The Scientific Method. What Is The Scientific Method? Organized series of steps Used to solve...
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Transcript of The Scientific Method. What Is The Scientific Method? Organized series of steps Used to solve...
![Page 1: The Scientific Method. What Is The Scientific Method? Organized series of steps Used to solve problems 6 main steps! (sometimes 5 steps, depending on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649e2a5503460f94b17e73/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Scientific
Method
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What Is The Scientific Method?
Organized series of stepsUsed to solve problems6 main steps!
(sometimes 5 steps, depending on who you are)
Scientists use many approaches to solve a problem, but all use these MAIN steps at some point!
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Why Do We Need A Method?
To stay organized and not repeat mistakes
So that other scientists can replicate the experiment with similar results
To add to your amount of evidence
Help prevent speculation
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The Big Problemo…
STEP 1 !!
Identify a question you want to answer!
What do you want to figure out…
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Research…
Step 2 !!
Gather any and all information on your problem’s topic!
• Use the internet, library, journals, specialists, etc… just make sure it is valid evidence!!
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Hypothesis…(Not Hypotenuse!!)
Step 3 !!
• Form an educated guess that provides a possible answer to the problem statement.
“If…then…” format should always be used!
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Examples…
If cat food is fed to a dog twice a day, then it will turn into a cat in one week.
If one teaspoon of salt is added to a goldfish bowl weekly, then in ten weeks the fish will be able to survive in the Atlantic Ocean.
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Experiment…(The Fun Part!)
Step 4 !!
Perform the actual procedures used to support or reject a hypothesis.
Can have several parts to it.
Can use many different materials and pieces of equipment.
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Data…Lots of Data…Step 5 !!
• Collect and record information and results from the experiment.
• Graphs & tables used commonly– Pie, bar, & line graphs
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Conclusion…
Step 6 !!
• Written response using the results of the experiment.
• Supports or rejects the hypothesis.
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What If I Was Wrong??
It’s ok to be wrong!Try again!Tweak factors in your experiment!No experiment is a bad experiment!!
YOU CAN LEARN FROM EVERYTHING!
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Independent (Manipulated) Variable
• The item being tested or changed…
• There should be only 1 independent variable!
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Dependent (Responding) Variable
• Change that occurs due to the procedures performed on the independent variable.
• Independent Controls Dependent!!
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Control…
Must be present to make an experiment valid!!
Used for a comparison!
Part not tested, it is original, not altered! CONTROL
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Theory…A well-supported hypothesis that unifies a broad range of observations
Enables scientists to accurately predict what will happen in new situations
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Law…Concise statement that expresses a fundamental principle of science
Differs from theory because it doesn’t speculate; it’s just the results of repeated observations
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Graphing
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Why is graphing important?
• Most scientific data is presented as a graph!!!
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What are the three main types of graphs used???
• Line Graph
• Bar Graph
• Pie Graph
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BAR GRAPHS• These are graphs
with rectangular bars, with different lengths, that are proportional to the value they represent.
• Bar charts are used for comparing two or more values.
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Pie Graphs• These are circular
charts, divided into sections, that illustrate the relative magnitudes, percents, or frequencies.
• Together, the sections create a full disk (360 degrees)
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Line Graphs• Line graphs are the
most useful type of graph for representing and interpreting data
– This type of graph shows how one variable is changed by another
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• Which variable goes where???? DRY MIX!!
– Dependent (responding) variable – The variable that depends on the independent variable. This goes on the y-axis!!
– Independent (manipulated) variable – The variable we are manipulating. This goes on the x-axis!!!
The Rules
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Title – Should be in the form of, “The dependence of [dependent variable] on [independent variable]”
Y axis label, be sure to indicate units of measurement
X axis label, be sure to indicate units of measurement
* Make sure that your scale on both the x and y axes are consistent and reasonable
Required Labels
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• The data in the graph should fill the page
• Use a ruler!!!!
• Graphs should always be shown as smooth lines or curves (aka TRENDLINE)• Never connect the dots with straight lines to form a
saw-tooth pattern
How to draw a line graph…
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Smooth lines????• Why?
– The data we take is not perfect. We are looking for overall trends, not individual data points!!!!!
• What do abrupt changes in a graph tell you?– Obvious discontinuities
suggest a significant change has taken place. If possible this measurement needs to be repeated!
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Direct Relationships
• In a direct relationship, as one variable increase/decreases, the other variable also increases/decreases
• Direct relationships graph as a straight line
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Inverse Relationships
• In an inverse relationship, as one variable increases, the other decreases
• Inverse relationships graph as hyperbolas