By: Kent Grimes

As the years progressed the settlers in the Americas became angry with their government and their treatment. This was a major affect on the British penitential system. Now that the convicts could not be sent to America, the prisons and hulks (a boat left over from the Napoleonic Wars) in Britain were coming to their maximum capacity.

James Cook’s expedition to the south pacific in 1770 was when he discovered this great landmass that he named Australia. Cook declared the land for England. When the pressure for an area to send their criminals became to great, King George III proclaimed half of Australia as New South Wales.

New South Wales

The first settlement was established in 1804. With 260 people that included 178 convicts. From 1812 to 1853 ships were sent directly from England to the colony. The colony was originally named Van Diemen’s Land. About 67,000 convicts were transported to Tasmania.

Tasmania

This colony was first established to deter the French presence in the area. In 1849 the colony was proclaimed a penal colony of England. In 1868 the last ship carrying the last 260 convicts arrived.

Western Australia

This colony was created as a crown colony, it was never a penal colony of England. From 1836 – 1850 between 37 and 39 thousand settlers arrived in South Australia.

South Australia

In 1841 New Zealand separated from New South Wales. Victoria was established in 1851, the first immigrants arrived in Port Philip in 1839. The only convicts sent to Victoria from England were the exiles. Other convicts came because of tickets of leave and Conditional pardons.

New ZealandVictoria

The colony was established by an explorer who took 30 convicts with him to proclaim it a penal colony. There was only about 2,000 convicts sent to the colony. Then in 1838 the first free settlers came. In 1859 Queensland separated from New South Wales. This colony was first settled by Europeans in 1824 and separated from New South Wales in 1863.Queensland

Northern Territory

1700’s shipment of convicts to America 1775 – 1783 American Revolution 1783 – 1787 British prisons and hulks were at maximum capacity 1787 Lord Sydney agreed for convicts to be shipped to Australia 13/05/1787 First fleet, 11 ships 1790 Second fleet 1791 Third fleet 1825 Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) separated from New South Wales 1827 Western Australia was established 1836 South Australia was established 1841 New Zealand Separated from New South Wales 1851 Victoria separated from New South Wales 1859 Queensland separated from New South Wales 1863 Northern Territory separated from New South Wales

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia http://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/convicts/res-03.html http://australian-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/

convict_transportation http://www.genealogytoday.com/au/articles/

convict_research.html http://www.convictcreations.com/history/crimes.htm http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/convicts/

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