The science of publishing. UR-LING Workshop May 2014
-
Upload
aurelio-ruiz-garcia -
Category
Science
-
view
306 -
download
2
description
Transcript of The science of publishing. UR-LING Workshop May 2014
The science of publishing
UR-LING Workshop Aurelio Ruiz. May 2014
http://es.linkedin.com/in/aurelioruiz
What is this talk about?
The science of publishing
This presentation is about my personal feelings, based on experience related to work with different research
groups.
It provides an overview and pointers to details.
It generates questions rather than provide answers…
But I have never published!!
The science of publishing
NOT a 10 tips to write a successful article
NOT a discussion about the way the scientific publishing industry works
The science of publishing
What I expect from you: After this talk,
you assess your own “relation” with
scientific publishing
There is not a single right approach
- Discuss specific issues with
peers / senior colleagues
- Build your own approach: Being aware
of how publishing works can be very
beneficial for your career the
implications of your choices affect
your career
Who we are
Servei de Recerca
Som uns FACILITADORS
els requeriments dels programes de finançament de la recerca
les normes de les institucions
les necessitats de l’investigador
Finançadors, programes
UP
F, adm
inistració
p
úb
lica
Estr
atèg
ia p
ròp
ia,
situ
ació
act
ual
Servei de Recerca
ESTRUCTURA CENTRALITZADA
Secció de suport a la política científica
Oficina de projectes
Secció de Gestió Econòmica
ESTRUCTURA DESCENTRALITZADA
Delegació Oficina de Projectes SdR Campus
Comunicació-Poblenou
Servei de Recerca i Unitat d'Innovació i Parcs Edifici Mercè Rodoreda C/Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27 08005 Barcelona http://www.upf.edu/rdi/
Servei de Recerca Edifici Tànger C/Roc Boronat, 138 08018 Barcelona Despatx 55.223 Aurelio Ruiz: Promotor Campus Barbara Albareda: Oficina de Projectes (baixa) Neus Balaguer: Oficina de Projectes Txema Farrona: Gestió Econòmica Manel Ronda: Gestió Econòmica [email protected]
TRAINING
Graduate, post-graduate and professional training Joint programs, national and international exchanges
In-house training Career development for students, including stays at companies (practicum, thesis, etc)
Innovation in teaching
RESEARCH Research training (PhD programs)
Public and private R&D calls (projects, human resources, infrastructures, research awards, etc)
Collaborative projects, industrial PhDs Tailor-made R&D projects for external entities
Prototyping and proof-of-concepts of new technologies and services Trend and business analysis in changing ICT, Health, Humanities and Social Sciences
OTHER ACTIVITIES
Access to spaces and specialized infrastructures to external parties Sponsorship, Social Responsibility
Specialized consulting Technological platforms
Direct technology and knowledge transfer (patents, open source, publications, etc) Cultural and artistic production
UPF activities
Assessment of
publication impact
Library Services
Bibliography manager: Mendeley. Next June 4th Seminar! http://www.upf.edu/intranet/cquid/formacio/3er_trimestre_201314/Fitxes/mendeley_comu2.html
Open Access (Repository)
UPF regulation / Recommendations
UPF activities: publications
Overview on scientific publishing
Motivation
Which is your motivation to publish?
Which is your motivation to do research?
Motivation
Which is your motivation to do research?
Advancement of knowledge IMPACT
New knowledge which is not integrated in the
research community is irrelevant
Motivation
Which is your motivation to do research?
New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant
State-of-the-art “information that has been made available to the public in any form before a given date” - Am I aware of the global state-of-the-art? (including that outside my closer community) - Contributions to state-of-the-art are multiple: Results, methods, reviews, etc
Motivation
Which is your motivation to do research?
New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant
Public Research community.
Which is the most relevant (and complete) research community relevant
to my knowledge?
Where do top researchers in my area of knowledge publish?
Are there emerging areas of knowledge related to my work?
Motivation
Which is your motivation to do research?
New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant
• How you can be useful to others / Others can be useful for you? • What can you offer? • Why could they be interested in you / your results / your methods? • Who are the direct and indirect beneficiaries of your research? • Who do you need to conduct your research?
• Other skills • Infrastructures / Strategic providers • Requirements / feedback • Subjects for experiments • Visibility • Future employers!, etc...
• “Greater why”: get to know properly the wider area of knowledge (and who plays a role)
Motivation
Which is your motivation to do research?
