FOOD Er AGRICULTURE

ORGANIZATION OF THE

UNITED NATIONS

Soil Mapping and Advisory Services

Botswana

THE SOILS OF THE MPANDAMATENGA PLAINS

UNITED NATIONS

DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMME

GABORONE, FEBRUARY 1990

AG : 801/85/011

FIELD DOCUMENT12

REPUBLIC OF

BOTSWANA

Gaborone, 1990

AG : BOT/85/011FIELD DOCUMENT : 12

Soil Mapping and Advisory Services

Botswana

THE SOILS OF THE PANDAMATENGA PLAINS

by

B G MogananeE Van WaverenA Remmelzwaal

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations

United Nations Development Programme

Republic of Botswana

The conclusions given in this report are those considered appropriate at thetime of .t.s preparation.

Lo modified ' . the light of further knowledge gained at SubsequentLAis projec

:Lons nnpLoych and th,,' presentation o's the marezitl it.ble do,,umentJo 4101 1)1ply tn, anv opinion wlia,:soever on vae part ot the Food

1)e' 11J1)Juitnre Orp-1711zatJx) ot rteUnlied Naliont: concerniu. )oa) ol

t et t ny country, tel:_itorv or or concetc)tn):, the

FtI J.1 t.ont

ABSTRACT

This report presents results for the soil survey and mappi. in-

damatenga lacustrine clay plains in the Chobe district.

The report has three chapters covering the fc,

Chapter 1 giros t, genera't description of the area covering such a-,(),*:s

location, population, communication, ,T'limato, geology, 7,e,-oll)lolc-)v uat'137a

vegetation and land use.

Chapter 2 gives a :iystemattc cissctition ol tbe

systems, soil iegend and soil units In onapter t10 pi7r;Lot,lphv ot

lacustrine plains is described with some cross sectional siH1L1,t1i,n,,

Finally, there are two appendices OrR: chemIttal anci physicA:onciand the other tor selecei reiesenrative soil profile derìlt:onsanalytical data.

ii

INTRODUCTION

The Pandamatenga plains ate ot lacustrine origin and cover and extensive areaLn eastern Chobe. There are tftree plains , the most extensive being thenorthevu plain (Kakulwane Sulokoi, which extends eastwards into 'Limba!,we. The

central plain is lecated a few kilometres west of Pandamatenga village, whilstthe southern plain lies just qouth of the Botawana Defence Force camr.

plains were ,iitveyed and mapped by the FAOMA soil survey team at,:.naissance sca1,? jasane shet 2.50 ,M0; in i984 and at semi detailed

o0C,) in 1g88. Thp sarvevs were initiated bv be i ortwanaC:iovernment's iatriest irt deveLoping rhe atea into iommercial aralJe

Irind, A tor.ai al eight fieldwoiks oi 2 - weel<i; duraticn were oilductedlbe thnt ì5 observaiionF were made most of -41-iich are analysedpi'otileJ, Few (4- i,niLh profiles ,ire listed in a7Tendlx 7 anj the rot:t ere

.(7om the 8otsl,ana Soii Datalyase. The r.eport doe not pro,rie anydata on lr-td evaLantlott,

iii

iv

S o Y OF COLiCSIOJS

The predominan soil rypE in the pia ins is the PelIic 'verLisol OLacit I.LonSoil), which Is chemically fertile but poses physical problems. This soiLunit strongly cracks 7,T1c. !:y, has irregular surface And A poor dtainagn,

The predominant underlying lithology is basalt, most which outcrops nlon,,,the eastern fringe of the central and southern piai This fringe 1,; or

erosional landscape characrerized 'cly some stron eiccion vith rnlat3vel-shalloasoiLs

The lacustrine plains have minor but Ant eleveventually dictates the waterflow oirectionJ andfloodpi-:, h5zao oF noLowe,,position. The southern plain 13 gently tilled toward- AOjt.17. ,

the eentral plain is gently tilted towards th5:an overall iandform which Is much more FW., lr L7'A, flUIC&r:00,,gravelly islands which migh: interfL?re with tillage implements, once tly:U: pu: urder commercial a7abi.e

AcKNOWLEDG tTS

m 1.1 t ;lot , 1.nd ,tt, T Ma f °kw , K1. .) fink? skevi khebevgLea J. twarR" (17,;;.1 Nei F Vet beek tor heU patLc a 1 "..oia n Lho Eitc10140-;:;7. AVIC.

S 22.7 t.1 '; t e numbex1:,1,:;;Oeaum bav+i t-o be han, caw -,k,t3/; f; the":

- ;-;;, n;a;;,,..; th.;..;.; pro jec succez

" t;» ;I L t C h i T V 7 "/ (r`,;'; t ".it h

,,tt "*".';'t, ;I - s r `I Line,

4;0,7 "t. ; lite-h T. ha 4:od. i. 1011; 4:1:,:a'i;

.131,E OF CONTENTS

ilbSt/ uc

Introdu,-.1 LohSumma t o1 ConciusAc know t edgemeo

DESCRIPTION OF TUB ARE4,,., ,

Location; Population and Communicac: , ,................11.1,1 Location .. ,,,................11.1_2 Populatior, . 4,,*.a7.0,4,,,Wv742.v040.900elpVOW01,11,1. 3 Communication , . . , . . , 1

Climate .

n ,..0000%40004.,.t ,Geology , ,, . , , ppele

Vegel,atAol)1 6 Landir

. , . . , . . _ ,

2,1 Itroductioil3cd1 O1as31eic.aidon2.2.1 Legend o,=. thE, Soil Map of che WorD ..........72.2.2 The Revised Legend of the Soil Map

of the World q,1968! ,,.2.2.3 Soil Taxonomy ,

2.3

2.3,1 Legend Construction

5,1 Lar.ustrine Plains ..........................................303.1.1 The Southern Plau,3.1,2 The Ceutral Puìrt3,1-3 The Noythern Plain3.1 4 Dissected gently undulatlop ..........................31

CompleNs ,.,.,3.2 Crossections......, .. ,....................... .3i

3.2.1 Southen Pandamateng PiÌtL .......................,3.2.2 Central Pandamatenga

3.2.3 Northern Pandamatenga P1a1a (south) ..............., 103.2.4 Northern Pandamagenga Plain north) ..................36

meet; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _: Soil Cftemical and Physicai Analysis Methods ,...,........39

Appendix 2 : Selected Representative Soil Profile Descriptionsand Analytical Data ..... ....,........................40

vi

ist of Figure-

vii

t,zossections

Crossection 1 Southern 12,,ar1r.nga plalu.CA:osseccion 2 Central PandamatengaCrossection 3 Northern Pandamatenga plain (8outhern 'complex,Crosbection 4 Northern Pandamatenge plain. (northern complex)

Figure 1 Location map of the survey areaFigure 2 Location map of the survey area in detailFigure 3 Agroclimatic zones of BotswanaFigure 4 Physiographic map of Chobe District

L.

1.2

DESCRIPTION

1.1 Ind Comunica

1.1.1 Loc

A ;' u011 P n' ,P p,P tIt P pP

tr,

"t i

o

L II

The ' k» 6, I I I IH H L,u

'uuu wuu

ru, tL, ,o,L

t-uu ouu) u-,uu

IL

P0P, 1P P 00..11P P

2

super .riAl deposi.ts of Kolana:L sands wbic) jartly occuc ì :ist-wt orioh-

taLeJ iongiLudinal dunes. These dunes seem to have been deposiLed batore thalake was formed and late n became submerged and eroded. TecLonic activityseem3 to have occurred after the lake was formed, iesulting in the different

nd opposite direction tilting of the lake bottom. The present con-

sequence of this phenomenon is susceptiI,ili to tlooding of the lowest posi-

tions of the lake bottom.

1.4 GeorriarDD

This atea is very with minc,,° elevation dif erences. Refer to 7:napTer

r0 ti' detailed physiogranhi,2 description of the l'anuamsteno tacus,iime

Natural Vegetation

Ir addition to tie, oxtensivr gtassland savanna ,)egetatio on th.,, vert.3.so1is an associattoo of Colonhoaphermum mopane with Acacia specie,:

' olophospermuru mopane tolerate; alkaline and poorly drained soils better than

mot, othot specie, Ofteli mopane tos pare stands, giving iise to the oarimstIrtin-. woodland t,tt beavv clav witt poo7 drainapc, mooane temains o

shrul, ih .onra.;% ]J_ ocour as a rr.,:e on bettor. drained cm an.)sandoi iant) in tÀsso:ia).ion with u wide ti)ce ot7' othrt' specieu Le Tel:._

lqpAransL,.....ombcetum i;,Ln af,

1.6 Land Use

t heMontOnl: L;ommel'4a (r-;Lanl farmin 1.1, the :central

niar p s irr wAtl, ,orgrium s s the Ind111 r Smal scale drylardtit:rw.1:- arrt traditioho graz_inF2 Panciamatenga village,

un 0 ul the nortuet" pt,sìr aloiT the main Dad rs Kasane, wfterc,, tho farmerswt:,o ,Itcrate6 hy oap:)rtority to usc ocreboles which were lett ovei: bv thecomnanv whick ))1.!i! tsr Ndt, Fc,i7.unguie These two Lanu t,e t.ypes Inc'ne area (ould n, T'af innure coaflic,t hot oor iietor owner and

oommer-la! borne in ruind thrli rencing would ho very ex-

peto.livc Lo thy, ara a,t ueeds seasonll maintenance due /-o (he swelling-ino whon eaE)ly coliaree lence pote

;t-

.--

ttrk

.44",4_4444414

1

REPUBLIC OF BOTSWA

t. trrt`"',-rtt

Oral. ,,44!!!!!4!

44,4

4 744e44;

Fig.

