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The Solar System
Funding support for outreach programs provided by the Utah State Legislature and the Utah State Board of Education
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Commonly Confused Terms
• Solar System– Our star (Sun) and everything that orbits around
it (planets, asteroids, comets, etc.)
• Galaxy– Huge collection of stars bound together by
gravity (the Sun is 1 star among 100-400 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy)
• Universe– Everything (~100 billion galaxies)
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What objects make up theSolar System?
The following tour shows objects in the solar system ordered by mass.
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Sun
Has about99.86% of theMASSin the solar system
Courtesy of SOHO/EIT consortium. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.
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Sunspots
Credit: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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Jupiter
has about0.1% of theMASSin the solar system
Everything elsetogether hasonly about 0.04%of the MASSin the solar system
NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
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Jupiter
Jupiter has many objects in orbit around it(current count = 63)
Composition:86% Hydrogen13% Helium
NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
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Jupiter
Most satellites orbit far away from Jupiter and are probably captured asteroids
Credit: University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy
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Saturn Composition:90% Hydrogen 9% Helium
Credit: NASA, ESA and E. Karkoschka (Univesity of Arizona)
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Neptune
Neptune has 8 known moons
Largest moon Triton is in a retrograde orbit
Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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Uranus
Uranus has an axial tilt of 98˚
Composition:83% Hydrogen15% Helium
Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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Earth
Temperature and pressure allow water to exist as a liquid at the surface
Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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Venus
Venus has 82% of the mass of Earth and is covered with white clouds of sulfuric acid
Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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Venus Surface Temperature: 864˚ F
Credit: NASA/NSSDC
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Mars
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Mars
Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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Mercury
Although it is smaller in size than Ganymede and Titan, Mercury has more mass of both of these moons combined.
Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
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MoonsSeven moons have more mass than Pluto
Ganymede
(Jupiter)
Titan (Saturn)
Callisto (Jupiter)
Io (Jupiter)
Moon (Earth)
Europa (Jupiter)
Triton (Neptune) Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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Eris Eris is the largest dwarf planet in the Solar System. Eris has 1.27 times the mass of Pluto.
Credit: NASA ,ESA , and M. Brown (California Institute of Technology)
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PlutoPluto, the second largest dwarf planet, is one of the largest objects in a belt of objects that orbit the Sun beyond Neptune.
Credit: Allen Stern (Southwest Research Institute), Mark Buie (Lowell Observatory), NASA and ESA
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The Kuiper BeltThousands of icy objects orbit the Sun beyond Neptune in a region commonly called the Kuiper Belt.
Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
______________
Pluto Orbit
Neptune Orbit
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Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Field (STScI)
Eris
Dysnomia
Haumea
Makemake
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Comets
Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech
NASA/NSSDC/W. Liller
Astronomers think that many comets originate in the Kuiper Belt
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Asteroids
Eros
Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech