CONTENTS

Introduction..........................................................

THE SHAHR-I SOKHTA GRAVEYARD.......................

Description of the Graves................................Grave 1........................................................Grave 2........................................................Grave 3........................................................Grave 4........................................................Grave 5........................................................Grave 6........................................................Grave 7 Sup. ...............................................Grave 7 Inf. .................................................Grave 8........................................................Grave 9........................................................Grave 10......................................................Grave 11......................................................Grave 12......................................................Grave 13......................................................Grave 14......................................................Grave 15......................................................Grave 16......................................................Grave 17......................................................Grave 18......................................................Grave 19......................................................Grave 20......................................................Grave 21......................................................Grave 22 A..................................................Grave 22 B ..................................................Grave 22 C ..................................................Grave 22 D..................................................Grave 22 E ..................................................Grave 23......................................................Grave 24......................................................Grave 25......................................................Grave 26......................................................Grave 27......................................................Grave 28......................................................Grave 29......................................................Grave 30......................................................Grave 31......................................................Grave 32......................................................Grave 33......................................................Grave 34.1...................................................Grave 34.2...................................................Grave 35......................................................Grave 36......................................................

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19

23232529303333343436383942434748515354565860616263646466676970707172737475767880808282

Grave 37......................................................Grave 38 Inf. and Sup.................................Grave 39......................................................Grave 40......................................................Grave 41......................................................Grave 42......................................................Grave 43......................................................Grave 44 .....................................................Grave 45......................................................Grave 46......................................................Grave 47......................................................Grave 48 .....................................................Grave 49 Sup. .............................................Grave 49 Inf. ...............................................Grave 50......................................................Grave 51......................................................Grave 52......................................................Grave 53......................................................Grave 54......................................................Grave 55 Sup. .............................................Grave 55 Inf. ...............................................Grave 56......................................................Grave 57......................................................Grave 58 Sup. .............................................Grave 58 Inf. ...............................................Grave 59 Sup. .............................................Grave 59 Inf. ...............................................Grave 60......................................................Grave 61......................................................Grave 62......................................................Grave 63......................................................Grave 64......................................................Grave 65......................................................Grave 66......................................................Grave 67......................................................Grave 68......................................................Grave 69......................................................Grave 70......................................................Grave 71......................................................Grave 72 Sup. .............................................Grave 72 Inf. ...............................................Grave 73......................................................Grave 74......................................................Grave 75......................................................Grave 76......................................................Grave 77 Sup. .............................................Grave 77 Inf. ...............................................

8589919395969798

100101101102103103104105106106107108109110111112112113113114115116117117118119120121122123124125126126127128132133133

6

Grave 78......................................................Grave 79 .....................................................Grave 80......................................................Grave 81......................................................Grave 82......................................................Grave 101....................................................Grave 102....................................................Grave 103....................................................Grave 104....................................................Grave 105....................................................Grave 106....................................................Grave 107....................................................Grave 108....................................................Grave 109....................................................Grave 110....................................................Grave 111....................................................Grave 112....................................................Grave 113 Sup. ...........................................Grave 113 Inf. .............................................Grave 114....................................................Grave 115....................................................Grave 116....................................................Grave 117....................................................Grave 118....................................................Grave 119....................................................Grave 120....................................................Grave 121....................................................Grave 122....................................................Grave 123....................................................Grave 124....................................................Grave 125....................................................Grave 126....................................................Grave 127....................................................Grave 128 Sup. ...........................................Grave 128 Inf. .............................................Grave 129....................................................Grave 130....................................................Grave 131....................................................Grave 132 Sup. ...........................................Grave 132 Inf. .............................................Grave 133....................................................Grave 134 Sup. ...........................................Grave 134 Inf. .............................................Grave 135....................................................Grave 136....................................................Grave 137 Sup.. ..........................................Grave 137 Inf. .............................................Grave 138....................................................Grave 139....................................................Grave 140....................................................Grave 141....................................................Grave 200....................................................Grave 201....................................................Grave 202....................................................Grave 203....................................................Grave 204....................................................Grave 205....................................................Grave 301....................................................Grave 302....................................................Grave 303....................................................Grave 304....................................................Grave 305....................................................Grave 306....................................................

136137138140141142143144145145146146148148149151152154155156158159159161164164165166167167168169170170171172173175178178181181182183184185186187188189190191192193194194195195197198199200200

Grave 307....................................................Grave 308....................................................Grave 309 Sup. ...........................................Grave 309 Inf. .............................................Grave 310....................................................Grave 311....................................................Grave 401....................................................Grave 402....................................................Grave 403....................................................Grave 404....................................................Grave 405....................................................Grave 406....................................................Grave 408....................................................Grave 409....................................................Grave 410....................................................Grave 411....................................................Grave 412....................................................Grave 413....................................................Grave 414....................................................Grave 415....................................................Grave 501 Sup. ...........................................Grave 501 Inf. .............................................Grave 601....................................................Grave 602....................................................Grave 603....................................................Grave 604....................................................Grave 605....................................................Grave 606....................................................Grave 607....................................................Grave 608....................................................Grave 609....................................................Grave 610....................................................Grave 701....................................................Grave 702....................................................Grave 703....................................................Grave 704....................................................Grave 705....................................................Grave 706....................................................Grave 707....................................................Grave 708....................................................Grave 709....................................................Grave 710....................................................Grave 711....................................................Grave 712....................................................Grave 713....................................................Grave 714....................................................Grave 715....................................................Grave 716....................................................Grave 717....................................................Grave 718....................................................Grave 719 Sup. ...........................................Grave 719 Inf. .............................................Grave 720....................................................Grave 721....................................................Grave 722....................................................Grave 723....................................................Grave 724....................................................Grave 725 Sup. ...........................................Grave 725 Bis .............................................Grave 725 Inf. .............................................Grave 726....................................................Grave 727....................................................Grave 728....................................................

201202203204205205210210212212213214215216216219220220222223225225227229229230231231232233233234235235236237238239240241243244246251255255256257259260261261262264266267269270271272280281283

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Grave 729....................................................Grave 730....................................................Grave 731....................................................Grave 732....................................................Grave 733....................................................Grave 734....................................................Grave 735....................................................Grave 736....................................................Grave 737....................................................Grave 738 Sup. ...........................................Grave 738 Inf. .............................................Grave 739....................................................Grave 740....................................................Grave 741....................................................Grave 742....................................................Grave 743....................................................Grave 744....................................................Grave 745....................................................Grave 746....................................................Grave 747....................................................Grave 748....................................................Grave 749 Sup. ...........................................Grave 749 Inf. .............................................Grave 750....................................................Grave 751....................................................Grave 753....................................................Grave 754....................................................Grave 755....................................................Grave 756....................................................Grave 757....................................................

285286287296297298299300301301302304306308309310310312313314315317318321322323324326326328

Grave 761....................................................Grave 801....................................................Grave 802....................................................Grave 901 Sup. ...........................................Grave 901 Inf. .............................................Grave 902 Sup. ...........................................Grave 902 Inf. .............................................Grave 903....................................................Grave 904....................................................Grave 905....................................................Grave 906....................................................Grave 907....................................................Grave 908....................................................Grave 1001..................................................Grave 1002..................................................Grave 1003 Sup. .........................................Grave 1003 Inf. ...........................................Grave 1101..................................................Grave 1102..................................................Grave 1103..................................................Grave 1104..................................................

DECORATIVE MOTIFS.............................................

Bibliography.........................................................

APPENDIX: The IsIAO Italian ArchaeologicalMission at Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran: A Biblio-graphy (1967-2006) by Alessandra Lazzari...

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Chart of the Tombs

The various index card entries for each tomb tendtowards a brief description of the main relevant aspectsrelating to the tomb itself, the bodies buried therein andthe grave objects.

The later description was intended partly as anecessary supplement to any interpretation of the plansof the single tombs; furthermore in many cases theprecise location of certain of the grave objects has beenspecified where these are very close to the body,particular care having been taken with the decorateditems; lastly it was thought in other cases that a detailedspecification of the grave objects taphonomy mightencourage and facilitate further and deeper analysis oftheir functional significance and the importance of ritualorder which seems often to be the case.

The following is a key to reading the index cardinformation.

Grave Number

Each tomb has been numbered by giving aprogressive number in multiples of one hundred (from 1to 99, from 101 to 199, etc.) to those tombs found indifferent plots of non-adjoining sections of theexcavation. In some cases the reuse of the same gravefor burials which took place at different times can beexplained by traces of whatever evidence is found in thesoil and from other archaeological proof; in other casesit can be assumed that the same grave was reused atdifferent heights for contemporaneous burials; lastly,various cases of the major or lesser accidentaldisturbance and destruction of earlier burials has beenseen now and then to be caused by the later establishmentof tombs within the same area: in such cases the initialsSUP., INF. and others (less often): A, B and BIS havebeen used throughout the excavation, during the graphicsurvey and later when the materials were inventoried; forthis reason these initials have been kept on theappropriate index cards and their actual meaning hasbeen explained at length in the later description.

Year of Excavation

In the case of some tombs two successive years aregiven, whereby the first year refers to the topographical

identification of the tomb which took place when thewhole section of the Necropolis level was excavated andthe second year corresponds to when that tomb actualexcavation was carried out.

Grave Type

This entry relates to the main types of tombsidentified within the Necropolis: simple pit graves,bipartite-pit graves, catacomb-type graves and thosehaving more complex structures (constructed).

Those tombs where the presence of bricks no longerin situ presupposes the existence of an original partitionstructure have also been included among the bipartite-pittombs, as were burials where even a single brick restingon the burial level or above the body (particularly inburials of babies or children) would anyway point to anintention in some way to divide the grave.