Amok

p

-

,

;j . , - '.

1

1

il

I ,

,1

'',

,

1gk..

',.*1

I

k '1

'

-go

st,

tt

STR

Pon

4

o

3

Vise, anans

SCaa: :no

,

'

?

nne -ss

n'ss sss ss's

ss

ninnnin

N \TEr;

5A4

Fig . 3

Lent Season

;

day ';

.1 101.

2

3 61---20.S., -1004 42..-C.") - I `DO

5 -41-60

,

REPUB Of-

^

les's","sp

1

41,,

A

B - :0C 21-30D 31-40

5

383

oas

-31

d's's

s- r;-;

S 1

"

'vs

A

BOTSWANA Dambe

8333 3n, 333,

1

':

/0;

s °

:33

'

2 SO I

INTPrr-Vrif`rwr tv&

meth nce t

vaaaa0y

VVYNYuluYV,v I 'y" 1,11 yrY, uu yYy,y u-,y, yuyuy ya,v

1.11vu. IYyl )1

1 y

ó \yYly

,, yu,;

stro ,

intoUU'i or the

YYy, ,

1, y

uu vs, v

, site, ,a calcic, or a

6

1

1 11

,, 4

aa luy ouvY v4

o

v

V Y, y-y

2.2 SOIL CLASSIFICK-110N

Soils are 'classified according t- Lugoud oL 1hr 'oo:,1 Map 01: 1hp3c1 13xon,:my So:, ;;ta: 0:1,1 17

uso,, t il!'Fppinhwicft 7i3L^3 H i LpP

7:),j;;

.1-;',LL4LktL Iii}t", t t L [ Ltn,' -

LL'S. ri"L. [tst\ ,?`"t tt, Ltit tAtt "'l[t I t t ,1

[ "ru'3 *.h^u u,

2.2.1 Legend of the Soil Ma

Soil phases

:1;31-r 1", ^u , 'IL I I"

Diagnc horizons

Th: , L

h 444.4 1444 444' 444 HI

".. 3-3r; ".suut - p "h"33, "is

Cal d p.,,,!t,t,,,,Ps41,viv horizons4,44,44,444(,14 44 4 4444 44.-

4,4 4. 04,4 Al 44 44 ',4 Lt " ° 1114 44 44 .

Albic e Soi-:

Diagnostic prope

Ferralic ,ap; propettE Fu3'

fr;1, 1"33 u^;," ^'!"

4444 sr.:, I arE^4 ,)^:"^".^3 4,1+0 1"."`d ru" "^uu ,3^^f^^-` ,,rusu

7

Vertic propertie/i.t's'

I

v

v v I

in vv5

4

5

r

T4 an albic E h, n a dep al 50 cn

tY ,;uvtLY-.0,Albic Arenosols

of Arenosois having a petrocalcic horizon with4n 125 rin r, che sur-

troca Arenosols

or petrocalcic

L

Fr, , "I, r

" o

Flo F

L7' F, 9 I. flr

,FLF

9

Calcaric

''.

?rrali

Otiler

:c

,erralic should

mo

'

,

r

2.2.2 The Revised Legend of the Soil Map of the World 1988)

horizon

or j

.0,

nl1v1

n11

' ul

(1 ri

V.`.1 'V ,,,o,",-Us.o

M,0.1.10

_

11

11

n 2.2.1

10

nVn

"-Rd in

Luvisols, Lix cls, occ is

perties

H011,, ' atvu

tn n I tan;n

1.)

a, , Ca! d'a dI '"' ' o"..t .

t`

11

L,1a1

LUViSQL$ T(te d0;..ked aghout theLe depcb 0: 1,?5 cm

Lixisols The defined cation ?Nc:,,z,lig Y:71, ° 0"'" a 1 sore f; of

the B horizon within a depth

C: oltiNeJ; e New , wi lnt r oatJce Stegr c ovi r h" hg s La h L C propel 'keu wi h 0r h,L L tC L !

ti'R V`' 1^` P1:0 1-W 7: riot ::atr,H P i 2 IL I iL,spv

Soil Subunits (third level and lower level codes

Th - ird level was introduced to indicate t 1-It tnt t T, n

r +nip Lr tn-n- s,,n;nnu, L ttn. nkn n,.

fn,i,n-nis fant.t LrLtn; t o ,eL LU i

used in Botswana an ,tt g intnn _n ttni'taihtte ntwa a "

Thc L i fl1 i o%,, 00 r r,J-; MI IH1,1;-;k- nyiri s C.1 n i t. L t

relevan aen

2.2.3 Soil Taxonomy

ss, s ppLP,,LS P p. tsS PP s' P.LIP 'P fs. ;,t Tlik

ts,z-,(1 :"!, C: , ssr L '

^ 1St 011 '.1 IVA/ 1 k P"' PS L.021 S. ' ' ,

ttr t, S: P: S.S.P. S p. SSA; Sk, P. 4 ``. 4 4 ',1,077.'

tV, 04t snsf yn i\s,nnnn hpps Ss SP P. PP

Itsisss" Ltsl. S Ass. JtS1

2.3 SOIL LEGEND

2.3.1 Legend Construction-

h1 1., '`o,'"Lad. 1I1 11'

Soils Fr V CIr L6

-"`' I a "a, tttt nnt LLD, ,

;

Soils on lacustrine deposits 11 lal S .

A Soils ols sll,,uvlal depotit 1. los c ! ss- ssc - unclsOcs 3 L luv is! 7. swo! 'se0 L3, 7 ni ud.;ortto r;';; doj

taic

S Soils on scnrss grainee sedImentsrT rocks, lwo L1-.0n °oa,s,) o 1,1 uir,m1 :11 t ;non so i n n o

son: 1 11111,11X.cd rl 1 1., n.71

Thi°' ;2:Tle r 1 s 7 2 -,;°.L t itat titt t-,.-Nt ;1. Los,' o .:1;nn 11 .

C3'1 sj.111,h. Ur tt;;1 tfti; r j ;:oit e n

ç nn n1 n 5)0

3.19 kr",o.n-11 ;' :). 1;1 1

. ç nf i ;IC .`ï

Soil!, basi,": lgtleouft ruetamotiprai; r;o::4;, C s t Karoo; t t ;), 1;1 a `,..15;, ; 7 C.', ' ' nLr

2.3.2 Soil Units-s ° in the ,,V area an

1 1. rt.ct, se 1;o:

V s ss; on -, ss! n.n ' soil cl

.1t1` n jn lin, '

_V in s

tWtV I ,1,4),L its ii^j 5ni. nU T0,°i i 1)s oo

SOILS ON ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS

A1.1 JL n, ' \

" 1n s ! s c! T - l!o*V nIss;n) ns' s 'Po, a os!

Dess!.)71,1:200 Isss,s s,,- : ,ssos! -c;,,5 n n ,9 ' 1 n,`

Tli,pograpily 11", ; ; .t 1 n;

Li; itint ?.y

; PA V ; 1, inksk)42.52qt "; 7 9

1. i,-1.11(1. :?!.:7,:-3

1:rteroct'er wt.! ,3 ron;11 (.° 1: 7 ° °. ; °°, o e' '

», , ,V Vn ,v11

1,, 1 v., 0)) h ) gp)gtt fir ) )1)

V j4P 6') PP)) L

VegettiLlt,)!;: ;,, u 4 h MU!, gpthit,)p, i)()

1

12

--ated on the maps are

"LPd

rip g

A1.2 ?ellic e. rfi_ '

ttL":L -l'e L!..7 Vontnt[ts.nfi Ir.-)SETtTr Pellust.T[.

-ten.1rfi L I

t` td1 nssrs,"[fi hp-0SssL 1 3 ,

Topogcaphy E.;

6 L. [ ss

Pt" ot2S1Le.e; "

4 fi san r L r);-¡ In

[StttnsanttersP L fisfis reworlse:, [- Tfi s fi T fits- T., vs, st 1.. Loss [-[-nns [ s

tst, ,[ 11,34'03 ,, 3;¡;;31 [ ,T1 \ A t ,;"".331,33' 31, " ; 3333;LAS3.31

nt s,,, fi, 333 " 3,1,1

° , 31" 11r 133" , 31.1331,`,3; , S13311 33'3 ;

5;,;"1 i ,°.

A1.3 . r r rrH1,, , , P '

7 , , L FO). L),

: 1.nsis fi s .

rs,[ns[tt rIst- Arts,373_, LI 3( 14,414

opagtaphrS sfi [

; TAT ,

iAtk,r ,""

-11[34itstisfist [t.t(tx..,,,sttis.L L

(ctl ." rtt

; fi sfist 4, I

fir ,

t Lk 1P,

[

ST

,

,

r r

13

r . 3

Trinsr's nr

trri rrr, I I

" part

'r

-

, 1 "43 r r

fi

L'L 1 .3

h s r n[ T I

fi-

wi s pe rmurn moi

A34 J

J

1 t, tiCtist, n ,1P1p,PP i id P t d

titn11' P ' PpP IPP tvP.ittt r,

',t' iStP t 111 "'Pt 1:1 t 0 I PPP -

,, :111 p P1 P 1Pt, Pit :1 P P1 1 1t,tivi P_ tvi ,1

it P P _

it" Pt Pf,PtPJis1",

'cpw, rng":tttt "0",PtePttPtsit.' P J

VI , ;',J4 Lk.111P, sP

ittPr (PP,PtPt P Pti PP' 'P tt iit, PPIP,niP P P. PP 1",-11,

'1,1'1P S 1,1 , SO, .5d dd5' 5

5 'IdH) 51 5 r1,55, 1 PP

ON BASIC IGNEOLIS AND METAMORPHIC

_; .' JkHJ i. k' u u ".!J! f

! 91 , u ,!

