The Scientific Caterpillar. Review – Scientific Method Lab Title Goal (what you want to...
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Transcript of The Scientific Caterpillar. Review – Scientific Method Lab Title Goal (what you want to...
The Scientific Caterpillar
Review – Scientific Method•Lab Title •Goal (what you want to accomplish)•Problem (question)•Hypothesis (what you think will happen, based on experience and research
If… then…)•Independent Variable (one thing you change)•Dependent Variable (what you measure)•Materials (shopping list)•Procedure (number each step)•Data (data table or chart and written observations and pictures)•Results – graph your data•Conclusion
1.Explain how your hypothesis was supported/not supported by the data
from your experiment
2.Identify any possible errors or factors that could have affected your
experiment
3.Discuss what you might do differently next time and what other related
experiments you would want to do
4.What did you learn about the standard or goal
What is the Scientific Method?
• The Scientific Method is a process that is used to find answers to questions about the world around us. There are several versions of the Scientific Method. Some have a few steps and some have more steps.
• All versions begin with the same thing – the identification of an idea, problem, or question based on observations of the world around us.
Problem (aka – Testable Question)• A good problem comes from a GREAT
idea!• Must be TESTABLE QUESTION – one that
can be answered by conducting an experiment.
• Do not select a question that can be answered by doing research.
• Must provide data that can be measured – no questions that can just be answered yes or no
Testable Question?Can I create an experiment to find the answer?
Does it provide data to be measured?Is it NOT a yes or no question?
• Which gum makes the biggest bubble?• Which gum is the most expensive?• How does an eye work?• Which brand of football gloves are the stickiest?• Which brand of football gloves are made with
leather?• Does fertilizer affect plant growth?• Which fertilizer causes plants to grow the tallest?• Can I make a volcano with baking soda and
vinegar?
Notes for Problem
• Lift up the PROBLEM circle underneath write: • TESTABLE QUESTION
Hypothesis
• Form a Hypothesis – Educated Guess This is a possible solution to the problem.
• Test the Hypothesis - An experiment is performed to determine if the hypothesis is supported or not (there is no right or wrong).
• You can gain valuable information even when your results do not support your hypothesis.
HYPOTHESIS
• Written in the IF – THEN – BECAUSE format
• If the variable plants received double the fertilizer, then they will grow taller because they are receiving more nutrients.
Notes for Problem & Hypothesis
• Lift up the HYPOTHESIS circle and underneath write:
• Educated guess• IF, THEN, BECAUSE.
VariablesIndependent Variable
• The 1 thing YOU change
• What is tested• What is manipulated***Amount of fertilizer
Dependent Variable• What you MEASURE• What is observed• What is measured• The data collected
during the investigation
• Affected by the independent variable
***Height of plants
Controlled Variable• Variables that are not
changed• Also called constants• Used for comparisons• Allow for a “fair test”***Sunlight, water, soil, type
of plant, ect.
Identify the variables• Students of different ages were given
the same jigsaw puzzle to put together. They were timed to see how long it took to finish the puzzle.
Independent Variable
Ages of students
Dependent Variable
Time it took to put the puzzle together
Controlled variable
Same puzzle
Identify the variables• The higher the temperature of water,
the faster an egg will float.
Independent Variable
Temperature of water
Dependent VariableTime for the egg to float
Controlled variable
Same egg
Identify the variables• A group of students was allowed to listen to
music during a test while the other group was not. Test scores were then collected and compared.
Independent Variable
Music
Dependent Variable
Test scores
Controlled variable
Same test
Identify the variables• Students each bounced a basketball, a
tennis ball, and a bouncy ball on the floor to see which would bounce higher.
Independent Variable
Type of ball
Dependent VariableHeight ball bounces
Controlled variable
Floor, height ball was dropped from
Variables• Lift up the VARIABLES circle and underneath
write:
• Independent –change• Dependent –measure• Control – same
4. VARIABLES
Materials
• Shopping list• Numbered!• Lots of DETAILS!– 1 ¾ liter water –
not some water– 4 pieces of 8 ½” by 11”
plain white computerpaper – not paper
What could be improved on this list?
• Aluminum foil• Water• Paper• 1 box
Toothpicks• 8 Rubber
bands• 2 glasses
Example of Materials:
• 1 25 ft roll of aluminum foil• 2 liter bottle of drinking water• 2 sheets of newspaper• I box of 200 flat, wooden
toothpicks• 8 small Rubber bands measuring
no more than 2” long• 2 clear, drinking glasses able to
hold at least one liter of water
Materials• Lift up the MATERIALS circle
and underneath write: • Detailed list
5. MATERIALS
Procedure• Numbered!• Step by step directions so that
someone else could do your experiment exactly the same way.
• Very SPECIFIC• Explanation of experiment• Number of times to do
the experiment
What is the correct order?
Procedure
• Lift up the PROCEDURE circle and underneath write:
• Numbered• Step – by –step
6. PROCEDURE
Data
• Data table or chart and written observations and pictures
• Scientists usually use metric units of measurement
Tree Height # of Leaves
Location
Redwood 87 meters 5,687 California
Fern 45 meters 6,478 Minnesota
Pine 13 meters 256 Flagstaff
Data• Lift up the DATA circle and
underneath write:
• Chart
7. DATA
Results• Graph• Provide information in pictures.• Organize the data so it can be analyzed.• Make it easier to quickly understand
relationships in the data.