Compared to the previously identified types of tombs(see Piperno 1986), here the pseudo-catacomb type hasbeen grouped together with the grave type. The changessustained by a large part of this type of tombs eithercaused by interference for the reuse of the samesepulchral chamber or due to the frequent collapses thesetombs are subject to, make it impossible to identify anyprecise criteria for distinguishing between the two types.In any case both types, if a real difference in type didexist, were a response to the same constructive intent:that of the separation of the sepulchral chamber from theaccess pit, which was probably necessary for reopeningthis type of tomb for later burials.

Lastly, the ‘constructed’ tombs encompass variousmore complex types of structures as can be seen in theindividual descriptions and in the related illustrations.

Kind of Utilisation

The expressions ‘single’ and ‘multiple’ referrespectively to single burials and those where morebodies are present on the same burial level of the grave,quite apart from the method and sequence of burial of theindividual bodies which is examined and describedunder the heading ‘Inhumation’.

The expression ‘multiple/s(ingle)’ indicates thosecases where the same tomb has been used at differenttimes for single or multiple burials. This happens

THE SHAHR-I SOKHTA GRAVEYARD

frequently in catacomb-type tombs where, after the firstburial of a single individual, the same tomb is sub-sequently reused for the contemporaneous burial of twoor three individuals.

This entry has not been used for those cases of gravesdevoid of individuals and grave objects, or where itemsof grave objects alone were found inside the grave.

Grave Orientation

The orientation of the graves is often difficult todefine due to the irregularity of the graves themselves, orwhen they are roughly circular in shape.

In most cases of the tombs excavated within thegravel ground mass of the central and eastern sectionsof the Necropolis and in those found in sandy groundmass (see Soil Matrix), it was not possible to give aprecise definition of the grave perimeter other thanwhere a differential solidification of the gravel infill ascompared to the grave walls had to some extent allowedfor identification.

The presence of tombs in these areas was identifiedas a consequence of the progressive removal of thegravel layer beneath the salt crust and very often thanksto the ensuing emergence of the partition structureswhich characterise most of the tombs in these sections.

The orientation of the low partition walls, which doesnot always coincide with the orientation of the graves, isindicated in the description.

20

The orientation of access pits leading to burialchambers has been indicated for catacomb-type tombs.

Depth

The depth of the tombs has been calculated from thepresent ground level to the burial level.

Shape

For the reasons already given of the nature of theground mass from which many of the tombs have beendug, the suggested shape is very often just anapproximation of the original shape.

Inhumation

In addition to the expressions ‘Primary’ (relating tothose bodies found perfectly anatomically joined) and‘Secondary’ (relating to isolated bodily remains — suchas the skulls found in some tombs which seem clearly tohave been rearranged — or to skeletons which have beenpiled up where later burials have taken place), theexpression ‘Prim/Secon’ refers to those tombs where,following later burials, both anatomically joinedskeletons and disconnected remains are present.

25

The tomb is situated on the S side of the text pit,which cuts into its S wall. Numerous turquoise and lapislazuli beads were present in the filling; the anatomicallyjoined skeleton of an Ovis/capra was found near the Wedge, a few turquoise and lapis lazuli beads and, closeto the base of the grave but not in direct contact with it,an overturned bowl.

The low partition wall is E/W oriented and consistsof a row of horizontally-laid bricks with a row ofvertically-laid bricks on top of them, slanting slightlytowards that part of the grave containing the burial. Theburial level is approximately 15 cm deeper than theempty part of the grave.

To the left of the skeleton is a jar (G 2/1), a group ofbowls (G 2/3-4-5-6-17) which were originally inside oneanother and which have now collapsed in the direction ofthe skeleton; an overturned bowl (G 2/7) containing awhetstone (G 2/20); a small jar (G 2/8) resting on top ofa bowl (G 2/9); two pear-shaped beakers (G 2/10-11)with their respective contents of turquoise beads and flintbladelets and a schist small slate (G 2/19).

Towards the S edge of the grave in relation to thelower limbs are three small jars (G 2/13-14-15) amongst

which a necklace (G 2/21) had been laid consisting of 62turquoise beads, two gold beads and one central bead ofcalcite, discovered in its original position.

All the grave objects apart from the large jar(G. 2/1) were positioned approximately 15 cm abovethe burial level. To the right of the skeleton on theburial level a calcite spindle-whorl (G 2/23) had beenplaced at shoulder level; a bowl (G 2/16) and a beaker(G 2/2) containing another beaker (G 2/18) were nearthe pelvis.

Traces of cloth were seen around the necklace andunder the schist slate; a broad fragment of cloth appearedto have contained the two beakers (G 2/10-11) and thesmall slate (G 2/19); a woven vegetable fibre bag hadbeen placed next to the bowl (G 2/3).

Some factors such as the position of the verticalbricks and majority of the grave objects slanting towardsthe skeleton, lack of infill inside the jar (G 2/1), differentnature of the infill in the S part compared to the N part ofthe structure and a certain similarity with other tombs(G4, G9, G23, G36), would seem to indicate that G2 hadalso originally been of the small catacomb type.

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIRW 1972 Pseudo-catacomb SingleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeNE-SW Clay cm 110 RectangularInhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 1 ? 20Position of skeleton A Orient. of skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphy3P oO oo 85 NE-SW Present Deposition ground and infillGG attribution to individual GG positionA Before the skeleton and on

the legs

GRAVE 2 (Figs. 4-13)

Fig. 4Fig. 5

Grave Furniture

G2/2 Inv. no. 6075Cylindrical beaker with flat base. Buff ware. Black painteddecoration: frieze composed of metopes separated by doublevertical lines, and alternately filled with vertical pairs of cross-hatched lozenges and diagonal chains of four/five fringedfestoons (DM 3232).Chipped rim.H. cm 16.2; ø cm 8.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10282/1-3; 10298/6-8).Drawing no. 11218.

G2/18 Inv. no. 6091Pear-shaped beaker with flaring rim and cylindrical raised foot.Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck and on partof the upper cone: freeze composed of a sheaf of three zigzags,and a series of regularly spaced hanging garlands (DM 3003 +0072).Partially broken at the rim.H. cm 10.7 (h. cm 3); ø mouth cm 12.5; ø neck cm 5; ø max.cm 7; ø base cm 3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10288/7-8; 10298/6-8).Drawing no. 11215.

G2/10 Inv. no. 6083Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck andupper cone: freeze composed of metopes separated by doublevertical lines, alternately filled with vertical pairs of cross-hatched lozenges, and S-shaped lines with tooth-edged chords(DM 3228.1).H. cm 15.7 (h. cm 4.3); ø mouth cm 7; ø neck cm 5.7; ø max.cm 9; ø base cm 3.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10282/4-6; 10298/6; 10304/6-7).Drawing no. 11216.

26

G2/11 Inv. no. 6084Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck andupper cone: freeze composed of metopes separated by doublevertical lines, alternately filled with cross-hatched lozenges anda stag with long branched horns, stressed ears and long legs(DM 3245.1).H. cm 10.9 (h. cm 2.8); ø mouth cm 5.8; ø neck cm 5; ø max.cm 6.4; ø base cm 3.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10275/5-7; 10298/6; 10304/1-5).Drawing no. 11213.

G2/9 Inv. no. 6082Truncated-conical bowl with straight wall and slightly raisedfoot. Buff ware.H. cm 7; ø mouth cm 12.4; ø base cm 3.7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10279/1-2; 10298/6-8).Drawing no. 11225.

G2/24 Inv. no. 6097Idem with flat base. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on theinterior: cross-hatched lozenges alternate with silhouettes ofstylised stag with long branched horns, long neck, stressed earsand long legs (DM 0065 + 0136).Chipped rim.H. cm 10.7; ø mouth cm 21.8; ø base cm 7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10277/3-5).Drawing no. 11220.

G2/27 Inv. no. 6396Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the interior: notrecorded.Chipped rim. Slightly abraded surfaces.H. cm 11.8; ø mouth cm 22.4.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10831/7-8).

G2/4 Inv. no. 6077Hemispherical bowl with slightly raised foot. Buff ware. Blackpainted decoration on the interior: two lozenge with inscribedtooth-edged diagonal line alternated with two S-shaped lineswith tooth-edged chords (DM 1043 + 1008).H. cm 8; ø mouth cm 16.5; ø base cm 4.7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10275/1-4; 10298/6-8).

G2/3 Inv. no. 6076Cylinder-conical bowl with slightly flaring rim and flat base.Black painted decoration on the interior: four regularly spacedsheaves of 3 stepped lines hanging from the rim (DM 0017).H. cm 6.7; ø mouth cm 15.2; ø base cm 7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10288/4-6; 10298/6-8)

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

G2/1 Inv. no. 6074Globular jar with narrow cylindrical neck, slightly flaring rimand flat base. Buff ware.H. cm 28.5; ø mouth cm 10; ø max. cm 24.2; ø base cm 13.8.(Dep. CS Neg. 10277/2; 10298/6-8).Drawing no. 11219.

G2/23 Inv. no. 6096Truncated-conical spindle whorl. Alabaster.H. cm 1.2; ø cm 2.1.(Dep. CS Neg. 10304/1-2).

G2/19 Inv. no. 6092Small rectangular stone slate with one rounded corner and oneface and sides smoothed. Green schist.L. cm 11.7 × 7.7; th. 0.6.(Dep. CS Neg. 10276/5-8).Drawing no. 11217.

G2/20 Inv. no. 6093Pear-shaped whetstone rectangular in section. Grey calcareousstone.Broken at one end.L. cm 8.5 × 3.7.(Dep. CS Neg. 10276/6-7).Drawing no. 4875.

G2/25 Inv. no. 6098Bracelet made of 18 beads 7 of which lozenge-shaped and 11cylindrical.Lozenge (aver. dim.): h. cm 1.5; l. cm 1.0.Cylindrical (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.6; l. cm 0.3.(Dep. CS Neg. 10304/1-5, 8).

