Body Systems: Skeletal and Muscular. Levels of Organization ~ Organ Systems.
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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Transcript of The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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The Skeletal System
• The bones of the body make up the skeletal system (206 bones in adults)
• FUNCTION: Bones provide protection for internal organs and work with muscles to enable movement
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Label the Skeleton…
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Structure of Bones• There are two layers of bone
– 1st LAYER: The outer compact bone-dense connective tissue with a calcium salt matrix (hard)• Bone cells release calcium in rings
forming tubes called Haversian canals– 2nd LAYER: The inner layer of
spongy bone with many cavities… • (bone marrow makes blood cells and
platelets some bone marrow stores fats for energy)
– Covering-tough exterior membrane called the periosteum
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Joints
• The place where two bones meet are called joints
• A tough connective tissue called cartilage cushions the bones at the joints
• Bands of connective tissue called ligaments hold bones together
anterior cruciate ligament
cartilage
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Types of Joints
• Ball-and-socket joints: allow the widest range of motion – backward, forward, sideways, and in a circle– Hips and shoulders
• Pivot joints: allow a rotation movement– Vertebrae in the neck
• Hinge joints: allow bending and straightening– Knees and knuckles
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Ball-and-socket joints
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Pivot Joints
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Hinge Joints
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More Joint Types
• Gliding joints: allow a sliding motion– Wrists and ankles
• Saddle joint: allows rotation and bending– At the base of the thumb
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Gliding Joints
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Hinge Joints
Saddle Joint
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Muscular System
• Although bones allow for movement, they couldn’t do so without the muscular system
• Your body has over 600 muscles
• All muscles are specialized for contraction
"It eats meat. We're meat!” -From Zathura
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Types of Muscles
• Smooth muscle – found in organs and blood vessels…under involuntary control
• Cardiac muscle – found only in the heart…under involuntary control
• Skeletal muscle – attached to bones by strips of connective tissue called tendons
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Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
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How they work…
• Muscles receive a nerve impulse with causes them to contract…
• They are attached to bones in opposing pairs– Flexor muscles cause a joint to bend– Extensor muscles cause a joint to straighten
• Connective tissues called tendons connect the muscles to the bones
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Relationships…
• The muscular and skeletal systems work together to allow movement.
• The circulatory system brings oxygen (respiratory) and nutrients (digestive) to the muscles and removes wastes (excretory).
• The nervous system tells the muscles to move (voluntarily and involuntarily).