4d1

"01

,

'

"s sis '"!' u!, ,,!! riu

/4r1

tsljt" 0P t

ita''Pt,tp, 1t 1'11, 84t, ;J It PlP PP1 t ,P P

Pi P Pitt' P t P L.11PtéliPP 1 V i,PP,P'PJ iP

PPPt't, ,PPJ is.''s",PP ittli 1°1" pt sP,Pip

P tt tp n

, ", I n ,, 11U.

'10

,k

,P11 ttP `d,rst't

110 , ,0,t, 0,

14

_P PP1r1

d

,

,

t up: CFC mes; L 041 1 ;11h ;;od:Vegetai:ion h

B5a petric (1974 and 1988); Ck-tocrn,,1 7

:Pep^.3r.r,,H\Pt C-4 taW I

r ,J-C, ;,,nt,t1» laVic.P,`Pp p, pp 7 (

,,pos tr) , ht

CA)T1.11'

0C '

1 " t

r"C 't t t 1.th

, t I

?It ,P,k)P.1 .;PP " pp. ppp'').p,ppp Pp pfp(pppplppp pplp ,

1.;

,

Soils on highly areous mati

I'ti c r k.;

" HH''Ph": "<»Apppp PP P - HP" P"PP

' . h . "1`

l'pPw-Ulc'

'

Pp P»,,Pp"

15

r H ,

u'W

Of '

° " I

) " 11)

1 , .

,

t'" 11);'9

-

16

1_

"

,

C id s 1-Ite11t. -;t11, of L 3 ; nIEN!) Otif ; ndecrease9W2 th depth tram '»- t. ItOhsedlcVegetation: Sann..7 ,72,. i tum_lmboti Jo;1:.11Th

SOIL7 717 LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS

L6 1L

;,(-)Lt " LsoisST :t

Deucci.pi. \'01`"',1v 171J,' .st\'

1

1,) .111

,,, 1 1

q \ ! '4 4 1 4

' )d, " ;)

o ,

, e," ;

11

n. L11.

L7

B5a

B5b

LC8

r,sstot

,

tufta upt- 1.52; CEO 25 meq 100¡Vook11,]iLL wit!: Colophospermum mopam

o1s sha'Ustorthe

f.N (

"1" uvw.+

:n.prosrmpOy- -it t,

j t IIrr r »s-

11.1

(L)C dls on highly calcareous materials

sq °T1,16I9'

15

dt

,° I

L r

Tpcgfl!4,101,-t

A ;.`A

h

nrt

P

C Lay ,,'ontertt sul í 3 Ill ? Cgt'; ;;;:' pieq i 1 ICr so ,.1; OrganicWIt It: ri)119 O. ilOT)tdìc

Vegetat inn i Ut Wi

somr 7ACUSTRINE DEPOSITS

L6 : 1 , ).1c 1`, o tult, t sq.; ,

t, s SsT t's )11s: , 1988)ST srs, 'Ssp IsTST

p," ,:Q ",r,1.1" u V 1 A' ttl ' 011 111,Q1' r oun

To;;Ng. g-1-7)hy t

ftt , , Y1 I

r 0,6 ' A<

11, ;,

Lk 1 1' tY"'1,., 1 " "(.1" ,1,14.1v,"4 , Q" su i

QQ, Q o "QQ"'u ; I

u,u 1111) ' td "I Ulf

,

6

t-';e '1 0 Y11 , 4' A,Q2

t 42" v V , t 1','4 V at 1

tvi'

t 't

,

d

;

16

" un I

0,1 ^t I

1 t uc

s 341 41,0" ' 1,1,

" 44, 1 11] ' QQ,0Q[ ,

dd J

11

¡IV .."1" , 1 1,

!,"Jt Q, u

11 t

L7 t"i` 1 "a

L22 FAO: Orttll,.

HaplicST : Typic Haplustalfs

IT,,+,111e

Olnrs, ,-,

Topography,,

1.c,h L Lf n- - ir o

. nrn ,

I I,

r',onfoitni

'

L22a

ST

rr"

ST :

. lown

,rrrro,trr of 7- - in

17

r

r I I rr,

I hL,

-,i in itin o'o in h '

1-41)

\ to

, ro

,-

,

,

g. frag-r r H1-1

L23

Cl

0,

Vegetation.

MI,

,

ol01,11,III 0

3C i 6-7; CEC 15-25 meq/' H di anic C

-d cLte savanna with Colophospermui¡i iimpane.

18

saline r

plain and S.

0e eI

Topogr, sphy

Sitt2of 1,o

J.,kwuvre;:rv

pi:. 1n r re kt ' : dCharacteristics WPa i uI)ang t t o old s t Lungi V lc 3 tr ousti

dr -tr ort1,1 y s ic hscuJ L3L1rii 'h-' ruy, tu L c t

Ncy, t ic E 1,,)t. Nor, sal ne un lacu s t T irld P3rloa(n3' .

1-.) a n C 1 V L )11.7 n t b ; -

1L)OTTt soi , OLE:an,c: CVegetation ' 14,)o T,;.; 0.1 HOLT ,

Lti.M7,1)t, a1.11 illIbe 1 Lc:._ t F3 T' T" , k,\`,"41

i .1

L25.1 FAO: Vertisols). soy. (1988)

Ivpu

DOrlpt.lon r 'ter, tt cap., ; I

J.?..J.VH31 J',ayTopogt V La ,5 L:S L& Not u.,1, ,t L'a,c, sE.c Iwo yPr k.1

faA,

Pt Ii, ,

t

y tS.1441 C,,e),..11,Crt°ztai ntit

tO,/, 11CT IT it

I "0,C, I ay t.

L ,

voge a t ton.:u t.t ,1j10:,1: 4q,

L25.2 A t

' 's tu

ST : P

,`J,J 1"' 1

To1.11e,,rajli,ty '

, "

f."'ror,t,,e4, II`Js "

L25a1

,

'L 1 V ,I,. 11.10 - ° c Vertisol

19

' " t

Description Deop re ,! eel: t o imperf

gtav to dark prat I ujn btijwv: Lj ayTopography; E t , ',1o;-07 .15,

Site i FA-it ot ooti r L, td':att

Profi1en PA1 , PA.t PA3ti PA33t, htSt , Pa? , PA- , HA

Fi n 'L , PA n, "n4 , P.A.7S

Occurrence F t t t nr,rmo,1 n¡Hit Le iptn n n qrtivt Handawq,tcpvL9 LtCharacteristi cs tipti1.:Arn t o it1N,g.n nntfl. To ower pa: LH at ,inl Li,( tLI,r1.¡:.! (,' 11011 ;41k.114.

veragp play tHmieltit it:110:-.,o1 6o-ti3C.':., pH L Ho (3 HD,fl Lo wHg: 1 floc

t 011: :,':Ha:11H tH t 7 Oa' (tttooLo1n nLL, o t stoVegetation' 'i r' t t,ItHL:t ,

, A - elA n'nt j 1 PombH.,Y1H.

L25a' Pal] 1, t ie soHLi to,t7tL: naii lc

n VertisolE t

.1 OFO.:+

Hp]. THt

e)eç,z1pt ton " MCP: d

nnSnitn luTopography: Fiat LL,oH' La,J,LiLSite, at ioL'i

Prr:f.Llees - PA.,Y11,

ok "Ii10 Ni,:t!,barevleztiet1ce, riitithtovn tnt. 1tt nLPHYtoti

in SL."1 ,tn 10,

r ,CE.:L1'121 nnt /1 t' t

'111,2 n> W't .

N,'"get,,f-tt°3.0P1 3;,

L25b1n lit

;1' '

hH°11 t jt; nnts; ' o

1A300,

,

n_n ,

'1Stt ,,1 nt1, '1/1 `1; 1 n

t

tn '111 '

1,2111' , 111,11',Citi

1, it t,,L25b2 FAO: Pe SO(

I C lic Vertisols

ST : Typic Pellus erts

D(-,:scrIptIon U to vory poorc I1,,kok koq v

Topograpity L Lelk'r.Site , 1..!47

Lea ,

2." '

ter t 8 t.tc: r1,1 chh. ,

Grigoki ik k UOlu

I t .." ni , 1, t k

t _

W.i7,'Ifi L" ,.,,T',, :1 HP - k r,

1C2c.,- 1-1.,-^11,1

Veget at i on; .,'', : -,._;h:.,,i -,1,

L25c i L,ILiJ.' L L

ST o '

t r 'OW t't

1".L. L L 11ov,L,

(..`Iteract,t-ir 1 utro;

Oaok-,." -k

. ,

rognat,00 troL

L26 FAO: Vert o Calcieoor, 1 1' '

Th,Pd.09,,i: p41,"

,

' ,

n,sooio',kkutc

.`ok, os, toro,

I 2,,

k Oos

21

A f,

zt r ,t

L28

tat/ amid, uy uptru b Wj.

22

N

"R O

L34 t0: HI (1974)

Lw

II 0

hdhI I iN h

,

2 4

t fl

d: lark

L37( Ve ti is Noj ceLeyol. t ASt't7,-t t

Vof r A AgnIc Phaecf!.-Afiv, 1

sk : pl arotP

Description rC Ulipe-0717d.6"1J' C4,1°Topography$tze ,

Profilest, PA7,sf.t, t'SSi-04::"..ttarre$1ce. p tts

fist!, Istp'Ss- 1 ti-vr .

CtItttiracv.,extist cft, iv, 7 ,,'1,Z1

1.141.

cts . ,stS,t tstii.fttis t-t-tft, cc.