G2/21 Inv. no. 6094Necklace of 60 beads. Turquoise (59); alabaster (1).

28

G2/26 Inv. no. 609999 triangular section bladelets. Flint.Average dimensions: h. cm 3.5; l. cm 0.4.(Dep. CS Neg. 10304/1-2, 6-8).

G2/31 Inv. no. 6400Four beads (3 cylindrical and 1 rectangular biconvex insection). Turquoise.Cylindrical (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.35; ø cm 0.3.Rectangular: h. cm 0.75; l. cm 0.6.(Dep. CS Neg. 10829/18a-20a).

G2/32 Inv. no. 6401Rectangular bead with biconvex section.H. cm 0.7; l. cm 0.6.

G2/30 Inv. no. 6399Bracelet made of 49 cylindrical beads. Lapis lazuli (3);turquoise (46).Lapis lazuli (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.3; ø cm 0.25.Turquoise (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.3; ø cm 0.25.(Dep. CS Neg. 10829/18a-20a).

Fig. 10

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Fig. 11

6074

39

G9/3 Inv. no. 6125Truncated-conical bowl with convex wall and rounded rim.Alabaster.H. cm 2.0; ø mouth cm 5.5; ø base cm 3.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10302/3-8).Drawing no. 11240.

G9/2 Inv. no. 6124Truncated-conical bowl with straight walls and slightly raisedfoot. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the interior: fivedouble festoons regularly spaced and hanging from the rim,filled with vertical lines. One of the interstices is filled with arunning feline silhouette (DM 2022.1 + 0154).H. cm 9.1; ø mouth cm 19.5; ø base cm 5.4.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10293/1-4; 10302/5-8).Drawing no. 11238.

G9/4 Inv. no. 6408Barrel-shaped bead. Alabaster.L. cm 1.5; ø cm 0.7.

The slight displacement of a few of the skeleton’sribs was due to rodents, the bones of which were foundscattered near the body’s cranium. A part of the graveobjects, consisting of a jar (G 10/1) stoppered by thesmall jar (G 10/2), two bowls (G 10/3-12) and eight

Note: five woven vegetable fibre baskets were notinventoried nor measured. Their position in the grave has beenrecorded in the grave plan (Dep. CS Neg. LA 10211/1-8;10212/1-8).

Fig. 41

Fig. 42

Fig. 43

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIRW-IRR 1972 Bipartite-pit SingleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeNE-SW Clay cm 80 RectangularInhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 1 M 20-25Position of skeleton A Orient. of skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphy3Z yzK yzi 80 NE-SWse Present Deposition groundGG attribution to individual GG positionA Around the skull

GRAVE 10 (Figs. 42-47)

beakers (G 10/4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11), was positioned besidethe cranium. The bowl (G 10/12) contained a woodencomb (G 10/13), 28 flint bladelets (G 10/14), a braceletof 45 turquoise and three lapis lazuli beads (G 10/15) anda small woven vegetable fibre basket (G 10/16). Twocalcite beads (G 10/18-20) were near the cranium; oneturquoise bead was near the little finger of the right hand(G 10/17); a fragmentary beaker (G 10/19) was near thecranium; two lapis lazuli beads (G 10/21-22), not in situ,were found near the legs. The tibia of an Ovis/capra wasplaced at the height of the cranium and other Ovis/capraremains were displaced in relation to a rodents’ nest nearone of the grave’s short sides. The unnumbered bone hiltof a hand drill was found in the infill slightly above thejar (G 10/1).

Grave Furniture

G10/4 Inv. no. 6129Pear-shaped beaker with flaring rim and slightly raised foot.Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck and part of theupper cone: frieze of alternate double stepped lines andlozenges with inscribed tooth-edged diagonal line (DM3159.1).Chipped rim. Cracked body.H. cm 12.8 (h. cm 3.4); ø mouth cm 6.3; ø neck cm 5.2; ø max.cm 7.5; ø base cm 3.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10264/1-2; 10299/1-6).Drawing no. 11245.

G10/5 Inv. no. 6130Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck and partof the upper cone: frieze composed of alternate tooth-edgeddiagonal lines and sheaves of 7 diagonal lines (DM 3187.1).Missing portions of the neck. Partly abraded surface.H. cm 9.7 (h. cm 2.6); ø mouth cm 5.2; ø neck cm 4.6; ø max.cm 7.0; ø base cm 3.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10264/3-4; 10299/1-6).Drawing no. 11247.

G10/6 Inv. no. 6131Idem. Buff ware. No measure available.

G10/7 Inv. no. 6132Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck: friezecomposed of alternating diagonal and tooth-edged diagonallines (DM 3182).

40

H. cm 9.8 (h. cm 3.0); ø mouth cm 5.3; ø neck cm 4.5; ø max.cm 7.6; ø base cm 3.3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10264/5-6; 10299/1-6).Drawing no. 11244.

G10/9 Inv. no. 6134Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck: friezecomposed of double zigzag (DM 3002).H. cm 9.2 (h. cm 2.3); ø mouth cm 5.6; ø neck cm 4.7; ø max.cm 7.3; ø base cm 3.3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10291/2-3; 10299/1-6).Drawing no. 11246.

G10/11 Inv. no. 6136Idem. Buff ware. Idem (DM 3002).Black painted potter’s mark on the upper cone: circle.Chipped rim. Abraded surface.H. cm 10.0 (h. cm 2.4); ø mouth cm 5.0; ø neck cm 4.0; ø max.cm 7.4; ø base cm 3.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10281/6-7; 10299/1-6).Drawing no. 11250.

G10/10 Inv. no. 6135Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck andupper cone: frieze composed of metopes separated by doublevertical lines, and containing cross-hatched lozenges(DM 3206).H. cm 10.4 (h. cm 3.6); ø mouth cm 4.9; ø neck cm 4.3; ø max.cm 7.7; ø base cm 3.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10281/8; 10291/1; 10299/1-6).Drawing no. 11248.

G10/8 Inv. no. 6133Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck andupper cone: frieze composed of metopes separated by doublevertical lines, alternately filled with vertical chains of 3 cross-hatched lozenges and horizontal-hatched bands (DM 3236.1).H. cm 14.1 (h. cm 4.3); ø mouth cm 6.3; ø neck cm 5.2; ø max.cm 7.5; ø base cm 3.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10264/7-8; 10299/1-6).Drawing no. 11249.

G10/19 Not inventoriedIdem. Buff ware. neck and part of the upper cone: friezecomposed of a chain of pendent lunettes, containing tooth-edged angles with vertices on the bend, with cross-hatched

Fig. 44

Fig. 45

G16/2 Inv. no. 6212Idem. Buff ware. Idem (DM 4006.1).H. cm 16.0 (h. cm 2.4); ø mouth cm 6.1; ø neck cm 4.9; ø max.cm 6.5; ø base cm 4.3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10266/5-6; 10268/1-2).

G16/3 Inv. no. 6213Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck and partof the upper cone: frieze composed of alternating tooth-edgeddiagonal and double diagonal lines (DM 3183).Black painted potter’s mark on the base: strait line.H. cm 10.5;ø max. cm 6.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10266/7-8; 10268/1-2).

54

G16/4 Inv. no. 6214Truncated-conical bowl with convex wall and slightly raisedfoot. Grey ware. Black painted decoration both inside andoutside. Outside decoration: sheaf of 3 horizontal lines(DM 0003). Inside decoration: cross with empty centre andarms hatched with horizontal lines (DM 1050).H. cm 5.5; ø mouth cm 11.5; ø base cm 3.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10266/3-4; 10268/1-2).

G16/5 Inv. no. 6215 Zoomorphic figurine portraying an ox. Bronze.Strongly oxidised surfaces.No measures available.

Fig. 80

Fig. 81

6214

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIRV 1972/73 Pseudo-catacomb Multiple Grave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeNE-SW Clay cm 150 RectangularInhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 2 F 20-25Position of skeleton A Orient. of skeleton A Sex of ind. B Age of ind. B3Z yzO yzo 90 E-Ws ? 3Position of skeleton B Orient. of skeleton B Grave goods GG stratigraphyUndet. Undet. Present Deposition groundGG attribution to individual GG positionA-B Next to the A’s legs

GRAVE 17 (Figs. 83-86)

Fig. 82

6213

6211 6212

55

The low partition wall between the E and W walls ofthe grave consists of a row of bricks four high laid one ontop of the other. This low wall acts to almost totally closeoff a small chamber excavated in the N wall of the grave.The rectangular entrance pit’s infill soil was completelybarren apart from a few pottery shards lying immediatelyabove the base of the grave. A cylindrical seal (G 17/4)and two alabaster beads (G 17/5) were found respectivelynear the cranium and near the pelvis, but given thedisturbed conditions inside the chamber partly caused bythe vault’s collapse, these cannot be attributed with anycertainty either to one or the other of the bodies.

Grave Furniture

G17/1 Inv. no. 6216Truncated-conical bowl with strait wall, slightly raised footand flat base. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the innersurface: 5 hanging and regularly spaced festoons with inscribedtooth-edged horizontal line (DM 2033.1).Slightly abraded surfaces.H. cm 9.6; ø mouth cm 22.7; ø base cm 7.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10274/7-8; 10290/2, 3b-4b).

G17/2 Inv. no. 6217Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the inner surface:3 hanging and regularly spaced triangles with inscribed tooth-edged diagonal line (DM 2006.1).Chipped rim. Strongly abraded surfaces.H. cm 4.8; ø mouth cm 10.6; ø base cm 4.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10274/4-6; 10290/3a-4a).

G17/3 Inv. no. 6218Idem. Buff ware.1/4 of the body missing. Chipped lower body. Strongly abradedsurfaces.H. cm 8.8; ø mouth cm 15.1; ø base cm 5.1.