New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant
Integration: Communication, validation,
replication, acceptance, use Publishing is the core system to streamline
this process
Motivation
Knowledge integrated
• Communication,
validation, replication, acceptance, use
Each field of knowledge has different
social norms
Get to know what is relevant for you
Public Research
community
Assessment
Get to know the system to maximize your
success (relative assessment against
peers)
Career advancement
Issues we will discuss
Motivation to do research
Motivation to publish
Who is your target community
Types of publications
Metrics
The process (stakeholders): - The author
- The reviewer - The reader - The journal
- Other stakeholders
Research data
Communication
Validation Replication Acceptance
Use
Individual work
(regularly updated)
The system
The system in given
area(s) of knowledge / career
paths
Relevance of assessment
We are judged by what we finish, not by what we start.
We are judged by what we achieve, not by what we do.
Own assessment
All profiles in research are very qualified
In terms of fundraising / career plans, absolute assessment is not useful Relative to competitors (not just from my field!)
What is special in our CV with respect to equivalent peers?
How to write a successful article
How to write an article
• Write early and often: do not wait until you have the results / chosen the journal
• Planning is more effective if it starts from the end
• Which are the publications I plan to submit based on my current work? Draft
different working titles. Think about the required intermediate steps to conduct the
research.
• Does the work have the potential to lead to a single publication, or to a series of
papers? Does it have any interest to generate some other material?
• Where could I publish?
• And where not? Why?
Planning an article: Logical Framework Approach
Resources
Activities
Results
Project purpose
Greater Why
WHAT FOR: This is the specific impact my publication aims at making. From
all the problems, which is the one I address? (which difference does this
publication bring among peers? Why should it be published against the other
competitors?).
WHAT: This is typically the contribution
THIS TYPICALLY DETERMINES THE MOST ADEQUATE PUBLISHER
HOW: Methodology
HOW MUCH / WHO: Determines authorship
WHY: Context analysis (area I contribute in). Overall state-of-the-art and
macro-tendencies. This should be relatively stable, and continuously updated
as my standard framework (my discipline may evolve, I may want to change,
etc)
http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/multimedia/publications/documents/tools/europeaid_adm_pcm_guidelines_2004_en.pdf
How to write an article
• What is the purpose of my thinking?
• What precise question am I trying to answer?
• Within what point of view am I thinking?
• What information am I using?
• How am I interpreting that information?
• What concepts or ideas are central to my thinking?
• What conclusions am I coming to?
• What am I taking for granted, what assumptions am I
making?
• If I accept the conclusions, what are the implications?
• What would the consequences be, if I put my thought into
action?
https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-identifying-the-targets/486
Type of publications
Type of publications
Publisher
• Peer-reviewed journals and books
• Non peer-reviewed journals and books
• Conference presentations (peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed –
organized or not by scholarly associations) and/or published in proceedings
/ Posters
• Reports commissioned by external organisations
• Promotional reports and materials on research
• Articles in the popular press and other media, including blogs and science
fora
• Publication in web-based journals and project web sites
• Patents
Variability in content / scope
• Research article, systematic review, meta-analysis, case-study, editorial,
opinion article, technical paper, technical note, etc
NOT ALL PUBLICATIONS HAVE THE SAME RELEVANCE FOR A GIVEN
TARGET (FOR INSTANCE, ACADEMIC LIFE)
Type of publications
How to choose: Who do you want to read your paper?
- Get inspired by the top researchers in your (wide) area of research:
- Where do they publish?
- What type of articles?
- How do you keep track of the state-of-the-art? What do you usually read?
- Journal ranks and status: Impact-factor (normalised citations of an indexed
journal over a period of time) / prestige in your field. Specially in humanities the
impact factor is to be handle with great care (as variabilities are not high)
- Adequacy to content / target reader. Browse the journals:
- Type of content recently published
- References in your own work
- Type of publication: professional, academic, multi-disciplinary, applied,
electronic (Blaxter et al, Writing on academic careers)
- Quality of your work, co-authors
- Read their instructions for authors
- Check timelines for review and rejection rates
- Check publication and copyright policy
Impact factor
Índexs per valorar les revistes de Ciències Socials i Humanes
http://www.upf.edu/bibtic/guiesiajudes/eines/avalua/rcsh.htm
Metrics
Metrics
Communication Validation Replication Acceptance
Use
http://thomsonreuters.com/products/ip-science/04_030/using-bibliometrics-a-guide-to-evaluating-research-performance-with-citation-data.pdf
H-index: reflects
productivity and
impact
- Reduce the
weight of highly-
cited papers
Journal impact
factor: average
citations of
articles in a
journal in 2 years
Hierarchies of
journals across
areas
Percentile
indicators:
relative
Metrics
Communication Validation Replication Acceptance
Use
http://wokinfo.com/media/mtrp/UsingBibliometricsinEval_WP.pdf
Understand correctly what they measure
(for instance, journal metrics cannot be used at article level)
Multi-authors: metrics do not give any information about author
contribution (first author, or one among 100 co-authors?)
