The Size of Cells and Their Components. Organic Compounds -Living organisms are made up of organic...
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Transcript of The Size of Cells and Their Components. Organic Compounds -Living organisms are made up of organic...
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The Size of Cells and Their Components
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Organic Compounds- Living organisms are made
up of organic compounds - CHNOPS - main elements found in
living organisms
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- All organic compounds contain carbon(exceptions: CO2, CO, CaCO3)
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- Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
- Carbon based molecules form chains, branched chains, rings, etc.
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4 Classes of Organic Compounds:1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids
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Carbohydrates- contain C, H, O (1:2:1) - include sugars, starches,
cellulose - used for energy storage and
to build cell walls - names usually end in "-ose"
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Lipids- fats, oils, waxes, steroids - not soluble in water - more energy (calories) in
lipids than in carbohydrates- energy storage, insulation,
cell membrane, coatings
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Cell Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
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Proteins:- the most abundant and
varied of organic compounds
- contain C, H, N, O (S)
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A. Types of protein1.Structural: - keratin (hair,
fingernails), collagen2.Contractile: - actin and
myosin (muscle) 3.Pigments: - melanin (in
skin, hair, iris)
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4.Hormones: - regulate body functions (insulin)
5.Antibodies: - fight disease6.Enzymes: - amylase (in
saliva), lactase
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Amino Acids- building blocks of proteins- 20 different amino acids- proteins contain between 50
- 2000 amino acids
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Nucleic Acids- 2 major types:A.DNA
- contains hereditary information (genes) - double helix
B. RNA- controls protein synthesis - single helix