G17/4 Inv. no. 6417Cylinder seal. Grey chlorite. Decorative motif: cross.H. cm 2.8; ø cm 1.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11294/33-35).

G17/5 Inv. no. 6418Two beads. Alabaster. Cylindrical (1); barrel-shaped (1).L cm 1.0; ø cm 0.5.L cm 0.9; ø cm 0.8.

Fig. 83 Fig. 84

Fig. 85

Fig. 866217

6216

71

The brick structure which divides the burial chamberclosing its S side occupies a large part of the entrancepit; the low wall which has in part collapsed on to someof the grave objects (G 27/1-2) inside the pit consisted oftwo parallel rows of bricks laid with NS orientation alongthe sides of the catacomb, joined by a line of bricks twohigh laid horizontally with E-W orientation. The burialchamber which is open on the pit’s N edge is about 15 cmdeeper than the base of the pit itself. The spindle-whorl(G 27/5) was found inside the alabaster bowl (G 27/3) infront of the cranium; one turquoise bead (G 27/6) wasfound next to the cranium; one turquoise bead was lyingin the infill slightly above the lower limbs; a pear-shapedbeaker, a small jar and a fragmentary wooden comb werefound on the surface of the infill.

Grave Furniture

G27/2 Inv. no. 6274Pear-shaped beaker with flaring rim and raised foot. Buff ware.Black painted decoration on the neck: frieze composed of achain of multiple festoons in alternate position (DM 3304).H. cm 12.5 (h. cm 3.2); ø mouth cm 8.0; ø neck cm 7.4; ø max.cm 8.8; ø base cm 4.4.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10308/1-2, 8; 10312/1-6).Drawing no. 11291.

G27/1 Inv. no. 6273Truncated-conical bowl with strait wall and raised foot. Buffware. Black painted decoration in the interior: frieze of angleswith outlined lower stroke separated by sheaves of 3 verticallines (DM 3193.1).Chipped rim. Broken in several pieces.

Fig. 128

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIWC 1972 Pseudo-catacomb SingleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeE-W Clay cm 170 RectangularInhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 1 M 65Position of skeleton A Orient. of skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphy3Z yzI yzl 72 NE-SWsw Present Deposition ground and

access pitGG attribution to individual GG positionA Behind the skull

GRAVE 27 (Figs. 128-133)

Fig. 129

Fig. 130

Compared to the description given on the index card,the lower limbs of the body are slightly raised and partedat knee level and the extremities are crossed halfwaydown the bias. Its very bad state of conservation has notallowed for any of the skeleton to be recovered. Part ofthe grave objects (G 37/1-11) rested near the feet; twobeakers (G 37/12-13) were next to the knees; the bowls(G 37/14) and (G 37/15), the latter containing (G 37/16-17-18) and necklace (G 37/23), were near the pelvis; thetwo bowls (G 37/20-21) and the jar (G 37/19) were bythe cranium. The necklace (G 37/22) was found besidethe neck.

Grave Furniture

G37/17 Inv. no. 6537 (Fig. 172)Pear-shaped beaker with flaring rim and raised foot. Buff ware.Black painted decoration on the neck and part of the upper cone:frieze composed of a cross-hatched lozenge chain (DM 3136).

86

Slightly chipped rim.H. cm 11.2 (h. cm 2.9); ø mouth cm 6.9; ø neck cm 5.8; ø max.cm 8.9; ø base cm 3.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10817/7-8).Drawing no. 11067.

G37/12 Inv. no. 6532 (Fig. 171)Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck and partof the upper cone: frieze composed of alternate tooth-edgeddiagonal lines and leaves with a toothed axis (DM 3160).Abraded surfaces.H. cm 9.9 (h. cm 2.2); ø mouth cm 6.4; ø neck cm 5.5; ø max.cm 6.9; ø base cm 3.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10817/1; 10833/10-12).

G37/4 Inv. no. 6524 (Fig. 172)Idem. Buff ware. Idem (DM 3160).Abraded and encrusted surfaces.H. cm 10.0 (h. cm 3.1); ø mouth cm 5.8; ø neck cm 4.9; ø max.cm 6.9; ø base cm 3.3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10833/5-7).Drawing no. 11016.

G37/6 Inv. no. 6526 (Fig. 171)Idem. Buff ware. Idem (DM 3160).Chipped rim.H. cm 10.3 (h. cm 3.0); ø mouth cm 5.9; ø neck cm 5.1; ø max.cm 7.1; ø base cm 3.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10817).

Fig. 169

Fig. 170

Fig. 1716532 6526

99

G44/7 Inv. no. 6284Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck: friezecomposed of alternating double diagonal and tooth-edgeddiagonal lines (DM 3183).Chipped rim.H. cm 11.5 (h. cm 2.2); ø mouth cm 7.2; ø neck cm 6.1; ø max.cm 7.5; ø base cm 3.6.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10285/2-3).

G44/8 Inv. no. 6285Idem. Buff ware. Idem (DM 3183).Part of the rim missing.H. cm 11.2 (h. cm 2.3); ø mouth cm 7.9; ø neck cm 6.9; ø max.cm 7.9; ø base cm 3.6.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10285/4-5).

G44/9 Inv. no. 6286Truncated-conical bowl with strait wall and slightly raisedbase. Buff ware. Internal black painted decoration: 4 hangingand regularly spaced motifs formed by a horizontal tooth-edged line inserted in a festoon (DM 2033.1).Part of the rim missing. Reassembled from 11 fragments.H. cm 9.2; ø mouth cm 20.0; ø base cm 5.3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10295/5-8).

G44/6 Inv. no. 6283Globular small jar with flat base. Buff ware. Black painteddecoration on the shoulder: frieze composed of silhouette ofbirds with stressed beak and legs (DM 3257).Slightly abraded surfaces.H. cm 17.0; ø mouth cm 8.9; ø max. cm 17.5; ø base cm 9.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10285/6-8; 10286/1-3).

G44/2 Inv. no. 6279Globular jar with flaring rim, low cylindrical neck and flatbase. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the shoulder:frieze composed of a chain of pendant concentric festoonscontaining a horizontal tooth-edged line (DM 3019.2).H. cm 25.0; ø mouth cm 8.7; ø max. cm 20.0; ø base cm 9.5.Drawing no. 11311.

G44/3 Inv. no. 6280Biconical jar with flaring rim, low cylindrical neck and flatbase. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the shoulder:

frieze composed of a chain of vertical-hatched leaves(DM 0099.1).Black painted potter’s mark on the shoulder: chevron.Chipped rim.H. cm 19.0; ø mouth cm 9.5; ø max. cm 17.5; ø base cm 6.7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 10284/1-7; 10287/3-8).

Fig. 197

Fig. 1986278

6286628562846282

6283 6279 6280 6281

143

The grave had been opened above G 118 anddeepened to the point where it reached the top of G 118’sstructure, on which a low wall rested consisting of a rowof bricks two high laid edgewise one on top of the otherwith E-W orientation and the burial to its N. A latercollapse of the infill in the underlying G 118 resulted in

the partial displacement of G 102’s skeleton and in ithaving slipped towards the interior of G 118. It is notpossible to reconstruct in detail what would have beenthe original position of this body: the cranium, the thoraxand the pelvis have fallen into G 118; some parts (rightarm, spinal column, cranium and mandible) are stilljoined up.

Fig. 293

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIPV 1973 Bipartite-pit SingleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeUndet. Gravel cm 100 Undet.Inhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 1 M 20-25Position of skeleton A Orient. of skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphyUndet. E-W Absent

GRAVE 102 (Figs. 293-294)

Fig. 294

This tomb was identified in the W part of the IPWplot during the excavation of the underlying G 132 Inf.tomb; the recovery work carried out on this tomb did notallow for a survey of the grave perimeter and otherdetails.

178

Grave Furniture

G132 Sup./1 Inv. no. 7139Ogival jar with thickened rim and low cylindrical neck. Buffware. H. cm 22.5; ø mouth cm 10.5; ø max. cm 14.5; ø base cm 9.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11753/9-10; 11758/8).

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIPW 1975 Simple-pit SingleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeUndet. Gravel cm 110 Undet.Inhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 1 M 25Position of skeleton A Orient. of skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphy4Y yzO yzm 0 N-Sw Present Deposition groundGG attribution to individual GG positionA In front of the skull

GRAVE 132 SUP. (Figs. 382-383)

7139Fig. 382 Fig. 383

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIPW 1975 Bipartite-pit MultipleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeNE-SW Gravel cm 200 Undet.Inhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 3 M 22-23Position of skeleton A Orient. of skeleton A Sex of ind. B Age of ind. B3Z yzK yzk 78 NE-SWs F 20-25Position of skeleton B Orient. of skeleton B Sex of ind. C Age of ind. C3z yzL yzm 75 NE-SWsw F 20Position of skeleton C Orient. of skeleton C Grave goods GG stratigraphy3Z yzI yzk 0 N-Se Present Deposition groundGG attribution to individual GG positionA-B-C West of A and B’s skulls;

in front of C’s skull

GRAVE 132 INF. (Figs. 384-390)

179

The low partition wall of this triple contemporaneoustomb, partly underneath the W section of the IPW plot,is oriented E-W with the bodies to the N of theconstruction. The order of burial is: (B), (A), (C). Awoven vegetable fibre basket (G 132 Inf./12) was placednext to the bowl (G 132 Inf./5); two calcite bowls (G 12Inf./8) and (G 132 Inf./9) were placed respectively infront of (B)’s face and behind (A)’s back, the first beingupside down and the second knocked over; a wooden peg(G 132 Inf./10), was found next to (B)’s neck; a bronzeseal (G 132 Inf./13) with a light stone (mordenite?) seal(G 132 Inf./14) on top of it was found next to (B)’s rightwrist; two calcite beads (G 132 Inf./15-17) were on top of(A)’s right shoulder; one calcite bead (G 132 Inf./16) wason (B)’s thorax; a bone (ivory?) stamp seal (G 132Inf./18) was next to (C)’s left wrist.

