PowerPoint Presentation

The Skills Mismatch: the biggest problem facing the next Government

Lord Baker of Dorking CH

Sunday Times Festival of Education, Wellington College20th June 2014

We know the problem:In 2013, the top two shortages for jobs worldwide were for skilled trades workers and engineers.

Global Talent Shortage Survey, Manpower Group

The economy is changingSource: UKCES, Working Futures 2010-2020 Evidence Report, 2011 http://www.ukces.org.uk/publications/er41-working-futures-2010-20204An even bigger story: the baby boomers are retiring (Thousands)Source: UKCES, Working Futures 2010-2020 Evidence Report, 2011 http://www.ukces.org.uk/publications/er41-working-futures-2010-20205Huge numbers of people will be needed by 2020Between 2012 and 2020, we need 830,000 SET professionals (degree level)450,000 SET technicians (levels 3 and 4)

SET = science, engineering and technologyFigures include growth + replacement demand (mainly to replace baby boomers planning to retire)Source: Royal Academy of Engineering and Big Innovation Centre, Jobs and growth: the importance of engineering skills to the UK economy, 2012 - http://www.raeng.org.uk/news/publications/list/reports/Jobs_and_Growth.pdf 6But supply wont meet demandDemand for science, engineering and technology graduates: 104,000 per year between 2012 and 2020Number of new graduates taking UK jobs in SET occupations: 64,000 per yearShortfall: 40,000 graduates per year

UNIVERSITIESSource: Royal Academy of Engineering and Big Innovation Centre, Jobs and growth: the importance of engineering skills to the UK economy7Higher education has grown rapidly but not in all subjects

Percentage of graduates in non-graduate jobs 30 months after graduating, by class of degree

Purcell K, Elias P, Atfield G, Behle H, Ellison R and Luchinskaya D (2013), Futuretrack: Transitions into Employment, Further Study and Other Outcomes. Manchester: Higher Education Careers Services UnitEmployment in retail, catering, waiting and bar jobs six months after completing a first degree in 2012AGCAS and HECSU (2013), What Do Graduates Do?http://www.hecsu.ac.uk/assets/assets/documents/WDGD_Sept_2013.pdf

Area of studyPercentage of graduatesin work who had retail, catering, waiting and bar jobsFine Arts29.0Media Studies26.7Performing Arts23.5Design23.1Sociology22.7Physical and Geographical Sciences22.1History21.1English21.4Biology20.8Law19.8Psychology18.9Geography18.8Sports Science17.4Marketing15.9Politics15.4Languages15.2All employed graduates13.7Business and Management Studies13.7Chemistry13.1Finance and Accountancy11.3Computer Science and IT10.5Maths9.3Physics9.0Electrical and Electronic Engineering8.8Economics7.9Architecture and Building7.9Mechanical Engineering5.6Civil Engineering4.7

Over the last 20 years, there has been a steady erosion of laboratory skills taught in school science.

Gatsby Charitable FoundationSCHOOLSThe development of D & T in the UK has seen a move away from a skills-focused curriculum to a knowledge-focused one.

Mike Martin and Gwyneth Owen-Jackson: Is design and technology about making or knowing?Design and Technology GCSE: only one student in three takes a high-tech optionOfsted (2011), Meeting technological challenges? Design and technology in schools 200710

13But Design and Technology GCSE is taken by only one student in three14Therefore the proportion of all students taking high-tech options isResistant Materials: 8.4%Electronic Products: 1.4%Systems and Control: 0.6%15In Austria, technical and vocational education starts at 14.

In England, most technical and vocational education starts at 16 two years behind.FURTHER EDUCATIONOther countries value vocational education more highly Source: Eurostat, Pupils in upper secondary education enrolled in vocational stream (2010), accessed via http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/education/data/main_tables

17and have lower youth unemploymentSource : Eurostat, Unemployment rate by age group, 2010, accessed via http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/employment_unemployment_lfs/data/main_tables18The connection is obviousSources:

Eurostat, Unemployment rate by age group, 2010, accessed via http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/employment_unemployment_lfs/data/main_tables

Eurostat, Pupils in upper secondary education enrolled in vocational stream (2010), accessed via http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/education/data/main_tables19

Number of 16-24s starting apprenticeships in 2011/12% change since 2010/11Business, admin and the law80,32014.5%Retail and commercial enterprise63,6707.6%Health, public services and care49,91010.5%Engineering and manufacturing38,1006.8%Percentage of each age group participating in apprenticeships at the end of 2012

We need new specialist institutionsSmaller specialist units, includingUniversity Technical Colleges, should be created with stronger linksto business, commerce and industry.

Sir Michael Wilshaw, Her Majestys Chief InspectorUnseen Children, speech, 20 June 2013

New pathways:University Technical Colleges

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The 50 approved UTCs

Some employers partnering with UTCs

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Universities partnering with UTCs

28New pathways:Career Colleges

Career CollegesEstablished by further education colleges subjects linked to labour market hospitality, catering, tourism, financial science, digital graphic art.Employers:partners in designing and delivering the curriculum40% of career college board membersProgression to apprenticeships, higher education and employmentTwo pioneering Career Colleges opening in September 2014 in Bootle and Oldham.New institutions will make a huge difference but they are not enough on their own.Every school should have a link with engineering and manufacturing.My recommendationsGet in touch with your local school. Dont take no for an answer.

Rally behind a smaller number of big initiatives in schools.

Support teachers, especially in Design and Technology.

Get a 3D printer into every school.A FINAL THOUGHTA target for all schools:NO NEETSSo support UTCs!

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