Bar Graphs
• When data is grouped in categories, that may not be in order.
• Shows countable data with horizontal or vertical bars.
Circle or Pie Graphs
• Compares parts to the whole.• Shows how the parts of data are
related to the whole and to each other.
Line Graphs
• Show patterns of ordered data over time.• Shows how data will change over time.
Graphs• Did you select the correct type of graph for
your data?• Are all of your graphs correctly labeled with:
– Title– X-axis labeled– Y-axis labeled– Units of measurements are labeled (in metric)– Proper scale – the appropriate high and low values– Data plotted correctly and clearly
• Use a ruler and color• If you have more than one set of data, show
each set with a different color or symbol.– Include a legend if necessary
Remember - SULTAN
• Scale
• Units of measurement
• Labels – x & y axis
• Title
• Accuracy
• Neatness (ruler and color)
Circle 8• Lift up the RESULTS circle and
underneath write: • Graphs• Bar, line or circle• SULTAN
8. RESULTS
Select the correct graphVOTE A, B, C or D With your hands
Which is the right graph?
1. A __________ shows changes over time.
a) circle graphb) line graphc) bar graphd) double bar graph
Which is the right graph?
1. A __________ shows changes over time.
b) line graph
Which is the right graph?
2. A ____________ is used to represent data as part of a whole.
a) circle graphb) pictographc) line graphd) bar graph
Which is the right graph?
2. A ____________ is used to represent data as part of a whole.
a) circle graph
Which is the right graph?
3. Brittany wanted to keep track of how many pieces of gum she chewed in a week. On Monday, she chewed 4 pieces, Tuesday 3 pieces, Wednesday 6 pieces, Thursday 5 pieces, Friday 2 pieces, Saturday 8 pieces and Sunday 3 pieces. Which of the following graphs would be best for this data?a) circle graphb) double bar graphc) line graphd) pictograph
Which is the right graph?
3. Brittany wanted to keep track of how many pieces of gum she chewed in a week. On Monday, she chewed 4 pieces, Tuesday 3 pieces, Wednesday 6 pieces, Thursday 5 pieces, Friday 2 pieces, Saturday 8 pieces and Sunday 3 pieces. Which of the following graphs would be best for this data?
c) line graph
Which is the right graph?
4. Sandy made $100 for babysitting for 3 days. She went to the mall to spend her money. She spent $50 on clothing, $20 on jewelry, $15 on makeup, $10 on a CD, and $5 on food. What type of graph should Sandy use to show her mom how she spent the money?a) bar graphb) pictographc) line graphd) circle graph
Which is the right graph?
4. Sandy made $100 for babysitting for 3 days. She went to the mall to spend her money. She spent $50 on clothing, $20 on jewelry, $15 on makeup, $10 on a CD, and $5 on food. What type of graph should Sandy use to show her mom how she spent the money?
d) circle graph
Which is the right graph?
5. Grandma Fryman decided to make some cookies for her grandchildren. She made 3 batches of chocolate chip cookies, 2 batches of sugar cookies, 4 batches of peanut butter cookies and 6 batches of oatmeal cookies. What type of graph would Grandma use to display this data?a) circle graphb) double bar graphc) line graphd) bar graph
Which is the right graph?
5. Grandma Fryman decided to make some cookies for her grandchildren. She made 3 batches of chocolate chip cookies, 2 batches of sugar cookies, 4 batches of peanut butter cookies and 6 batches of oatmeal cookies. What type of graph would Grandma use to display this data?
d) bar graph
Summarizing Your Data
• You have collected, recorded, and graphed all your data.
• Now it is time to decide if your hypothesis is correct or not.
Hypothesis: Tomato plants will grow the tallest if they if they get 12 hours of light each day because research states they need plenty of light. Amount of light
per day:
Plant A: 12 hoursPlant B: 9 hoursPlant C: 6 hours
Based on the data, was they hypothesis supported?
Hypothesis: Styrofoam will keep ice frozen the longest because they are made from polystyrene, a material which traps air, and Styrofoam coolers are very popular.
Based on the data, was they hypothesis supported?
Conclusion
Use your data/results to write your conclusion.
1. Explain how your hypothesis was supported/not supported by the data from your experiment.
2. Identify any possible errors or factors that could have affected your experiment.
3. Discuss what you might do differently next time and what other related experiments you would want to do.
Conclusion• Lift up the CONCLUSION circle and
underneath write: • Hypothesis supported?• Use DATA• Reflect – What did you learn?
9. CONCLUSIO
N
PROBLEM
TestableQuestion
HYPOTHESISEducated
GuessIF- THEN- BECAUSE
VARIABLESIndependent – changeDependent – Measure
Control - Same
MATERIALS
Detailed List
PROCEDURENumbered
Step-by-Step
DATAChart
RESULTSGraphs
Bar, line or circle
SULTAN
CONCLUSIONHypothesis supported?Use data
Reflect – what did you learn?
PROBLEM
HYPOTHESIS
VARIABLES
MATERIALS
PROCEDURE
DATA
RESULTS
CONCLUSION