Grave Furniture

G132 Inf./2 Inv. no. 7141Pear-shaped beaker with flaring rim and raised foot. Buff ware.Black painted decoration on the neck: frieze composed of 4chains of festoons (DM 3016) and 4 regularly spaced hangingteeth (DM 0086).Black painted potter’s mark on the upper cone: cross.H. cm 9.6 (h. cm 2.0); ø mouth cm 6.2; ø neck cm 4.7; ø max.cm 6.5; ø base cm 3.4.

(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11755/11; 11758/10).Drawing no. 10830.

G132 Inf./4 Inv. no. 7143Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck: friezecomposed of 2 chains of festoons (DM 3014).H. cm 11.8 (h. cm 2.5); ø mouth cm 7.3; ø neck cm 5.9; ø max.cm 8.0; ø base cm 4.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11755/11; 11758/12).Drawing no. 10829.

G132 Inf./5 Inv. no. 7144 (Fig. 388)Truncated-conical bowl with strait wall and slightly concavebase. Buff ware. Internal black painted decoration: friezecomposed of 2 chains of festoons (DM 3014).Chipped rim.H. cm 9.6; ø mouth cm 23.7; ø base cm 9.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11755/4-5, 11).Drawing no. 10823.

G132 Inf./11 Inv. no. 7150Biconical small jar with funnel-shaped rim and raisedcylindrical foot. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on theupper cone: frieze composed of 3 chains of festoons(DM 3015).Slightly abraded surface.H. cm 7.0; ø mouth cm 4.4; ø max. cm 6.5; ø base cm 3.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11755/7, 11).Drawing no. 10831.

Fig. 384

Fig. 385

Fig. 386

Fig. 387

Various pottery shards and fragmentary vases werefound in the pit’s clay filling; the remains of a wovenvegetable fibre mat, no longer in its original position,could be seen near the E wall of the pit. The rectangularbottom of the pit has been carved into the clay on twolevels joined by a step about 20 cm high; the entrance tothe catacomb, which has a subsided vault, had been dugout of the pit’s N side and subsequently closed up withbricks and blocks of clay. Inside the burial chamber threebodies had been contemporaneously placed but on twodistinct levels: (A) was at the base of the chamber while

198

(B) and (C) were about 20 cm above. The grave objectspertaining to the individual (A) consisted of two calcitebowls (G 303a/1-6) placed respectively between thefemur and left tibia next to the pelvis; one bowl(G 303a/2) containing a beaker (G 303a/3) and twobeakers (G 303a/4-5) were placed next to the feet. Theindividual (B) was without grave objects; one beaker(G 303c/1) was arranged in front of (C)’s cranium.

Grave Furniture

G303a/3 Inv. no. 6648Pear-shaped beaker with flared rim and raised foot. Buff ware.Black painted decoration on the neck: 2 horizontal lines(DM 0002).Black painted potter’s mark on the base: angle.Chipped rim. Abraded surface.H. cm 12.4 (h. cm 3.6); ø mouth cm 7.4; ø neck cm 5.5; ø max.cm 8.2; ø base cm 4.6.

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIRD 1973 Pseudo-catacomb MultipleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeE-W Clay cm 120 RectangularInhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 3 M 45Position skeleton A Orient. of the skeleton A Sex of ind. B Age of ind. B3Z yzK yzl E-Ws ? AdultPosition skeleton B Orient. of the skeleton B Sex of ind. C Age of ind. C4Y yzI yzm NE-SWnw ? 7-8 monthsPosition skeleton C Orient. of the skeleton C Grave goods GG stratigraphy3X xC xe NW-SEsw Present Deposition ground and infillGG attribution to individual GG positionA-B-C Next and below A’s legs and

pelvis; in front of C’s skull

GRAVE 303 (Figs. 431-435)

Fig. 431

Fig. 432

Fig. 433

217

The E-W oriented low partition wall is built of a rowof bricks laid one on top of the other and conserved to aheight of about 60 cm. The grave has been reused forsubsequent burials; the last of these relating to theindividual (A) was found still anatomically joined. Thepost-cranial bones of seven individuals (B-H) had beenamassed by (A)’s feet whilst the craniums of thesebodies had been positioned in front of (A)’s cranium tothe N of the construction. A part of the grave objectsconsisting of a bowl (G 410/1) containing an Ovis/caprakid had been placed to the S of the construction (Figs.480-481). A bowl (G 410/2) containing five biconicalsling-stones (G 410/4) (Fig. 483) of unbaked clay andthe remains of an unidentified organic substance, wasplaced in front of (A)’s knees with a blocklet of linarite(G 410/3) and a chipped flint pebble (G 410/8); abiconical stone-slings (G 410/4) of unbaked clay wasnext to the cranium of individual (F); a cylinder seal(G 410/5) was found near (A)’s right wrist; a turquoisebead (G 410/6) was next to (A)’s neck. A spindle-whorl(G 410/7) was found in the filling; a pouring stick madefrom the long bone of a bird (G 410/9) was found in thepile of post-cranial bones of the seven individuals.

Grave Furniture

G410/1 Inv. no. 7028 Truncated-conical bowl with strait wall and flat base. Buffware. Internal black painted decoration: hanging chain ofmultiple festoons (DM 1002).H. cm 9.6; ø mouth cm 33; ø base cm 9.4.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/3-4,10).

G410/2 Inv. no. 7029 Truncated-conical bowl with convex wall and flat base. Grey

ware. Internal red painted decoration: frieze composed byregularly spaced cross-hatched triangles (DM 3043.1).Broken in antiquity it presents restoration holes along fracturemargins.H. cm 6.0; ø mouth cm 20.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/5-6).

Fig. 479

Fig. 480

7028

7028

Fig. 481

G410/4 Inv. no. 7031Five biconical sling-stones. Unbaked clay.Average dimensions: H. cm 5.6.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/6).

218

G410/7 Inv. no. 7034Cylindrical spindle-whorl. Calcite.Chipped surface.H. cm 1.74; ø cm 2.35.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/8).

G410/6 Inv. no. 7033Barrel-shaped bead. Turquoise.H. cm 4.3; ø cm 3.6.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/8).

G410/5 Inv. no. 7032 (Fig. 484)Cylinder seal. Linarite. Decorative motif: alternating lozengeand pairs of triangles with tangent vertices.H. cm 2.16; ø cm 0.93.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/7).

G410/3 Inv. no. 7030Stone blocklet. Linarite.Oxidation by firing.H. cm 4.5 × 5.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/1).

G410/8 Inv. no. 7035Gravel pebble. Flint.Oxidation by firing.Unmeasured.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/11).

G410/9 Inv. no. 7036Pouring stick with semicircular section and pointed ends.Bone.L. cm 25.4; w. cm 1.7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 11704/11; 11734/2).Drawing no. 10754.

Fig. 482

Fig. 483

Fig. 484

Fig. 485

7034

7036

7029

7032

Fig. 486

251

G711/3 Inv. no. 7581Idem. Buff ware. H. cm 26.6; ø mouth cm 10.8; ø max. cm 16.9; ø base cm 10.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12451/2a; 12452/17a-8a, 20a-2a;12457/23a).Drawing no. 10889.

G711/31 Inv. no. 7609Miniature jar with flared rim and flat base. Unbaked clay.Green painted decoration: chain of triangles (?).

Fragmentary.H. cm 4.0; ø max. cm 3.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12452/17a).

G711/32 Inv. no. 7610Idem. Unbaked clay. Idem.Fragmentary.H. cm 4.0; ø max. cm 3.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12452/17a).

The low partition wall between the sepulchralchamber dug out of the E wall and the rectangularentrance pit, consists of a single row of bricks about 100cm long and 50 cm high, which only partially closes offentry to the catacomb. This latter was originally devoidof filling and has been partially filled by the limitedcollapses of gravel which have taken place, as can begenerally seen in this type of burial, from the vault andwalls of the burial chamber. The polychrome vase with aconical body (G 712/6) was covered by a bowl (G 712/7)with external polychrome decoration and by thehemispherical bowl (G 712/9) containing unidentifiedorganic remains. The following contents were inside thevase:

1) a small jar (G 712/18) near to the bottom of thejar covered by:

2) a cylindrical alabaster beaker (G 712/15);3) a small jar (G 712/17);4) an ogival beaker (G 712/16);5) a calcite lamp with a pyramidal trunk in cross

section (G 712/19), with its cover and the wick insertedin the lamp and coming out of the cover. The wick,

probably made of a splinter of wood, was dipped in theresinous substance contained inside the lamp;

6) the remains of a small woven vegetable fibrebasket;

7) the fragments of a small polychrome vase madeof wood or leather similar to those found in G 711 IUQ(G 711/31-32);

8) a bronze disc (G 712/20);9) the bronze blade of a knife (G 712/21) with the

remains of a wooden hilt sticking to the tang;

Fig. 571

Fig. 572

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIUQ 1976 Pseudo-catacomb SingleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeN-S Gravel cm 195 RectangularInhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 1 M 25Position skeleton A Orient. of the skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphy4Y yzO yzl N-Sw Present Deposition groundGG attribution to individual GG positionA Around the skeleton

GRAVE 712 (Figs. 571-582)

10-11) two large bronze pins (G 712/22-23) placedvertically against the walls of the vase;

12) fragments of a small unbaked clay vase.The seal (G 712/24) and bracelet (G 712/25)

consisting of 26 turquoise, limestone and lapis lazulibeads, were next to the right arm.