25

°T'

(Wcurrenc e NI tio: L ows 10

Charact e ri st iit, Moeitl rat v t ms ve !,:tetu,t r r sue el av,- ovo- ft.ay eu, ,,tfttsie vlorizor, 57fonglA

Vegetation 1 1-tt,1 5er.Lee tt.st im w,A t h Co LoLtiptt : mum moznno_,,ttgLot,cells,

L37 FAO: MolT leysol ,1q,stt,rhaeo7,em

ST : Tvple

Descript ion Vcr-v pso ! v .f ;mo- r tfve' p

loam rsLuTopography L ta fSi te Re;

oil'ProfLies%.curteno,,,L, SY pLs!s lowec Lst;,;

vavstaracteristics 'et otittilrtaer.ly , tHivt

Vegetation ° hio '';;fat:,;nfj os tvns

L371 Ca t t, - Pyss , t

S La,J,n t -C jtrtvrno,7,otv

Descripon Vsttf,./

Topography,54te : FecolJto,:,Pr,ofiies ttot-toOccurrences ttiOtt',,s hIgnec stfits.t patts,.. of" P,ts1.1,1m.tts

lower pos',Liont: 3? C',",p;) r*-rá",',t

Characteristi cs ; P:.-edomip;to J dud% Clays ,'ff,onVtoet.,; .tion tio ODl'CA

L41 V,LJJ r 1-1 nud 1,:48?,)

No C/ pa k ii Lili i L L -

Descriptao t çet y :mr1 et.]1.)1 ¼.\N,¼ .11_1o3r r-

Topogra phy I

t v v L 000 t nac,*' ?Ss: s

Profiles 17sAiLl''J'

p90999 9.9 lo919, I 9" L'Ir,t,1 thL Lolv.t Cs; 9:.1- 9-9.9" , 09,99'0 99 91'9", /991' a

9L 9, 9, 9 :.,111t_h.7!..,7t ' ,Lhh

Obar.a.,7teriltics T :9 7 9 :99 ,99 919)19 9. 'y 9 " 9 1 999't 1 9/, 9 ".:99,, 19 '9, ; 99999,", , 9 9 I 9 ,99,91 99,

1 99r991,9 1 9/ oZ131'...'v L7h...11', ikkh

" r y I rrs r ç(+7.71. it Ci th",L , I a, t , .1. 1 - . 9.9 9119 i C99." 9y9

9%T."s 9 9 1, .9 ,

Vegetat.ion. ,voo-4 'J.:9/99999 r ,.99.9999 9_9 9.911,99 9,99,99 19 9,991

9./t9 t 9 ILI' h , t7". v, !)» 9 9," 9 1 ,'li9 1

L42 FA O: ir P ho.A1.) I

A10ST : A/ 1,Jcaua.L

! ' dx ery dark.

lUi' Li r Ti1,- .1. 2 "7 0-':Th h

Topography. .S tte . 1. I r .7 711) , ,7 MOt»

Profiles - ,

Occurrem.:k.;.' on LC!

h (,)1 t ,

'.1hn r. a al: IC 3 tNi,7,11' 7 ttt'',0,171 I" 117t7 1A,d

,:"J 2,:1411 7 :11, .,tSLh.7 , '...'hcht , )

k":

019 ," , 999l "'99'91, 9., 9,-19.999:99."91 9 9 (9 9:919/ 1 sissU 9 1 911f9,

. 9 9 t ,',999 99

t1°11Liii19. 9/19_999:199 .19911'9999 99.99 1,9199

L43t 9 1 9 1, 9 s'

Do o I pt cro "C i 0

?s' s,sks' )1Ji A '`

07' I , 'h .716:4_,

'4711)0F,3 rby I

N, 9 .,, L C9',.1 9 T,;" 9919: 1,992o-99 9991

Prof. iles ',.'Occurrenc or li Lts in 1

6

L37d a low petric , Minor unir 0. r.,ciamaLong 9,J r. onmodcra t ,?] y deep strine deposits ovet woat:lei cO 1 or L tionwl

plain. Occupies lower posit inì asmounds 1.Characteristics Concpac , weak.ly cewel. Led

Vegetation ee ,sisavaInc. ,0,11,ss

ped eer cc an .,

L44 Fern ' At 01.1,;SC",:,

TYPi,

i)escript i011 flS tr` itc ì, " LI J r'1 H,1.01 J

rL

r,L. L)1","Lì n s. S JS L t Y IL t L

Tk)pography t

Si.teProfiles ;OccYarrenzps. ; 1(

una Lc, h 11,, rI S L J., .55 !

, ne°S JS t L Ictio7.haract.er!sti.JLs i'10.], s5H1,s,5

s

(." z1555 '

Jr , --,0 4

win(^ ",sf

;Li !,,AJ der,,a ,

L44a FAO: Ferralic .71

: Pe, /

rno (in sSSSSS55S S ,s drained

L a s, 2 H J- Ji4,

Topograty. A ,-.

T,{, Y!",), ``,Prof ilea ,

',)c,currenct) -V.qtars< ifl ic ni within

Vcgetati,-Ir

L45 tric tic

, 1, y; ,ss d very darkSSE s'

,

Pr 1` °,

V011; unit ; darts o f N. PE-- 5555na 155555555 151e

(;'1 ,

k)r., ' ;;; ;;Y, L1fl15S551 o

55.s

KS5a FAO: .

,0),, I ,

ST : 5'59, '

Do71,7-t'iptIon rr (.111,B'',1 j t oquiationiiphy1101,Y., L

0,7X11,7vent2e. , ',, ,

G1167 ex terlPitio»..1 , 1.

Vpget..qt

KS6 1 L'\ ]C°

:1988).1,.;

SOILS 07 1ARSE r ED IMEN TARY ROCKS

KS3 rai i, Al ',`-not;,)'.,, and 1988): Quai 1Ip113.rantent.f

Description: 0.,(-T t0 vcl'v som1 k'w fl.;01 sh

Topography 11- )01i 1 itSi Le No!Prof ,

, re,: vo v' , F4

Oc;-lirrence !ft,I 4 t wc <1 1

'MR eri ,70710iXt, °L. °, ;L", I»: IL Lri,

111°L° `,!ILL 4 .2, "1.°,

VogeLa ti on ", 1 °j yl

, Oya, 11

1j.:11)

KS5 it

S Lt. °I L0,01,

!pt r'n ° °°1'

s : L

1cii 110"iti

f';Ittz

' t'" "I

r t t,.)r o

cdii, o

701: t

0i,' t. ",; 5 rlai

0)1u_ 0: " ' , " yle:» ii

KS16 is0rs, srs- s,)' s 94)S.L's s fs,rstscl

ST 5".!'" 0s Ls . sonss.s.s.

,

E E,`,1 1,r F:1" t 1,, lilt L.11/,

t. rhyN 17

Z"°C:EC, E". 'Y

T EE'' t : 9 t r" -«;

KS17 " c//' -/11,`,'. r

h csrl - ,r rc

tc" "

r , I

L 0-ss,t1,'ET.,',E,ENEtEt;EF t

',1"'";1 ; 1, :1 .1"1'11;1

29

, ,

De a or i pt. Ion 00":" 'E ":101 ec-0 t'EE,Eti-E? 1 Et0-'1'; excEIrq-own F L(_-,(f T. "`F 1

-1».."1,t 1 , 7

Topography '

CIi F V )

otiLo;' f.r,4 . 1 i

i'rnar Q

C'.hanic is ;-.1..c,;(1 Y-1. {Li

tv` I , ss sT,soT, rssTTs s oNs SSTs s Lcsi 1 11[1

', 19 .u 1rr ritt.LE ,

tittn .111,tt tt, tLu

PHYS i OGRAPHY

Pandatnatc,Fayd laaa.auc car Fa 'cla,a Lvidcdd data 4,1ad- la, 1,,ac, a Ilia ,adaydual latclua, tisii t cal thi d.ddi Cdtat .thdP.ht (r10`adh'fl ¿ht`t_`1.11111.edy ad; h ad t)dtdah hadd.-ht din

latd,diolF;di 1,! a try, ada d 1,1i ' tt,I ttk r J j te tt,:°1

3.1 Lacustrine plains

Flat clay a Lad, kt °Et° , II" J', k',,°'Fhh h,Is° kk ,ti"1? h,t ° ,k1,°

- k, III it, kl°' ,..1ad ,dd d

d )d+d ",'nd ' 1! dl I di 1, lidd, I dliti "t 'dddddd, d 52'1 ,ÌÌ`il

, d d , , 2 ' tt °°°,2

,:t511 1,, dtt, it tìL..H ,,k11,,0 , 4

" 444 " '")] Addl.il,s.dd td d old Idd.d dd'i dd. d'

t odd t dd,dd,'d 'ddld`SSSd d rs

dsd d dddd, CHO '1

1ÌÌÌ ÌÌÌÌÌ1 ÌÌ t.S cc'd dc,S SS S j S )°°' 'tS, t. tit ,'°'

1°1°1 i k 't i "t '',111.1 It. "'kkkt° tdtt d101 t, °tut °k° 55 'SSSSSSHII. si "I[

'd,^ S 1+4`d d

I 4 s`

'4 4A 4 44 II 51: S O'd't k

S p dd,d

0111 St 5,5 ,1

'S p,

Ii

1

d 5, d SItS hh,

SSS

d,a

h hhad Hha ht

5,5.5 thh

t S ,t t 1,'t

' rutSi , 114°,0,

'S 'SI dd 1, ° , t,,, 5,

1)din dd,' d.)4 ' 'tttLi s"d

d I d , ,dH ,d1dd d di 1 ,idd

'5 5i d di , " N5,2

3.1.2 The r al 1,\ ddd tdd ;dd dd

1 tt,

d,ills St ° ° SS,k ' da d ,11

11,

kk, , ttti' it5tL °,13,drdddt 5Ld,,d,,

1

,

'

I s'

he Earls :11 r : . ,rokI nlo'Ls- J..1 t .1 "7", `,"qt

tt.7 1.1C N'ts,wt-tt: tt,

tÍÍÍ1'.: ù r;', into i, ,,t ; t

ji t` !yen in s

3.1.4 Dissected gently undulating plains

"'..° atoi, ' t (L. ,1 Í

,Í'ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍ` T t frt

ren` '001 0,', " '1 11 T 6 - s

' 6 " I ' 6,"$,;°kt 1.,6$L,j$ $ ",t't m.T .:°'0°-$ $$1 6hT

3.1.5 Complexes

N ,

"t` k1'1kkk I. k. 11,1i11.:

0 11-," k. k 1 I 11', ' 11

° TH. 111°"° °m,t ' . "I

'

t m,

ot" (tic'

;ROSS SECTIONS

' " Í I $;*

_ r-tr HI', 1M

Atol

Cross se, .on 1. Southern Pandamatenga Plain

"

The rtx,d1.". $ T. '10CM: M$ 1.t M, ' .

