in

his work amid flie direst calamities and the most dismal discourage-

ments. He needs— lastly and abo\-e all—the blessing of God, without

which the highest endowments, the richest culti\ation and the most

zealous endeavors, will all prove useless.*'

CHINESE FELLOW-WORKERS

We are glad to be able to present the pictures of a few of our

old Chinese fellow-workers, and also some of our recent college-

eraduates.

Elder Po San Sin Se Po San Sin Se Nie

Elder Hwang Po San served in the early days of the mission.

He was one of Dr. Ashmore Sr's. first preachers and was associated

with Dr. Partridge and others. He died in 1005.

Mrs, Hwang Po San is one of the very few women in our

church who could read before she became a Christian. She has been

a teacher in day schools for girls, in the Woman's Bible Training

School here and in the school at Kit-yang. Well over seventy she is

still with us, and beloved by all.

233

-\H IIISTdliV ril- Tin; SdHTII cniNA MISSKjX, SWATOW

Mv, T, )'. Hwniig

Attn liis return frnin iiiierica

Îr. T. P. Hwang is a son of I-Jder Hwang Po San, and has

spent eiglit }ears in America. He studied nt Los Angeles and at

< ',01 don Bible College in Boston, and has recentl\- returned to China.

He is now helping in the institntional work at Swatow.

Heng Sin-se-nie was one of the

eail\- pnjiils in tlie girls' school after

Miss Norwood reopened it. She was

for a time ,i jMipil te.icher, and then

the tc.iclKr. Vol nian\- years she has

liccu Chinese i,ingii,»ge teacher for the

l,id\ mi^îon.uics. When possible it

is .ilw.n > .irrangcd that the new comers

lia\e her f.ir .it le.ist .1 jxirt of the day.

.'Îk' h,\s .1 f.unilv grown, and is a

gr.nid-ni.ither. One of her danghters

is ,1 kinderi;arten teacher.

ROLL CALL235

Mrs. H. C. Ling is a grand-daugli-

ter of the first teacher of our boys'

school. Her father became teacher of

that school the year that Mr. Ashmore

took over the charge of it, and later

was head assistant in the Theological

School, and also a helper in the trans-

lation of the New Testament. Mrs.

lying has served as teacher for many

years, in the schools and with mis-

sionaries.Mrs, H. C. I.ing

Mr. R. Huan ;

Mr. R. Huang is the son of an ordained preacher in the English

Presbyterian Mission. He is a graduate of vSt. John's College,

Shanghai, Class of 1916, and since graduation has been teaching in

our Academy of which he is Dean at the present time.

236 IISTORV Ml' rill' SOUTH CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

Tni Kw'?ll III

Mr. K. I. Tai is a graduate of Slianj^liai Baptist College of the

Class of i9[9- Botli before goiiijj to college and since graduation he

has taught in our Academy. After a vear of service in the institutional

work at Swatow he purposes goin^^ to t!ie I'liited States for further

acKanccd studs-.

I w Ml. mi; \ iiiii^

Mr. S. V. 1mi is .1 son of one of our ordained preachers, whojust at present is in chaise of our woik in Siaui. Mr. I'u is another

ROLL CALL 237

graduate of Shanghai College; and has

taught in our Academy both before

and since graduation from college. He

Jias made a specialty of chemistry.

Mr. T. G. I«ing is a graduate of

;Shanghai College of the year 1919,

and is teaching in the Academy at

Kaying. Chemistry and mining have

an attraction for him and he hopes

for opportunity for further study.

Ling Tien Gi

Ling Hua Chjn

Mr. H. C. Ling has just graduated from Shanghai College. He

purposes to go on and take his A. M. degree. He too like others has

heen a teacher in our Academy.

238 IllS'l'iiin' n|- -1111; SOL'TII CHINA MISSION, SWATOW

111. 11 ( ,111 Cliin

Mr. (). C. Clieu has just ;j;r.Klualed at Shanghai College. He

has taught in our Academy and comes back to a position in that school.

M. c s I..

Mr. C. S. I-ing i^i.idu.itcil fmm Nanking College at the begin-

ning of tills \iMi. Since i;i,idiiation he too has taught in oiir Academy.

ROLL CALL 23?

He soon starts for a course of advanced

study in the United States probably at

Columbia where he hopes to take the

subject of Pedagogy in particular.

Dr. Joseph Chen is a graduate of

the London Mission Medical School at

Hankow. After graduation he had

charge, for two years, of the work for

men in the compound hospital. He is

now practicing in a large town in the

Chao-yang field.

Dr. Joseph Chen

Dr. C. Y. Wu, after finishing his course in our Academy took

his medical course at the Medical School at Soochow. He now has

charge of tlie work for men at the

Kit-yang hospital. The picture is of

Dr. Wu and liis bride at the time of

their wedding. The bride was educated

at Soochow.

We are glad to have pliotograhs

of a few of our workers. There are

others just as deserving of being in-

cluded, but we do not have their

photographs, and cannot get them at

this time. Not alone college graduates,

Dr. c. Y. wu and Bride t)ut othcr doctors with Icss advauccd

training are helping to hold up the Gospel standard.

JERROLD G. STANOFF, BOOKSBLLI

1926 VIS [A DEL MAR, SUIT* 8

HOUYWOOn, CAJJFOfiNlA BOOM*

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