Grave Furniture

G712/16 Inv. no. 7637Ogival beaker with thickened rim on low cylindrical neck andraised foot. Buff ware.H. cm 13.1; ø mouth cm 5.4; ø max. cm 8.0; ø base cm 3.9.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/24a; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7046.

G712/3 Inv. no. 7624Cylinder-conical bowl with slightly flared rim and flat base.Buff ware.H. cm 8.4; ø mouth cm 15.5; ø base cm 7.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/5-6; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7029.

G712/10 Inv. no. 7631Idem. Buff ware.H. cm 8.3; ø mouth cm 16.2; ø base cm 7.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/16; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7030.

G712/12 Inv. no. 7633Idem. Buff ware.Incised potter’s mark on the lower wall: two vertical nicks.H. cm 9.5; ø mouth cm 16.8; ø base cm 8.9.

252

(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/19a-20a; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7031.

G712/8 Inv. no. 7629Idem. Buff ware. Internal black painted decoration: 4 hangingand regularly spaced pairs of stepped lines (DM 0016).Incised potter’s mark on the lower wall: two vertical nicks.H. cm 8.6; ø mouth cm 17.5; ø base cm 9.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/11-12; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7032.

G712/1 Inv. no. 7622Idem. Buff ware. Internal black painted decoration: 2 sheavesof 3 stepped lines alternating with 2 chevron with tooth-edgedchord, all hanging and regularly spaced (DM 0017+ 2018.9).Black painted potter’s mark on the interior: V-shaped motif.H. cm 12.4; ø mouth cm 23.9; ø base cm 11.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/1-2; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7038.

G712/9 Inv. no. 7630Cylinder-conical bowl with flat base. Buff ware.H. cm 5.9; ø mouth cm 11.1; ø base cm 4.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/13-15; 12451/8-10,13).

Fig. 5737637

7634 7628

7628 + 7627Fig. 574

Fig. 575

Fig. 576

7630

253

G712/13 Inv. no. 7634Cylinder-conical bowl with slightly raised foot and flat base.Buff ware.H. cm 5.8; ø mouth cm 11.3; ø base cm 4.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/22a; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7028.

G712/7 Inv. no. 7628Truncated-conical bowl with strait wall and flat base. Buffware. Polychrome painted decoration: frieze of metopesseparated by a double vertical line and filled with a diagonalsheaf of 4 tooth-edged lines; the opposite triangular areas arered and yellow painted while the central diagonal band is greenpainted (DM 3276).H. cm 5.0; ø mouth cm 20.0; ø base cm 10.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/10; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7045.

G712/6 Inv. no. 7627Truncated-conical jar with distinct shoulder, thickened rim onfunnel-shaped neck and flat base. Buff ware. Polychromepainted decoration: frieze of metopes separated by a doublevertical line and filled with a diagonal sheaf of 3 lines; twostepped solid triangles at the opposite corners, respectively redand yellow, and a chain of green triangles in the two diagonalbands (DM 3296).H. cm 28.2; ø mouth cm 20.0; ø max. cm 26.0; ø base cm 16.7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/9; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7045.

G712/17 Inv. no. 7638Globular small jar with flared rim on low cylindrical neck andslightly raised foot. Buff ware.Chipped rim.H. cm 6.8; ø mouth cm 5.5; ø max. cm 8.7; ø base cm 3.9.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/25a; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7048.

G712/18 Inv. no. 7639Globular small jar with funnel shaped neck and concave base.Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the upper body half:frieze composed of a horizontal sheaf of zigzag lines (DM3004.2).H. cm 10.0; ø mouth cm 7.5; ø max. cm 11.8; ø base cm 4.8.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/26a; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7049.

G712/5 Inv. no. 7626Ogival small jar with convex wall, slightly flared rim on lowsub-cylindrical neck and flat base. Buff ware.H. cm 16.3; ø mouth cm 9.3; ø max. cm 13.0; ø base cm 8.8.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/5-6; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7029.

G712/4 Inv. no. 7625Ogival small jar with slightly thickened rim on low cylindricalneck and flat base. Buff ware.H. cm 17.6; ø mouth cm 9.4; ø max. cm 12.7; ø base cm 8.3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/7; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7035.

G712/2 Inv. no. 7623Ogival jar with thickened rim and flat base. Buff ware.Incised potter’s mark on the shoulder: vertical line flanked bya zigzag.H. cm 24.2; ø mouth cm 14.3; ø max. cm 15.9; ø base cm 9.9.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/3-4; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7037.

G712/14 Inv. no. 7635Ogival jar with slightly flared rim on funnel-shaped neck andflat base. Buff ware.Incised potter’s mark on the body: vertically arrangedsemicircular sign.H. cm 25.8; ø mouth cm 10.4; ø max. cm 15.2; ø base cm 11.4.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/21a; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7036.

G712/11 Inv. no. 7632Circular dish with vertical, slightly concave wall. Buff ware.H. cm 5.6; ø cm 26.7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/17-18; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7033.

G712/15 Inv. no. 7636Sub-cylindrical beaker with horizontally flaring rim. Alabaster.H. cm 6.6; ø mouth cm 7.5; ø base cm 7.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/23a; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7047.

Fig. 577

Fig. 578

G712/19 Inv. no. 7640Truncated-pyramidal lamp with pierced cover and wooden (?)wick inserted in the lamp and coming out of the cover.Alabaster.H. cm 9.5; l. max. cm 3.7; l. min. cm 2.4.Cover: h. cm 1.4; l. cm 3.9.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12450/27a-28a; 12451/8-10).Drawing no. 7050.

G712/25 Inv. no. 7646Bracelet of 26 beads. Turquoise (3); limestone (1); lapis lazuli(20).Turquoise:

cylindrical (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.42; ø cm 0.3.Limestone:

cylindrical: h. cm 0.8; ø cm 0.6.Lapis lazuli:

cylindrical (4) (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.4 ; ø cm 0.32;barrel-shaped (9) (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.42; ø cm 0.35;rectangular (7) (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.53; l. cm 0.78; th. cm

0.31.Plus 2 shells, one pierced and the other divided along thelonger axis.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12451/11a).

G712/20 Inv. no. 7641Disk-shaped mirror, plane-convex in section. Bronze.Oxidised surfaces.ø cm 7.2; th. cm 0.15.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12451/11-12).Drawing no. 7042.

G712/21 Inv. no. 7642Tanged knife with slightly convex lateral edges and swollen atthe centre. Bronze.Oxidised surfaces.Blade: l. cm 11.9; w. max. cm 2.3; th. cm 0.2Tang: l. cm 2.3: w. max. cm 0.75; th. cm 0.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12451/11-12).Drawing no. 7043.

254

G712/22 Inv. no. 7643Cosmetic stick, circular in section, with thickened distal end,flattened elliptic head ending in a double spiral. Bronze.Oxidised surfaces.H. cm 21.1; w. max. cm 2.7; ø min. cm 0.4; ø max. cm 0.7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12451/11-12).Drawing no. 7040.

G712/23 Inv. no. 7644Pin, circular in section, with flattened stepped lozenge shapedhead. Bronze.Oxidised surfaces.H. cm 15.7; w. cm 2.4; ø cm 0.3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12451/11-12).Drawing no. 7041.

G712/24 Inv. no. 7645Cross-shaped stamp seal with squared centre and each armdecorated with a raised circle and stepped pyramid. Bronze.Laminar open loop on the back.L. cm 2.7 × 2.65; th. cm 0.4.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12451/11-12).Drawing no. 7044.

Fig. 579

Fig. 580

Fig. 581

Fig. 5827645

279

Chalcedony:sub-cylindrical (8) (aver. dim.): h. cm 1.3; ø cm 0.45;barrel-shaped (1): h. cm 1.5; ø cm 0.7.

Turquoise:sub-cylindrical (8) (aver. dim.): h. cm 1.2; ø cm 0.45;barrel-shaped (2) (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.8; ø cm 0.5.

Shell:cylindrical (1): h. cm 0.6; ø cm 0.6.

(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13002/31c; 13003/6d).

G725 Inf./24 Inv. no. 8247Pouring stick with semicircular section, one pointed end andtwo indentation along the edges. Bone.Broken at one end.L. cm 16.9; w. cm 0.9.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12997/15; 13002/29-30).

G725 Inf./62 Inv. no. 8285 (Fig. 643)Pouring stick with semicircular section, pointed ends and twoindentation along the edges. Bone.L. cm 21.0; w. cm 1.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13002/31b; 13003/6c).

G725 Inf./61 Inv. no. 8284 (Fig. 644)Pin with circular body section and stepped-pyramid shapedflattened head. Bronze.L. cm 18.2; ø cm 0.6; head L. cm 5.0; head w. cm 2.8.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13002/27-28, 31a; 13003/6b).

G725 Inf./72 Inv. no. 8295 (Fig. 645)Sub-triangular spearhead with rounded shoulders and tongue-shaped tang rectangular in section.. Bronze.Strong surface oxidisation.L. cm 22.5; w. max. cm 3.7; th. cm 0.2.Tang: l. cm 3.0; w. cm 1.0-1.5; th. cm 0.45.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13003/6a).

G725 Inf./32 Inv. no. 8255 (Figs. 646-647)Long tabular stick with high-relief carved facing snakes withlozenge-shaped heads. Wood.Fragmentary.L. cm 26.8; w. max. cm 3.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12947/2-5, 8-9; 12948/9-11).

G725 Inf./34 Inv. no. 8257 (Fig. 648)Truncated-conical knob on semicircular stirrup with oneflattened face. Wood.Fragmentary.H. cm 8.3; w. cm 9.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12941/10-11).