31

ÍÍ'41 t

°

-

E

17°.

." S

18°

60. S

19°

00s

I V N

.,IV

VV

VV

V V /V

VV

VV

VV

V V

VV

VV

v V

VV

VV

VV

VV

V V

V V

VV

V V

V V

V V

VV

VV

V

+

++

++

i-

+ +

+68

+4+

6A+

++

++

++

+ +

++

+ +

++ +

++

+ +

+ +

N,

v v

vV

V V

V V

V V

VV

V V

V V

V V

VV

V 3

c V

V V

V V

V V

V V

VV

VV

V V

VV

VV

V V

V

VV

.:2b:

:

PH

YS

IOG

RA

PH

IC M

AP

OF

CH

OB

E D

IST

RIC

T

SCALE 1:1 000 000

25°

on' E

Fig

.4

Ket

zung

ula

A

*.r

A

ZA

MB

IA

porn

1Longitudinal Dune System

Amajor interdunal depressions

Iminor interdunal depressions

2Sandplains with Few Pans

Awith few pans

Iwith pale sands

Cwith scattered pans

flat

Almost flat Sandplains with Major Pan Systems

Ahigher parts

Bintermediate parte

Clower parte

4Sandplain influenced by Hababe Lacustrine system

5Pandamatenga Plains

Alacustrine plains

8dissected plains

1It

Ccomplexes

6Mababe Depression

Alacustrine plain

alluvial fans

7Alluvium of Okavango

8Lacustrine System of Chobe enclave

9Alluvium of Chobe-Linyanti

%4Itat4°M

AA

TE

NG

A

ZIM

BA

BW

E

Roa

d

Via

ble

ICA

Oft1

CA

MIV

IE

:,

CA

PRIV

I ST

RIP

NO

MA

. BO

B:7

6-66

B1,

66

r-11

NE

PLA

N

125

DA

MA

TE

NG

A P

LAIN

,A

Z

;

°1a

-5a

'1.

251

LA

CU

STR

INE

PI

AIN

L255

-23

K36

z-

_

1 a

-5a

SA

ND

PLA

N

,1

,1

.:

1:::-

,10

80 -

:1.

:/

:

; , ,.

N

DU

NE

DIS

SEC

TE

D B

ASA

lT P

LA

IN

SON

IC

T

SSE

,E

7--

FA

RT

TR

INE

PL

AIN

E E

r^

128A

KE

6S

b

;TIO

N 4

Bm

e-)r

-th

)

i

1

'I

44E

, 28

24i

i 4,

,;

11

-24

12I

I1

11

1

I ,--

___2

____

:I

The LvItro,,-.r..1.fte plain. i L ',.- ' 11-r '1;riwt7zi-i t , t z. t2,3 ev tr. v.P.t.

.11%, L A ThktiV tor w.i.t n iim ir,"Lt iyt-y nrk..rJo.11,La3ru Ly olvo t Lt 'Lt 1(0,

olter,1..rt1 t'Ir 11.r. o ' 01.; i'o.o zo o'

V "°, o' o 711f '"o. pa ( t , flj flC Li - I 1t:er $ 444/ ,441:1,1L4 4444144. 4:i441414 t 4:44 o "o I o

L 1 °..t! t ir".hr'r s `2'. . r otti,1

( u I ti

A 1.c.rng. tad:inal dune t» o,; ;1 n J tI ' t, 1

r .nc 1,1 L (1(-. oli,z r , 4' '0'4i

,zut.tt , tt, ..1t1) r I ,No

Ct,ttrr" fr

ihedi9sect, t3 tntjj nJ Lvt. thi 71a

Cross section 2. Central Pandamatenga Plain

"" I 0". N't r",'

T CPI 1.1THIT 00 "TU'h.LT;TT ,

p

- ) rt L 0 `l ,t '"" NO r.1.t t1 ' r". It' t` L t r

t.ttt sr r-rt. 44'44 ' 442 4'1 4. 4,49,4,44L1 rrÉpv ' 9 L1,1, I. rt; I.'

VT,' °I o' Ifo

t o 1

Vho Le p ' . " T h UT, L.

, Nt Py tt'T tt L...'tq, ,

4 , t

H,1

4" o 1 144 i :,4: L .1. , '

-

' :' I. I r , LI .r. r I N. , ' -'

rto tr rr

r 1 I ' r.-- "r

Irrtr"Thr r

'

36

Pandamatenga plai

o ui2lo

Cross section 3 Northern Pandamatenga ain south).

The +2'

I

3 7

t h

REFERENCES

A

I

"

3oll S.

I 1 I

38

titural

of

C

h

APPENDIX 1 METHODS

Sol Analysis

/

r

th

Particle-si-

39

tL ,

I

I SL

C.1.1 1 tor )r L r,4Ju tau, - , 'Lla a,", au; ' .r SSaul au -1 '

t at ,,,,apau "aaa,i taa.41 1u, i a a ,..1

tt_ ,, '1 ' 2, u '',. iu C ,,,,,IJJ -H, \ '(4

' ituI ',',1 itt, u 'ti , a, i'i,u iv 1 ' I l', i 1, I , ' ,uul. aa, ;a; ,a a, ou'a au.?: ..,

, ' Il nu , , s'S ,I

t t lo. 'I 'O I "

ta,onv ),r,r'' tufa

u

Soil phyBical analyses

lvfl,!tra51on, t',-u U ", , - , r ', '' -la' lurra . , 'a , i L 1 t-t- 1111' ' 1' 1 ' 'o't 1tto--1, I O. _ o ,t O o tot '1,

11,' ' ootOt , 'O' O 't 1' illotttIol op;t1k1,t, o.`,1 1 i ri 1 `1' ''' / i 19.0' tit1,.. ,i' i .°1rt` ,11.itt.

i1 1 ' '1 1 O. '' 'it . ' t tli ' .111 tot:, 1, t 1 to ,otiO oto. : .r.O;,,,, II, 544 l. 1 1 'Oto ',- ,

I ko ' ;11(4 1,1' "

i tt' O 1 lio,'''',_ t i'st '' 1,o, 1, ,t. . ',it' 1 " to' ,1i 1'''ll

Bulk roo,,,,rrt 1-1,1 ,rul s , s

oVt11

'

sus

s 0 " I

j41 ; 1,11i 1

Soil moisture retentiont I , ' , r , , ,eal 1Z +.

I- "au`u

, "in u a ,laun

, ', 111 V I ; . lit;,I,,, /' I o

'1 o° 1, oo' o 1' I , il

1 '' I '

1

1,', 111,

40

, ssui 11/su

o o 111 oo '1'1' _11

J;t11, t'' o, o O

o '1111;1 '; o

Pf., to P

, LA; A h L.

!,; A ;AA ,,uuL

= A;

11

h

41

h ;.t

,

P I;

,q 1,965)(1. ,

APPENDIX 2. SELFCTFD REPFE:JENTA'PTVE SOIL PROFILE DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYTICALDATA

Profile Unit FAO classification

11 ,

42

E,t2

.

25 70 c

m-

SOI

'7S

IS R

ESU

LT

S

a2a

EC

3.7

1.6

0.6

0.1

2.7

0.9

0.5

0.2

0,

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.

Na

CE

Ccl

ayM

ET

HPR

B.1

R

Solu

ble

Salts

N -

Non

e

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

---

1.0

012

4826

61

06

40H

0.0

012

4626

51

09

24

I62

0 °

012

"4

i0

1326

H

42

117

21H

Prin

t dat

e: 2

2106

/89

020

6.4

6.1

5.6

5.6

5.4

0,0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Sm

SfS

iC

lay

zeg/

100g

r

A0

;60

aone

6LL

BT

firm

,a

fine

caïc

areo

u w

hite

odul

es,

stro

ngly

cal

care

ous,

ver

y fe

wro

ots,

7--

30 -

70

26 ores

,

auoN

VE

cT

..99

EÇ

OT

16

RS9 z

ET

IO

ZE

T

VR

91E

961

9E

=dd

001'0t,N

LZ

U9

7

OO

T09

0907

OZ

0V

S7 I 0 S

C".V

GN

't,

-

!los

78/90/ZZ

:aTE

P 7,uT

ad----------------

V

9

------------------------------------------------------------

OZ

o

uger

--

4:0

-

A0

lcts

AIS

15-

4501

S

B1

B2

60 c

m7

20 -

0:80

- 1

00D

: 140

- 1

50

bloay

soft

, cor

,ie c

ore

:es,

non

Salts

S-

Non

e

tic TT

.

non

calc

areo

n

riD

II v

ery

fine

and

9

10

53 56

36 24

5

26 4E 77 38

0,0

0

0,4

20.

0

1.9

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

16

0.1

1,8

0O0.

20.

10.

