The Skeletal System Part II. Bone Development Slide 5.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc....
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Transcript of The Skeletal System Part II. Bone Development Slide 5.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc....
The Skeletal SystemPart II
Bone DevelopmentBone Development
Slide 5.12Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Osteogenesis (ossification) = the process of bone tissue formation
In embryos this leads to the formation of the bony skeleton
In children and young adults, ossification occurs as part of bone growth
In adults, it occurs as part of bone remodeling and bone repair
Changes in the Human SkeletonChanges in the Human Skeleton
Slide 5.12Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage
During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone
Cartilage remains in isolated areas
Bridge of the nose
Parts of ribs
Joints
Bone GrowthBone Growth
Slide 5.13aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood
New cartilage is continuously formed
Older cartilage becomes ossified
Cartilage is broken down
Bone replaces cartilage
Bone GrowthBone Growth
Slide 5.13bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Bones are remodeled and lengthened until growth stops
Bones change shape somewhat
Bones grow in width
Long Bone Formation and GrowthLong Bone Formation and Growth
Slide 5.14aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.4a
Long Bone Formation and GrowthLong Bone Formation and Growth
Slide 5.14bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.4b
Types of Bone CellsTypes of Bone Cells
Slide 5.15Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Osteocytes Mature bone cells
Osteoblasts Bone-forming cells
Osteoclasts Bone-destroying cells
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium
Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Bone Remodeling and Modeling
http://youtu.be/0dV1Bwe2v6c
Bone FracturesBone Fractures
Slide 5.16Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
A break in a bone
Types of bone fractures
Closed (simple) fracture – break that does not penetrate the skin
Open (compound) fracture – broken bone penetrates through the skin
Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
Realignment of the bone
Bone FracturesBone Fractures
Common Types of FracturesCommon Types of Fractures
Compression FracturesCompression Fractures
Depression FractureDepression Fracture
Compacted FractureCompacted Fracture
Spiral FractureSpiral Fracture
Greenstick FractureGreenstick Fracture
Repair of Bone FracturesRepair of Bone Fractures
Slide 5.18Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus
Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Stages in the Healing of a Bone FractureFracture
Slide 5.19Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.5
Anatomy of a Fracture
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5HwYWShBhw&list=UUDCWgYMRqAQL8uqghy328-g