G725 Inf./c Inv. no. 8302No. 4 barrel-shaped beads. Gold leaf.H. cm 0.7; ø cm 0.3.H. cm 0.7; ø cm 0.3.H. cm 0.7; ø cm 0.3.H. cm 0.8; ø cm 0.35.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13003/13).

G725 Inf./d Inv. no. 8303No. 137 beads. Quartz (95); lapis lazuli (11); turquoise (1);carnelian (10); limestone (10); chalcedony (10).Quartz:

cylindrical (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.23; ø cm 0.55.Lapis lazuli:

cylindrical (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.75; ø cm 0.38.Turquoise

cylindrical: h. cm 0.6; ø cm 0.3.Carnelian:

truncated-conical (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.7; ø cm 0.45.Limestone:

truncated-conical (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.6; ø cm 0.4.Chalcedony

barrel-shaped (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.8; ø cm 0.4.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13003/13).

8285

8284

8295

Fig. 643

Fig. 644

Fig. 645

Fig. 646

Fig. 647

Fig. 648

8255

8255

G725 Inf./b Inv. no. 8301Corolla-shaped stamp seal with circular centre and inscribedtwo parallel wavy lines. Bronze. Annular loop on the back.ø cm 3.6; th. cm 0.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13003/12-13).

G725 Inf./e Inv. no. 8304Fragment of an unidentified object with embossed decoration.Silver alloy plate. Decoration: corolla-like motif with lozenge-shaped petals and raised hemispherical central knob.H. cm 10.0 × 10.2; th. cm 0.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12941/8-9; 10948/7-8).

280

G726/5 Inv. no. 8330Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck: friezecomposed of a chain of double festoons (DM 3019).H. cm 16.0 (h. cm 3.0); ø mouth cm 8.0; ø neck cm 5.2; ø max.cm 8.6; ø base cm 4.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13001/14).

G726/7 Inv. no. 8332Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck:unidentified motif.Rim and neck missing.H. cm 10.3 (h. cm 3.0); ø neck cm 5.5; ø max. cm 8.0; ø basecm 3.8.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13001/16).

G726/3 Inv. no. 8328Truncated-conical bowl with strait wall and flat base. Buffware. Internal black painted decoration: unidentified motif.

Grave objects badly corroded by salt and partiallydisplaced compared to their original position (over-turned and upside down vases) were the only thingsfound in this very shallow tomb. Very few unidenti-fiable human bone fragments prove a burial had takenplace here.

Grave Furniture

G726/2 Inv. no. 8327 Pear-shaped beaker with flared rim and raised foot. Buff ware.Black painted decoration on the neck: frieze composed ofregularly spaced double stepped lines (DM 3011).H. cm 12.0 (h. cm 3.1); ø mouth cm 6.7; ø neck cm 4.6; ø max.cm 7.5; ø base cm 3.8.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13001/11).

Fig. 649

Fig. 650

8304

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIUP 1977 Simple-pit Undet.Grave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeUndet. Gravel cm 50 Undet.Inhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. AUndet. 1 ? ?Position skeleton A Orient. of the skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphyUndet. Undet. Present Deposition groundGG attribution to individual GG positionA Undet.

GRAVE 726 (Figs. 650-653)

Fig. 651

287

G730/2 Inv. no. 8314Idem. Grey ware. External (a) and internal (b) black painteddecoration: a) frieze composed of metopes separated by adouble vertical line and filled two by two with a horizontal andvertical pairs of outlined triangles with tangent vertices andchain of solid lozenges, along the axis, ending with solidtriangles (DM 3293); b) hanging chain of festoons; the centralfield is decorated with two intersecting S-shaped lines withhatched expanded ends (DM 0031 + 1053).

H. cm 7.8; ø mouth cm 19.6; ø base cm 5.8.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13108/27-28, 30).

G730/3 Inv. no. 8315Hemispheric bowl with rounded base. Grey ware. Blackpainted decoration below the rim: frieze composed of a chainof cross-hatched triangles (DM 3043).H. cm 9.8; ø mouth cm 17.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13108/29-30).

Fig. 668

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIUP 1977 Pseudo-catacomb SingleGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth ShapeN-S Gravel cm 200 RectangularInhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. APrimary 1 M 25-30Position skeleton A Orient. of the skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphy4Y yzK yzl 215 NW-SEsw Present Deposition ground and

access pitGG attribution to individual GG positionA In front and behind the skull;

behind the chest and below the legs

GRAVE 731 (Figs. 668-694)

The rectangular entrance pit to this catacomb typetomb 180 cm long and 105 cm wide has been narrowedat a depth of about 50 cm, to the dimensions 110 cm by105 cm and continues for a depth of another 80 cm. Thecatacomb was dug at the base of the W wall and theentrance was completely shut off by a low wall of two

288

parallel rows of E-W oriented bricks laid one on top ofthe other; a third row parallel to the first two andconsisting of three bricks laid one on top of the other hadbeen positioned towards the interior of the pit; it wasfinished off with another three bricks laid one on top ofthe other Drawinging near to the pit’s S wall crosswiseto the construction. An overturned bowl (G 731/A) andnumerous pottery shards were found near to the N wallon the bottom of the pit. The small jar (G 731/1) hadbeen put inside a woven vegetable fibre basket of thesame shape; the bowl (G 731/3) was contained in thebowl (G 731/2); the bowl (G 731/5) had been placedupside down; the bowl (G 731/7) was contained in thebowl (G 731/6); the pestle (G 731/8) was inside themortar (G 731/9); the bowl (G 731/13) was overturnedwith the dish (G 731/14) inside it; the bowl (G 731/15)was contained inside a wooden receptacle in pieces,which had been put inside an unnumbered wovenvegetable fibre basket; the bowl (G 731/16) was placedon top of the jar (G 731/17) which was in turn on top ofthe jar (G 731/18); the goblet (G 731/20) was on top ofthe jar (G 731/21); the beaker (G 731/24) was inside thejar (G 731/23); the overturned bowl (G 731/25)contained the bowl (G 731/26); the bowl (G 731/27) wason top of the jar (G 731/28); the bowl (G 731/29) wason top of the jar (G 731/30); the bowls (G 731/32-33)were overturned on top of the dish (G 731/34): the bowls(G 731/35-36-37-38) were inside one another and allwere inside the bowl (G 731/39); the beaker (G 731/45)had been overturned; the bowl (G 731/46) contained anunnumbered woven vegetable fibre basket with theremains of grapes inside it; a kind of wooden spoon(G 731/49) was placed in front of the cranium above theright arm with the hand touching its handle; the smalljar (G 731/50) was contained inside a woven vegetablefibre basket of the same shape; the beakers (G 731/52-53-54) were inside the bowl (G 731/51); the calcite bowl

Fig. 669

Fig. 670

Fig. 671

Fig. 672

289

(G 731/57) was inside the bowl (G 731/58); the playingpieces (G 731/60) belonging to the game-board(G 731/48) were inside an unnumbered basket below thebowl (G 731/15); one calcite bead (G 731/61) was foundnext to the waist; a bronze seal (G 731/62) probablycame from inside the woven vegetable fibre basketcontaining the small jar (G 731/1). The bowl (G 731/32)contained three balls of an unidentified organicsubstance; the bowl (G 731/37) contained unidentifiedorganic substances (Fig. 680). The remains of birds (?)were found inside the catacomb near to the entrance.

Grave Furniture

G731/45 Inv. no. 8084 (Fig. 673)Pear-shaped beaker with flared rim and high cylindrical foot.Buff ware.H. cm 12.0; (h. cm 3.9); ø mouth cm 4.3; ø neck cm 3.4; ø max.cm 6.4; ø base cm 3.2.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12999/23; 13003/14, 28-29, 35).

G731/52 Inv. no. 8091 (Fig. 673)Idem. Buff ware.H. cm 14.2; (h. cm 3.9); ø mouth cm 4.6; ø neck cm 3.7; ø max.cm 7.3; ø base cm 3.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12999/32; 13003/14, 28-29, 35).

G731/53 Inv. no. 8092 (Fig. 673)Idem. Buff ware.H. cm 11.5; (h. cm 3.9); ø mouth cm 4.4; ø neck cm 3.4; ø max.cm 6.5; ø base cm 2.9.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12999/33; 13003/14, 28-29, 35).

G731/54 Inv. no. 8093 (Fig. 673)Idem. Buff ware.Chipped rim.H. cm 14.2; (h. cm 4.3); ø mouth cm 4.7; ø neck cm 3.5; ø max.cm 8.0; ø base cm 3.4.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12999/33; 13003/14, 28-29, 35).

G731/59 Inv. no. 8098 (Fig. 674)Sub-cylindrical beaker with concave wall, flared rim and flatbase. Buff ware. Polychrome painted decoration: friezecomposed of a zigzag with tooth-edged-hatched triangles in theinterstices (DM 3049.1).H. cm 13.4; ø mouth cm 8.3; ø base cm 9.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12943/6; 12945/8-9; 12949/6; 13112/5a-6a).

G731/55 Inv. no. 8094 (Fig. 675)Brandy cup on high sub-cylindrical flaring stand. Buff ware.Black painted decoration: frieze composed of two solid pipalleaves with 2 S-shaped vertically hatched leaves protruding outof the stem (DM 1065).H. cm 11.2; ø mouth cm 4.2; ø max. cm 9.0; ø base cm 5.9.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12945/4-5; 12999/35-36; 13003; 13112/3).Drawing no. 7542.

G731/56 Inv. no. 8095 (Fig. 674)Idem. Buff ware. Idem (DM 1065).H. cm 10.9; ø mouth cm 4.3; ø max. cm 9.0; ø base cm 5.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12945/1-2; 12999/37; 13003; 13112/3).Drawing no. 7542.

