The Second New Deal
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Transcript of The Second New Deal
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THE SECOND NEW DEAL
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Obama on FDR http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXfOrOQi8d4
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Critics of the New Deal
New Deal under attackDeficit Spending
○ A necessary evilWhen is it used?
John Keynes○ Stimulate Economy○ Spend our way out
of the DepressionDid the New Deal
end the Depression?
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The Second New Deal
Continued to help FarmersWorkersHomebuyersElderly
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Issues continued
Gains were not great Unemployment remained high Production still lagged
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Eleanor Roosevelt
Supported the Second New Deal Social reformer and humanitarian Contributed great political skills Observed social conditions
Reported back to FDR Urged FDR to appoint women to
government positions
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Eleanor Roosevelt
Urged the President to take a stand on controversial issues
Interested in Child welfareHousing reformEqual rights for womenEqual rights for minorities
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Eleanor Roosevelt’s Speech on Human Rights
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPVWmmVKVk0
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Dorothea Lange
Born in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1895 Studied photography in NYC 1936 visited Nipomo, California
Migrant Mother
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Election of 1936
Republicans nominated Alfred LandonGovernor of Kansas
Democrats nominated Franklin RooseveltSecond New Deal was under way
Overwhelming victory for the DemocratsFirst election where most African Americans
voted Democratic rather than RepublicanFirst time labor unions gave united support to a
presidential candidate
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The Supreme Court NIRA is unconstitutional
Declared law gave legislative powers to the executive branchOutside of federal government’s constitutional powers to
regulate interstate commerce AAA should be regulated by state not federal
government “Court Packing Bill” (1937)
Why did he propose it?Appoint 6 new justicesHugo S. Black shifts the balanceViolation of separation of powers?How did Roosevelt get his way?
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Youth, professionals, and other workers
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Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Headed by Harry HopkinsTurned it into largest employer in the
countryCreate many jobs, fast!1935-1943 spent $11 billionJobs to 8 million
○ Unskilled
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WPA Eleanor Roosevelt
WomenMinoritiesYoung people
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WPA: what they did 850 airports 651,000 miles of roads and
streets 125,000 public buildings 300 million garments for the
needyMade by women in sewing
groups
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Labor Unions
Better working conditions because of the Wagner Act
Roosevelt was a “Friend of Labor”Unions donated to his campaignWorkers pledged their votes
Especially affected coal miners and those working in mass-production industries (i.e. automobile, rubber, electrical)
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Congress of Industrial Organizations 1938 Labor organization composed of
industrial unionsSplit from the Committee for Industrial
Organization which signed up unskilled and semi-skilled workers○ Gained union recognition within 2 years
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Labor Disputes
Sit in strikesUsed to bargain during labor movementsStayed in factory but did not do work
○ Why would this be effective?
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Memorial Day massacre
Memorial Day 1937 Police attacked striking steelworkers outside
the Republic Steel plant 10 were killed and 84 wounded NLRB stepped in and required the head of
Republic Steel to negotiate with the unionThis helped labor gain strength
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Slave Narratives
Arnold Gragston http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsDelVbWozA
Sarah Gudger http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CrcHBWk8S8
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National Youth Administration (NYA)
ProvidedEducationJobsCounselingRecreationAid to high school,
college, and graduate students○ Worked part-time in
exchange
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Improving Labor Conditions
1935 NIRA ruled unconstitutional National Labor Relations Act (Wagner
Act)Senator Robert Wagner (New York)Protected rights of workers
○ Join unions○ Engage in collective bargaining
Prohibited unfair practices
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Fair Labor Standards Act
1938 Maximum hours at 44 per week Minimum wage = 25 cents/hour
40 cents/hour by 1945 Rules for 16yrs and under Banned hazardous work for 18 and
under
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Social Security Act
1935 chaired by Frances Perkins 3 major parts
Old-age insurance for retirees 65+ and spousesUnemployment compensation systemAid to families with dependent children and the
disabled Provided substantial benefits to millions
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Social Security Government began accepting responsibility
for providing assistance to needy members of society Old age insuranceUnemployment compensationAid to disabled and dependent children
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Utilities 1935 = 12.6% of
American farms had electricity
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)Executive orderBring electricity to isolated
areas 1945 = 48% of American
farms and rural homes had electricity
1949 = 90%