0

0,0

7.9

0.3

0.2

0,7

DA

i0.

037

0,0

0

010

6.5

6,5

2040

5.1

4.7

50h

47

A

Al

5 -

15 cm

Btkl

15 -

35 cm

Btk2

35-

70 cm

1

Btk3

70 - 110 cm

Soil Survey of

Dc,

byb,

half of pit has 7-

-ydules.

90 - 110

GRASSCOV-a:

> 70 %

DRAINAGE

:imperfe

.rained

HUMAN INF: nil

Irregular hard calcareous white

irte

1b

ocky

structure,

r-r -o:rareons,

very

few

------------

e:22/06/89

SAYTLES:

-5

3:

5C:

15-

35

D:

40 -

7, A

R D

PP7

Na

NN

ona

-4-

g

157.

36.

90.

12

0.5

357.

36.

90.

11

0.3

4060

7.7

7.0

0.1

10.

2

6.9

6.4

0.1

60.

3

0.2

15.6

2 27.9

31

0.2

6.0

0.3

0.1

0.0

0.0

04

2522

63

0.0

100

0.0

14

1812

4B

647

00

428

241

52

35

527

216

2638

122

218

79 71 7

1

71 78

OFT

-P)

7

SUR

F,w

ide,

nil

evid

ence

of

salt,

PAFI

V=

1

MrI

TE

T

"PlR

F,4P

,1_,

FC

(°11

J 01

REMARKS:

SAMPLES:

A:

Al

Lc.

lavaren

- 140 cm

2.5Y 00 (moist)

and

2.5Y 4in (r1,-.0)

care

e gr

anul

ar

stro

ngL

umco

arse

ang

ular

apts

, 01(

wav

ynd

ary,

VE

GE

TA

TIO

N: g

RC

A.,

OU

TC

RO

P: n

one-,

=kr

..

TV

AT

:10

68 m

SKR

: aqu

ic

V:

rzE

dS-

7`11

`,PE

,

CRASSCOVER:

s 70 %

hAnd

, non

cal

care

ous,

abr

unt w

avy

boun

dary

.

GEOL.UNIT:

DRAINAGE

:po

orly

dra

i,,

HUMAN INF: nil

=:e

str

ong

v.,c

7nr

-__n

x'1=

,==.1° s.= nnen:In7 11.7,71rx

e==

p-cc

t

11

512

c-

B1

12 -

40 cm

52

40 - 140 cm

70

55:

5 -

12

C:

12 -

40

D:

E:

110 -

130

cure

, ve)

mon

very

fin

e an

d fi

ne p

ores

,

ST

AA

IS R

ES

ULT

S

ell

A0

56.

36,

1

B5

326.

36,

10.

2

C12

406.

26,

10.

2

D50

706.

46,

30.

2

E0.

2

LA

----

----

-

CE

CE

aM

gK

Na

,841

41e

size

'Re

9'M

ET

H

il

54.5

20

3.3

O._

44

42

46

7764

50.9

27.7

" 3

2.8

0.3

2i

43

04

8556

51.0

210.

33

43

10

483

57H

519

214

O.(

01

43

13

583

59H

51,1

,0.

40.

0100

0.0

03

31

18

8359

1-uo O'T

- OT

T

_w

o, OT

T -

'MD

oTV

O-O

--o

)S

fTT

OS

-

STANDARD SOIL ANALYSIS RESIN,.

vrC

ovr

rM

VNa

Exac

PBS

Carbo

soss

4-15

51-

0 fo

5455

5%)

A0

.,5

300

001100

001

12

L.

8.8

8,3

00

001

I001

5001

'-

13

22

13

31

I56

88

P

0O

901

016

001

001

4.0

03

23

17

32

051

78

I0,1

3001

201

0)

14

25

16

30

248

62

HRETR

.171.4.10420 `I'

7'

auou

uaAa

o

MD

-5'7

STA

ND

AR

D S

OIL

AN

AL

'S

5

157.

06.

35,

7

2030

6.8

6,7

5070

7.6

7.2

r.

-

Na

Exa

cPB

S

seq/

10C

O3.

_Ds

0.0

40.

64.

47.

61.

30.

30.

00.

0

0.1

70.

48.

03.

92.

40.

50.

80.

095

0.0

08

43

0.4

'7.0

5.8

3.7

0.7

1,4

0,0

"0.

00

736

17

0,5

83.

27

0O

736

16

0.4

3,7

70

04

2123

----

----

14 23 36

235

23

42

14 27 29 53E

'

Btk

Btg

l15

-30

cm

60 c

m

aJkc

ior

Rop

v.

inte

rmed

part

hum

moc

&s3

10:)

.70

- 0.

stra

ight

2L,

triF

.1B

1

,SSC

OV

ER

: 30

- T

impe

rfe,

HU

MA

N I

NF:

nil

Stat

us: 2

:_lf

061B

9

150:

15 -

30C

:40

-60

0:80

- 1

00A

:

A15

carn

epr

esSt

suba

ngul

ar b

lock

y st

ruct

ure,

irte

and

f

9W

1919O

I1I

TZ

a

--------------------------------------------------0

0'6'0

YO

g'9ET

*0O

YO

00i'0

FiC

O0

T'0

L9

Z'O

,-/-EC

OO

0°0SISI- NV

7 IOS M

ON

VIS

£9'Z

1°9

SOIL

rno

i

8115

40 c

m

BZ

40-

80 c

m

B's

80 -

120

cm

--

very

few

nard

cal

care

ouswhite con.

se w v

ery

fine

roo

tu

pore

s, v

ery

few

cmm

on

stru

ctur

e,e7tst,

-----------------------

'-te:

22/0

6/89

urs

but

08

B:

-40

Al

08

cm 1

0L-

,ve

ry I

nm

y bo

nada

-y

70%

-fr

e

68/90/ZZ

:01

ZL

OL

.1200Iibac

SvID0a0

LT

TE

T0*i

g'7Z

°II'7E

OT

'71

OT

STE

000

ZT

LT

00'1

OI

ET

EO

01

9'ZT

'l

7'iZ

'IE

9',ZE

O6'0

g*LI

6'

'0T

7'1ZZ

'

70

o

68/90W----------

OU

T

,L.091 -

N.,7O

giO

ZI

SR

czo

STA

ND

AR

D S

OIL

kN

AL

YST

S R

ESU

LT

S

A8 15

6,9

6.5

2040

7.5

507.

87,

3

EC 0.

20

0.3

0

0.5

0.4

i

5

.4 0.9

1.2

1.2

0.3

.0

0.0

0 0

3 4 3 3

15 17 15 j

12 10 1(3

2

24 6

60 63 62

CF.

mE

rEi

PRE

TR

meq

/100

gr

70 72 79

Ai

0 -

5 cm

A2

523

cm

0123

-50

cm

0250

-

B3

85 -

120

cme,

Bk

jNIT

:

calc

are In

seIn

d fe

w

----

- a-

etes

t1

06/8

9

55

-23

-Z

012

0 -

150

HE

t tL

00ooi 00

741.r

ET

,

7969

9Z

Z01

91

0000I 00

E'T

140LÇ

upt

E-0

Z'L

91.O

ZT

EH

H

09g9

LL

LÇ

Lti

I00

L600

90T

HO

1471. Z4 7'0%

7'0t

I401'9

9'9

999g

6z

L9

916

000

g40T

*0L

LC

Ot

T*0

0Ç9

ccE

E

999g

6z

9gi

RO

OT

HJ

g'0t

YO

9'gE

*9E

Zg

Z9

9gt

L9

81O

t0

0L

g°0li

1064g

Z49

Ç0

IN V

IS

SOIL

PH

YSI

CA

L P

RO

PER

TIE

S--

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

---

Son-

-

.Og

___Y

nOtr

-npo

rnr_

tt?L

=tr

oont

- -r

n;--

rtsl

on-.

4PL

Iit O

nnon

n--

en tr

g,nr

genr

sten

nnz

- II

-O

ng-

npre

,7L

t-

LL

-'

S.10

1,7

EL

fas

t wet

ting

tIIP

SYln

SkPE

In S

IEY

O--

et n

it

?s°

-ro

n -

Ogo

ns ;"

;.

-gr

a_Pg

's

A5

2331

.61

1

2350

531

.65

851.

3736

.82

6735

.,06

30.

24.3

.7

re d

ng 1

5

sn e

quat

ion

F-at

whe

re

Al

Btg

Cki

18 9

clez 70

cm

95 c

m

0D

;75

-95

E; 1

00 -

120

'888

8

8888

87st

raig

ht

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

-N

aE

ize

(wei

ght 2

)

213

68

i18

49

214

81

220

56

729

28

OR

E

aSfS

vfS

aSi

fSi

Cla

ym

eq/1

00gr

----

----

----

----

--

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

--

-'

te22

/06/

89

0

20 50 75

18 40 70 95

9.0

7.4

8

8.1

0.1

0,1

0.1

0.1

0,1

1 2

16

5 4

1.0

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.3

12.8

9.4

20.1 .2

..3

53.9

54.9

0.5

0.0

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

0..

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

.0 .0

0 0 0 0 O

7 3 6 7

38 42 38 36

31 30 32 27

7 6 7 6

1 1 1 2

ST

AN

DA

RD

SO

IL A

N--

----

----

----

----

----

--IS

RE

SU

LTS

-20

cm

Bi

20-

45 c

m

3245

-7,

1 cm

337(

2045

50 -

700:

90 -

110

(dry

), s

and

arm

: ust

ic

..Nrh

ar,

zain

ed

d fe

w

So'

107

STA

ND

AR

D S

OIL

AN

A

CE

C 1.7

1.1

0.1

0

1.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

1.7

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.0

1.4

1.0

0.2

0,1

0.0

Non

e

[0,

fSi

330

04

35

ppm

wei

ght %

A0

200

20.