G731/20 Inv. no. 8059 (Fig. 675)Cylindrical cup with flared rim on low sub-cylindrical flaringstand. Buff ware. Internal (a) and external (b) black painteddecoration: a) 4 hanging and regularly spaced couples ofvertical lines (DM 0002); b) frieze composed of metopesseparated by a sheaf of vertical lines and filled with horizontalpairs of tooth-edged triangles with tangent vertices (DM 3281).Slightly chipped rim.H. cm 13.6; ø mouth cm 13.6; ø base cm 7.3.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 12996/19a-20a; 13003/14, 16, 20).Drawing no. 7535.

G731/42 Inv. no. 8081 (Fig. 675)Idem. Buff ware. Internal (a) and external (b) black painteddecoration: a) 4 hanging and regularly spaced couples ofvertical lines (DM 0002); b) frieze composed of alternating

Fig. 673

Fig. 6748098 8095

8084

8092 8093

8091

The index card and the description are missing.

Grave Furniture

G761/6 Inv. no. 8587Pear-shaped beaker with flared rim and raised cylindrical foot.Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck: friezecomposed of alternating double vertical lines and tooth-edgeddiagonal lines (DM 3010.2).H. cm 12.3 (h. cm 4.1); ø mouth cm 8.3; ø neck cm 7.5; ø max.cm 9.6; ø base cm 4.6.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13342/9).Drawing no. 10705.

G761/7 Inv. no. 8588Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the neck: friezecomposed of a zigzag with alternate plain and tooth-edgedsegments (DM 3000.1).Chipped base.H. cm 12.0 (h. cm 4.1); ø mouth cm 8.5; ø neck cm 7.7; ø max.cm 9.1; ø base cm 3.9.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13342/10).Drawing no. 10704.

G761/3 Inv. no. 8584Hemispherical bowl with flat base. Buff ware.H. cm 9.5; ø mouth cm 19.8; ø base cm 7.1.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13342/6).Drawing no. 10707.

G761/4 Inv. no. 8585Truncated-conical bowl with convex wall and flat base. Grey

330

ware. Black painted decoration: cross-hatched horizontal band(DM 0004.1).H. cm 4.1; ø mouth cm 10.0; ø base cm 3.7.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13342/7).Drawing no. 10706.

G761/1 Inv. no. 8582Ovoid small jar with flat base. Buff ware. Black painteddecoration on the upper part of the body: combination of 2superimposed friezes filled with a hanging and a reversed chainof festoons (DM 4032).Chipped and abraded surface.H. cm 18.1; ø mouth cm 18.6; ø max. cm 22.7; ø base cm 6.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13342/4).Drawing no. 10695.

G761/2 Inv. no. 8583Idem. Buff ware. Black painted decoration on the upper partof the body: frieze composed of metopes separated by avertical line and alternately empty and filled with a cross-hatched pattern (DM 3298).Chipped rim.H. cm 16.6; ø mouth cm 16.5; ø max. cm 20.0; ø base cm 5.5.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13342/5).Drawing no. 10696.

G761/5 Inv. no. 8586Truncated-conical bowl with strait wall and flat base. Calcite.H. cm 4.1; ø mouth cm 9.1; ø base cm 2.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13342/8).Drawing no. 10703.

G761/8 Inv. no. 8592Necklace of 40 beads. Lapis lazuli (19); chalcedony (11);calcite (5) carnelian (5).Lapis lazuli:

cylindrical (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.62; ø cm 0.3.Chalcedony:

cylindrical (aver. dim.): h. cm 1.2; ø cm 0.5.Calcite:

triangular (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.6 × 1.1.Carnelian:

triangular (aver. dim.): h. cm 0.6 × 1.0.(Dep. CS Neg. LA 13342/11).

Square Year of excavation Grave type Kind of useIUP 1978 Simple-pitGrave orientation Soil matrix Depth Shape

Inhumation type Number of individuals Sex of ind. A Age of ind. A

Position skeleton A Orient. of the skeleton A Grave goods GG stratigraphyPresent

GG attribution to individual GG position

GRAVE 761 (Figs. 786-787)

Fig. 786

Fig. 787

Biscione, R., G.M. Bulgarelli, M. Piperno & M. Tosi (1973)Shahr-i Sokhta. Iran, 11, pp. 203-05.

Biscione, R., G.M. Bulgarelli, L. Costantini, M. Piperno & M.Tosi (1974) Archaeological Discoveries and Methodo-logical Problems in the Excavations of Shahr-i Sokhta,Sistan. In J.E. van Lohuizen-De Leeuw & J.J.M. Ubaghs,eds., South Asian Archaeology 1973, pp. 12-52. Leiden.

Bonora, G.L. (1998-99) La tomba GTT 1003 di Shahr-i Sokhtae le sepolture collettive del calcolitico antico, medio etardo in Asia Media. Tesi di laurea/Degree Dissertation,Università degli Studi di Bologna, Facoltà di Lettere eFilosofia. Bologna.

Bonora, G.L., C. Domanin, S. Salvatori & A. Soldini (2000)The Oldest Graves of the Shahr-i Sokhta Graveyard. In M.Taddei & G. De Marco, eds., South Asian Archaeology1997. Serie Orientale Roma, XC, III, pp. 495-520.Rome.

Costantini, L. (1979) Wood Remains from Shahr-i Sokhta: ASource of Information for the Ancient Environment inProtohistoric Sistan. In M. Taddei, ed., South AsianArchaeology 1977. Istituto Universitario Orientale, pp. 87-121. Naples.

Costantini, L., L. Costantini Biasini & A. Lentini (1997)Indagini archeobotaniche sul contenuto dei vasi di corredodi due tombe della necropoli di Shahr-i Sokhta, Sistan,Iran. In L. Mossa & G. Bacchetta, eds., 92° Congressodella Società Botanica Italiana. Università degli Studi diCagliari, p. 171. Cagliari.

Cucarzi, M. (1989) Cemeteries, Huge Structures, WorkingAreas through Geophysical Investigations. In K. Frifelt &P. Sørensen, eds., South Asian Archaeology 1985, pp. 210-15. London.

Cucarzi, M. & M. Piperno (1979) The Possibility toDistinguish Some Classes of Tombs in the Shahr-i SokthaGraveyard. Rivista di Archeologia, III, pp. 12-13.

Lombardi Pardini, E.C. & E. Pardini (1992) SexualDimorphism in an Ancient Sistan Population (Shahr-iSokhta). In C. Jarrige, ed., South Asian Archaeology 1989,pp. 223-25. Madison.

Macchiarelli, R. & P. Passarello (1988) Analisi paleo-demografica comparativa della popolazione di Shahr-iSokhta (Sistan, Iran, III millennio a.C.). Rivista diAntropologia, LXVI, pp. 5-36.

Maetzke, G., T. Rysiewska, S. Tabaczynski & P. Urbanczyk(1977) Problemi dell’analisi descrittiva nelle ricerche suisiti archaeologici pluristratificati? Archeologia Medio-evale, IV, pp. 7-46.

Pardini, E. (1977a) Gli inumati di Shahr-i Sokhta (Sistan, Iran).Studio osteologico preliminare. Archivio per l’Antropo-logia e l’Etnologia, 107, pp. 159-235.

Pardini, E. (1977b) Caratteristiche antropologiche degliabitanti di Shahr-i Sokhta. In AA.VV., La Città Bruciatanel Deserto Salato, pp. 149-56. Venezia.

Pardini, E. (1979-80) Gli Inumati di Shahr-i Sokhta (Sistan,Iran). Archivio per l’Antropologia e l’Etnologia, 109-110,pp. 521-608.

Pardini, E. & A.A. Sarvari-Negahban (1976) Craniologia degliinumati di Shahr-i Sokhta (Sistan, Iran). Archivio perl’Antropologia e l’Etnologia, 106, pp. 273-321.

Pardini, E. & E.C. Lombardi Pardini (1985-88) La strutturabiologica della popolazione di Shahr-i Sokhta (IIImillennio a.C., Sistan, Iran). In G. Gnoli & L. Lanciotti,eds., Orientalia Josephi Tucci memoriae dicata. SerieOrientale Roma, LVI.3, pp. 1061-78. Roma.

Pardini, E. & E.C. Lombardi Pardini (1990) The SomaticAspect of the Shahr-i Sokhta Inhabitants from InhumedSkeletal Remains. In M. Taddei, ed., South AsianArchaeology 1987. Serie Orientale Roma, LXVI, Part 1,pp. 453-57. Rome.

Pepe, C. (1986-87) Segnali di rango in una società dell’Asiamedia: la distribuzione degli ornamenti nella necropoli diShahr-i Sokhta. Tesi di laurea/Degree Dissertation, IstitutoUniversitario Orientale, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia.Napoli.

Piperno, M. (1976) Grave 77 at Shahr-i Sokhta: Evidence ofTechnological Specialization in the 3rd millennium B.C.East and West, 26, pp. 9-12.

Piperno, M. (1977) La necropoli. In AA.VV., La CittàBruciata nel Deserto Salato, pp. 113-48. Venezia.

Piperno, M. (1979) Socio-economic Implications from theGraveyard of Shahr-i Sokhta. In M. Taddei, ed., SouthAsian Archaeology 1977. Istituto Universitario Orientale,pp. 123-40. Naples.

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Piperno, M. & S. Salvatori (1982) Evidence of WesternCultural Connections from a Phase 3 Group of Graves atShahr-i Sokhta. In H.-J. Nissen & J. Renger, eds.,Mesopotamien und seine Nachbarn (XXV RencontreAssyriologique Internationale) Berlin 3-7. Juli 1978,pp. 79-85. Berlin.

Piperno, M. & S. Salvatori (1983) Recent Results and NewPerspectives from the Research at the Graveyard of Shahr-i Sokhta, Sistan, Iran. Annali dell’Istituto UniversitarioOrientale, 43, 2, pp. 173-91.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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