The Scientific Method Area 1: Belief and Science.
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Transcript of The Scientific Method Area 1: Belief and Science.
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The Scientific Method
Area 1: Belief and Science
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Lesson Aim• To learn about the scientific method as a
source of human understanding
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Can you remember???
• What experiments have you done in Science subjects since S1?
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Magnesium
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• Does anyone know where the word science comes from?
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Science: Context• Science is from the Latin “scientia”, which
simply means knowledge
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Science: Context• Science is from the Latin “scientia”, which
means knowledge
• The scientific method was first developed by Francis Bacon in the 17th Century
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Francis Bacon
This outfit is nothing
compared to my curtains
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• In his writings he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experiment that came to be known as the inductive method.
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The Inductive Method
• The inductive method (also known as induction) is a type of reasoning that involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion.
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The Inductive Method
• The inductive method (also known as induction) is a type of reasoning that involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion.
...for example...
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The Inductive Method in Action
• 100 Dumbarton Academy pupils burned magnesium in a science experiment and it burned brightly. Therefore, all magnesium burns brightly
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The Inductive Method in Action
• All ice I have ever touched has been cold. Therefore all ice is cold
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The Inductive Method in Action
• One hundred snooker balls were struck with a cue, all of them moved. Therefore all snooker balls will move when struck with a cue
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The Inductive Method
• The Inductive Method involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion
Specific Fact General Conclusion
100 Dumbarton pupils burned magnesium in a science experiment and it burned brightly.
Magnesium burns brightly
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The Inductive Method
• The Inductive Method involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion
Specific Fact General Conclusion
All ice I have ever touched has
been cold
Ice is cold.
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The Inductive Method
• The Inductive Method involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion
Specific Facts General Conclusion
One hundred snooker balls were struck with a cue, all of them moved.
Snooker balls will move
when struck with a cue
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He demanded a planned procedure of investigating all things
natural
Francis Bacon is considered to
be the pioneer of what is known
as the scientific method
He had a religious faith but never
felt there was a clash between
science and religion
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• So what exactly is this scientific method?
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The Scientific Method
1. Observation2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Deduction5. Verification
The 5 Stages
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The Scientific Method
1. Observation2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Deduction5. Verification
The 5 Stages
Look familiar??
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Stage 1: ObservationStage 1 begins with
finding something in nature that you want to find an answer to.
Observation involves collecting information and data
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Stage 2: HypothesisStage 2 involves making
an educated guess as to what may happen with your observations.
A hypothesis is when you 'predict' what may happen
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Stage 3: ExperimentStage 3 is to have a controlled experiment which
will put your hypothesis to the test
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Stage 4: DeductionStage 4 involves making
an informed judgement based on the results of your experiment.
The hypothesis is reviewed and a theory is developed
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Stage 5: VerificationIn Stage 5, the results from the experiment may
support the hypothesis, which then becomes verified.
Or your hypothesis is proved to be false, in which case you start again.
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Stage 5: Verification
Verification: confirmed as accurate or true by acceptable evidence
Falsification: to disprove a theory
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The 5 Stages1. Observation2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Deduction5. Verification
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Science: Further Info• Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof –
just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we have
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Science: Further Info• Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof –
just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we have
• It is a trial and error process
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Science: Further Info• Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof –
just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we have
• It is a trial and error process• Science allows us to systematically examine the
processes behind the natural world, and make predictions and laws regarding these.
![Page 33: The Scientific Method Area 1: Belief and Science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b287f8b9ab0599982af/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Science: Further Info• Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof –
just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we have
• It is a trial and error process• Science allows us to systematically examine the
processes behind the natural world, and make predictions and laws regarding these.
• Science is a method used to understand the world, not a mountain of ‘facts’
![Page 34: The Scientific Method Area 1: Belief and Science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b287f8b9ab0599982af/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Scientific Method1. Observation2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Deduction5. Verification
Science is a method used to understand the world, not a mountain of ‘facts’
![Page 35: The Scientific Method Area 1: Belief and Science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b287f8b9ab0599982af/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• Read and complete p54 of the Purple book