2

2545

4.9

4.3

0.0

20.

0

C50

704.

94.

4

4434

90.

0

290=

00

842

3510

290.

00

1267

0.0

nE

Al

O3c

Bi

10

3260

Bk

Cck

no c

rack

s

aqui

c

> 7

0 1

S T

''r`

SOIL

AN

AL

YSI

SID

_m

9_=

m

PRO

]

PHE

CN

a

'ES

cSi

ESi

Cla

y

1.9

0,2

71.

40.

2

52.

00.

4

1-Z

93

28

64w

514

103

25

6168

H

412

103

26

6273

H

0 . 9

14

117

32

667

H

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

--

PRE

TR

6.5

6,1

7.1

6.8

7.0

6.4

O 310

3050

0 L

atiat

09

001:

44a4'42-

V

47-494',

_17:4444

STAN1

RD SOIL ANALYSIS REDO',

weight

7.7

3.4

1.6

8.3

70.3

1.1

0.2

20.9

0.2

20.6

_2.8

2.3

1.1

0.2

52.8

3.1

0.8

0.2

0.0 >100

w.w

5

3.9

.2

O.

CECclny

ro

vro

fay

fSi

Clay

meq/100gr

---------------------------------------------------------

44

66

520

54

78

A

4O

20

63

71

A

22

44

316

63

75

A

54

44

323

49

82

11

A

e: 22/06/89

- None

PRO

SA11-

pH

015

15

35

40

60

t-..)

A

sp,"

Frd

,:'

PA

P,E

r

,

RF

YA

R1

Btl

10 -

Bt2

B:

1030

35 -

55

-

- 30

Sc

rrr

S

ccvt

ci.

Im

y 10

0

69

166

522

3382

HA

Prin

t dat

e: 2

2/06

'

010

8.2

1030

6.6

6.1

0.1

6

7.1

0.2

7

A A

1216

1013

2196

610

169

919

2897

D S

OIL

AN

AL

YSI

S R

ESU

LT

SST

AN

D

____

____

____

____

,- _

___

_,

_, _

...-

___

_ __

____

_---

----

-_-_

_-_-

__--

----

-__-

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

____

_-__

____

__..

-___

----

----

----

---_

_-_-

_---

---

--30

1. 'P

RO

FfL

IT,

r,E,SC,F..T)-11

. 0362

Unit: KS06

____

_._

____

____

_--

----

----

--__

_---

-___

____

_---

----

----

----

----

----

----

---.

__

--: -

----

----

_-__

-__-

.- _

.-_-

--

SHE

ET

:18

27:1

GR

U,

:L

K-6

66,-

-,-

AG

.P.0

ri_

I1:1

7..0

.71-

:11

31

LO

CA

TIO

N,

3an-

LO

ga ,N

,:f

:,)-.

.)-.

17er

p cl

aic-

2,5e

m li

2.r

ib b

prca

r.,2

00K

P) 1

8-36

-5)

Z:

,E

LE

vAT

IOP

-

AU

TH

OR

(3):

E.V

e).W

ap))

ze:

B,:7

) M

-pga

Pane

A.M

ar?.

.w.

E T

ele°

,...s

ipD

A7E

n10

j.).-

..',_

,,.;

CLASSITTAllriN

FAC:

:-=

-Y--

-,A

zePn

s,1

(,:9

-)-4

)9M

R: u

stic

S7

)!,

"-ip

(%

,..J7

:-..F

elr:

LANLFORM

:pia).r-

LA

ND

raD

IEN

I:

du))

.P9S1TPTPT) crest

TOROCRAPH5):

alT

osu

l'..a

:M

,.7,'.

2RD

TO

P9C

P)5W

4Y)even

);".),OPS

70

-1

%straight

SURF. CHAR. no sealing, no cra-p), nil.

evId

P)-_

-)e

..!).

es):

,ble-s.,),-peJ

',J,,T

s,--)).p!,,p.

:AND USE: nc appare.7.)

ln):.s.)erJe,at

u-73

7:er

'5GET4TIf.-Ai: wood1ap,4

GRASSCOVER:

>70

%

SPECIE."

:Trees

-K

l!°.

..:.

c),,,Idnar..a

,.p.,.

.)E

aì-g

a,ea

t1)),p).j-.:gs

t.Ap,

5r`:

iS''''

''fP'

.2, s

Pgc-

leas

is,

:Snrabs -

:G

rass

e,if

'prc

s-PAP,DTT MATERTAl: se-IL:-.a

pa-,:-.

ROCK TYPE:

CEOL.UNIT:

MOIST. (XND! dry 0

-14))

-,-::

ORPINA_GE

:so

mew

hatexcessively drained

SURF:STONES: tiona

ROCK OUTCROP: none

EROION

:rdl

HUMAN INT: nil

REMARKS:

SAMPLES:

A:

0-

20

B:

25-

45

C:

70 -

90

A0

-20

cm

10YR

fpLoistr and

,r,a

. h!?

.(dry

74ar

ld.

Pea'r.

apd coarse suba

.blocky structure, soft, many very fine and fine pores, non calcareous, few

fine

ara

geilu

zranns, .11ea)

smooth 1.,Putdaty.

B1

20 -

50 cm

7.5YR 4/5 (moist) and 7.5YR 5/5 (dry), sand, very weak coarse

subangpl

1-0P

cky

structure,

snft,

)),

P,v

fine and fir.e nnro,,

non calcareous, few fine and medium roots, gradual wavy bounda

132

50 -

100

cm

5YR

-6

and5

fR f

,6 (

drp)

.70

uc),E.se

-.

structure, sae

very fine

pores,

-c77

--e.

!7 f

ire

and

=

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

--So

:7A0/BOT/85/011

prin

t dat

e:22/06/89

V

919Z

66Z

1

Fs --------fy-A

- a

TI

z0 1

1

6CZ

Z0'0

1'

T9 00

7'0

0°0

1°SE

'9O

Z

?"1177:14:7S

g

,IOS C

I1YG

NV

IS

----

----

----

son,

'-rT

rr .

rPr

ofile

PA 0

901

Uni

t: K

S09

Stat

us: 1

A0

18 c

m63

? 3

mis

tR

O £

YR

411

(e_ny',,

fine

san

d,fi

fe p

ores

non

oalo

aron

so

18 -

31 c

m5Y

R 3

14 (

nalo

t) a

nd 5

YR

4/4

(dr

y,no

n ot

inky

Pon

pla

eno,

com

mon

vcn

p.p

o

Btl

3155

cm

4YR

3/5

tmoi

st)

and

4r. 4

/5or

y), f

ine

non

sc7.

..ky

DO

TI

p1.s

tr,p

at7.

-ny

than

clta

8t2

55 -

95 c

m?

555

?in

(mo4

on)

l!,7

5 4:

Flo

any

-L5c

sto

ny a

un p

lasn

in, r

noto

onog

ncto

boo

ndar

y.

Bt4

140

- 16

6 cm

2.5Y

R 3

/6 (

moi

st)

and

2.5Y

R 4

/6 (

dry)

, 1t.

fine

san

d to

non

stic

ky n

on p

last

i-!.

. -=

-inu

ous

mod

eral

yco

arse

roo

ts,

E:

95 -

140

F: 1

40 -

166

ísry

wea

k m

ediu

m s

uban

gula

r bl

ocky

str

ucso

ft v

ery

fria

ble,

non

stic

ky n

on p

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ic, c

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d fi

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nd f

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ary.

sand

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ar 1

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ure,

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t ver

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iabl

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sand

,,.

., ar

se a

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uctu

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licht

ly h

ard

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ver-

pore

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on c

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ew f

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and

ium

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s,

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----

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of

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aFA

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moi

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an0

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ase

atIO

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on n

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ing

little

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re.

SAM

PLE

S:A

:0

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:18

-31

C:

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ET

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25D

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ZO

NE

: 181

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CA

TIO

N:

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ridg

e 11

Pand

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CO

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): 1

8-37

-11-

625

-37-

41-E

EL

EV

AT

ION

:11

03 m

AU

TH

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(S):

A.R

emm

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TE

:26

/03/

56C

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TIO

N,.¡

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rgi-

Luv

ic A

reno

sol(

1988

)A

xeni

c Fe

rric

Acr

isol

(19

74)

icl'i

amm

entic

kan

dic

Pale

ustu

lt;

sand

ysi

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pert

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tem

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oodl

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ASS

CC

NE

R: 3

0 -

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IES

: Tre

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dom

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cm

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OSI

ON

:sl

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et e

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onH

UM

AN

IN

F: b

orro

w p

it

STANDARD SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS

PP°vILE: PA 0901

PRETR

H20

-----------------

CEC

Ca

Mg

KNa

Exac

PBS

Carbo

Particle size (wei

ppm

weight %

meq/100gr soil -

--O

%Z

vcS

cS

mS

fS

---------------------------------------------

viS

cSi

fSi

Clay

CECclay

METH

meq/100gr

A0

18

5.2

4.4

v.0

12

0.5

2.4

0.9

0.5

0.1

0.1

0.0

67

0.0

024

50

14

45

8

18

31

5.0

4.4

0.0

40.3

2.3

0.2

0.6

0.1

0,1

0.0

43

0.0

018

52

14

41

29

12

31

55

4.6

4.2

0.0

50.2

2.6

0.5

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.0

50

0.0

132

48

720

55

95

5.7

4.1

0.0

10.2

2.2

0.5

1.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

77

0.0

037

44

E95

140

5.3

3.8

0.0

20.2

3.2

0.3

1.2

0.2

0.1

0.0

56

0.0

125

46

13

11

22

140

166

5.3

3.9

0.0

10.2

3.1

0.3

0.8

0.2

0.3

0.0

52

0.0

018

49

13

32

113

18

Soil Survey of Botswana

FAO/BOT/851011

Print date:

METHOD:

PRETREATMENT:

HH

ydr.

,sm

eter

Met

hod,

PPipette Metcoci,

0 - OtgarS,7,

Yat

-e7_

,E - Eres Irca.

te

* = Nct Kno%m

atnr.

SSoluble Salts

NNone

PART,SIZE DE

SO

IL P

HY

SIC

AL

PR

OP

ER

TIE

S

zing

3...

1.ttl

trom

eter

LcC

:11

ve,..

'

Nc.

Eas

y. (

c=ra

iY

catit

fiCrc

atIc

'ct

adoe

a__-

----

cl 5

wa.

.:-..,

ret.e

ittz,

Cr.

-C

,0(!

2-7_

,0.

00.

00';1

'...r

1;0

aS

t. ;'.

.t.1

30.

3ri,

,i11(

S:u

sed

clod

s

So

b_ S

urve

y of

Br-

--6/

89

SU

RF

AC

EST

RU

CT

UR

E S

TA

BIL

ITY

----

----

C.J

...f7

Ft!1

5.0b

ar--

----

-.A

018

1.73

6.40

1318

311.

735.

302.

1

C31

551.

722.

1

D55

951.

59C

L3.

6

E95 140

140

166

1

a, CL

3.6

3.6

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

-

V,71:

------------------

-----------6`.

------------------------------------

SHEET

:182583

LOCATION :

Pandaratenga plain, 2.9km S of Kazume foreee,

AUTHOR(S): A.B.Price

M,D.Mays

A.Renmelzwaal

CLASSIFICATION

FAO:

Pellic Vertisol(1988)

Pellec Vertisc] (19:L:

ST

: TYpic Pellnstert

very fine

imontncrrJ o. ci

erthernic

LANDFORM

: lacnstrine plain

TOPOGRAPHY: flat

SURF. CHAR: no sealine. cracks 5 en wide, ni) evidence ef salt,

LAND USE: commercial devlae0 fermieee zeops: sorg-o

SPECLES

:Trees

-

Shrubs -

: Grasses/forbs-

PAR

EN

T tW

1ER

lAL

lacustrine

MO

IST

. OO

ND

: moi

st 0

- 1

05,eleghtly moist 105 - 150 cm

SURF.STONES: none

EROSION

:slight sheet

Soil Survey of Botswana

FAO/BOT/85/011

REMA -,'

US1

modifications by 1

'2'

.6-86; revis ring profile when dry.

SAM

II,

A:

0 -

17

B:

17 -

38

C:

3 -

61

D:

61 - 105

E:

85 - 105

110 - 150

Apl

0 -

3 cm

10YR 311- (moist) and 10YR 3.5/1 (dry), clay (60% clay), strong sdium

:chree

eetructure, hard firm, very sticky very plastic, few

very fine pores, non calcarecee

no roots, abrupt wavy boundary-

Ap2

3 -

17 cm

10YR 3/1-

and 10YR 3.5/1

11,

clay (60% clay', moderate medium subangular blocky structure, very hard firm to very firm,

very ste:ky eery pl.stic,

sleceensides on pedfaces, few very fine pores, non calcareous, cannon very fine and few medium roots, clear wavy boundary,

131

17 -

38 cm

.,0YR 3/0.1 (moist) and 10YR 3.5/0.5 (dry), clay (651 elay), moderate ver

eoaree Teismaeic

fale

ire

seert into moderate medium and coarse

angular blocky structure, extremely hard very friable,

1ey

sticky very ele-erec, beoken

eilekee,:ides

pedfaces, few very fine pores, non calcareous, common

very fine roet

clear wavy boundary.

B2

38 -

61 cm

10YR 3/0.5 (moist) and 10YR 3.5/0.5

L,

42,y

!-,7

clay), moderate very coarse prisnatic falling apart into medecate nedior eod eoarse

wedge shaped angular bloCky structure,

,,eeed very friable, very sticky very plastic, continuous

partly interseee;ea stlekeesides

on pedfaces, non calcareous, few very fi;

ffuse wavy boundary.

83

61 - 105 cm

10YR 3/0.5 (moist) and 10YR 3.5/0.5 (dry), clay (70% clay), weak very eearee erismeti-

erate medium and coarse wedge shaped angule-

,eructure,

extremely hard very friable, very sticky very plastic, continuous

paetle iheursPcting slickensides on pedfaces, non calcareous, ver)-

fins roots,

gradual irregular boundary.

105 - 150 cm

10Y

R3/0.5 (moist) and 10YR 3.5/0.5 (dry, aay (701 clay), moderat,

ry coarse wedge shaped angular blocky structure, extremely hard very firm,

very sticky very plastic, broken

par,:ly intersecting slickensides

edfaces, few fine spherical hard calcareous white nodules, non calcareous, very few

very fine roots,

------------7

rofile. PA 0902

Unit' L25.2

Sre::,

print date: 22/06/89

IRIO

LL-486-5A41

AGRC, CIIM 20E 181

C(10Re: 1g-27-47-S

25-34-01-E

7EVAT704

:1068 m

DL'a

27'0:86

LA140

; not ape!jeoese

P3SY4d: interretian pare

?1OPC TOXe4;.J.,:;!.

:La

221 PE

!0

0.3T,

streJett

VE

GE

GR

ASS

OO

VE

R:

RO

CK

TY

PE:

GEOL.!MT;

tC,Eemperfeetle dcaleee

ROCK OUTCROP: none

HUMAN IN)!: ploughing

Soil

Surv

ey o

f B

ot,..

nna

PAR

T.S

IZE

71/0

6/89

STA

ND

AR

D

PRO

FIL

E; P

A 0

902

SOIL

AN

AL

YSI

S R

ESU

LT

S

SAM

PLE

DE

PTH

PHE

CP

CC

EE

Ca

Mg

ICN

aE

xac

PBS

Car

Le

siI

CE

Ccl

ay

1120

CaE

L2

ppm

veig

htm

eq/1

00gr

soi

l-----------a

%%

os

mS

fS

víS

cf.

ESi

Cla

yze

q/10

0gr

A0

177.

16.

60.

04

0.9

74.3

54.1

14.8

1.8

0.3

0.0

970.

01

34

43

17

7693

B17

387.

97.

20.

01

0.5

71.5

54.1

14.5

1.6

1.0

0.0

>10

00.

01

34

43

23

8186

00 r-,

C D

38 61

61 105

8.1

8.1

7.4

7.3

0.3

0.2

1 2

0.5

0.6

70.9

77.5

54.3

14.8

1.7

1.9

0.0

51.5

14.9

1.6

2.6

0.0

>10

0

91

0.0

0.0

0 1

00

23

2 3

1 3

4 4

6 2

86 82

80 92

8510

58.

27.

50.

31

0.7

73.4

52.7

15.7

1.7

3.5

0.0

100

0.0

32

33

22

481

87

110

150

8.3

7.5

0.3

10.

780

.459

.617

.51.

84.

30.

0 >

100

0.0

12

32

38

7998

l'asiiiaal'El7.

a-

3,=

Sol

uble

Sal

tsN

- N

one

SOIL

PH

YSI

CA

L P

RO

PER

TIE

SY

PP. 0

902

____

____

_ _

_ __

___-

__n

INT

I(dP

,AT

500

(.17

0011

0. (

ntiit

r-In

t d:..

Ifle

rin

g in

filtr

oile

:er

for

-07-

11at

ive

tire

cf 4

hrs

'a°

aHd

'n' a

re c

onst

ants

'.-H

. 7-

ltw

here

No.

PasL

c ;c

d1-

nE

.>ci

mo1

ati7

(.-.

ilf1

1-ra

tion

:,:m

and

t-el

apse

e_ ti

me

rm.:I

&3H

1Pe_

Den

sity

: ove

n dr

y, m

ear

..::,

5 m

eam

Hm

emeH

ts -

CL

- -

1odi

..HC

- c

ore

10.

00.

00 0

.00

-,(o

ls:ti

e Pa

tent

10c!

Ter

...st

y?.

lbar

m c

ore

or c

lelf

,: le

nsio

r -,

.lb

ar o

n <

2mm

c.r

Hst

ed H

am0l

e-2

0.0

MO

0.0

0,-

rurt

:ral

Sta

bilit

. .7.

m.d

em: c

r -;

mr

seiv

ad s

ames

<2o

m o

f F,

urfe

ce s

oil,

tsri

0e r

cita

p-la

mve

r ,-

Hr,

-.. H

m s

low

& f

ast w

ettin

g3

0.0

0.00

0.0

0

'AC

E S

TR

UC

TU

1-L

ITY

IN

DE

X:

0.00

__-_

-_-_

-_--

----

----

--_-

_---

----

----

----

---_

_.,

DE

PTH

(m

'B

UL

K D

EN

SIT

Yt

t"(g

(00,

.0 ,r

C0"

,':

0.3b

ar1.

0bar

)bar

15.0

bar

.---

----

----

----

----

----

--

.._

-_-_

____

____

_

A0

177.

00C

L57

.30

54.3

037

.8

1738

1.02

CL

56.7

054

.00

37.7

3861

1.05

CL

56.1

053

.00

38.6

6184

1.09

CL

53.4

050

.30

38.5

E84

105

1.04

L56

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53.6

(.39

.1

105

0.99

CL

62.0

056

.4C

38.8

----

---

----

---

----

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:use

e-H

iHtu

re r

et -

ton

.(,

,.40/

BO

T/8

50:H

1Pr

int d

a H

a,

Printed by Agricultural Information ServicesMinistry of Agriculture

PIBag 003, Gaborone, Botswana1 2/8 9