Compare apples with apples:
- Field definition: self-description of area, area to which journals
where she publishes are assigned to
- Date of publication
- Career stage
Metrics
Bibliometrics do not substitute peer evaluation!
Bibliometrics provide numbers to support
(potentially biased) peer assessment
Just one metric is incomplete to measure a complex phenomenom such as scholarly impact
http://wokinfo.com/media/mtrp/UsingBibliometricsin
Eval_WP.pdf
http://thomsonreuters.com/products/ip-
science/04_030/using-bibliometrics-a-guide-to-
evaluating-research-performance-with-citation-
data.pdf
Metrics
There are a lot of scientific papers out there. One estimate puts the count at 1.8
million articles published each year, in about 28,000 journals. Who actually reads
those papers? According to one 2007 study, not many people: half of academic
papers are read only by their authors and journal editors, the study's authors
write.
But not all academics accept that they have an audience of three. There's a
heated dispute around academic readership and citation—enough that there
have been studies about reading studies going back for more than two decades.
(…)
“Academia’s incentive structure is such that it’s better to publish something than
nothing,”(…) the ways that the internet is letting academics see more accurately
who is reading and citing their papers. “Since the turn of the century, dozens of
databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar have appeared, which allow the
citation patterns of academic papers to be studied with unprecedented speed
and ease,”
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/half-academic-studies-are-never-read-more-three-people-180950222/?no-ist?no-ist
Bibliometric tools
https://dspace.ndlr.ie/jspui/bitstream/10633/27360/5/Choose%20your%20product%20decision%20chart.pdf
Metrics
http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/documents/impacts/TypologyofResearchImpacts.pdf
Other impacts lack universal metric: it does not mean that they cannot be assessed
Metrics
http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.8ce192e94ba842bea3bc811001432ea0/?vgnextoid=1a
24e5e169b51210VgnVCM1000001034e20aRCRD
Stakeholders
The author
Bibliometrics
Information automatically retrieved by
machines Importance of data integrity
At level of author At the level of affiliation
Correct use of references
The author: consistency
http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/2012/11/19/why-you-should-do-more-than-simply-
claiming-your-orcid-id/
Why You Should Do More Than Simply Claiming Your ORCID ID
http://www.upf.edu/bibtic/novetats/140306.html
http://guiesbibtic.upf.edu/orcid
Campanya ORCID UPF
Author name standardization very relevant for automatic retrieval of information
In addition, ORCID provides an unique idenitifier
The author: ethics
http://www.prbb.org/system/uploads/attachment/file/3/ca/CBPC_PRBB_CAT_CAST_ENG.PDF
Code of good scientific practice PRBB
http://www.upf.edu/universitat/planificacio/codi_etic.pdf
Codi ètic de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Who should be an author? To fully meet the criteria of author of a publication
or patent, an individual must a) have made a substantial contribution to the
creative process, that is, to the conception and design of the study, or to the
analysis and interpretation of the data; b) have contributed to the preparation of
the communications, reports, or publications that have arisen; and c) be able to
present in detail his or her contribution to the project and to discuss the main
aspects of the overall research. Authors must provide signed acceptance of the
final version of original manuscripts submitted for publication or registration.
It is unacceptable to claim or grant undeserved authorship or deny deserved
authorship. (…) Unjustified claims of authorship and ghost authorship are forms
of falsification
http://www.esf.org/fileadmin/Public_documents/Publications/Code_Conduct_ResearchIntegrity.pdf
The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity
The author: ethics
Variation among research fields, no universal set of standards but ethics codes
http://www.elsevier.com/ethics/toolkit
The author: other issues
Correct affiliation
Recommendations for author name and affiliation standardization in UPF's
scientific output
http://www.upf.edu/bibtic/en/serveis/suport/filiacio/
Your career will be influenced by group, department and university prestige.
Other acknowledgements:
• Recognition to other’s contributions: provision of data, reviews, etc
• Acknowledgement to funders
“"The presented work was made possible by the Marie Curie Initial Training
Network (ACRONYM), financed by the FP7 of the European Commission
(contract-Nº XXX)."”
The reviewer
The rewiev(er)
Reviewers are just peers.
Think about yourself as a
potential reviewer:
- What do you expect to
read? Level of rigour?
- Be polite, learn from
feedback (even if
disencouraging)
Publishers
Openness
http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2014/healthyself/
Copyright policies, open access self-archiving policies and open access publishing
options. This is also a decision you make
Openness
‘Gold’ open access (open access publishing): payment of publication costs is shifted
from readers (via subscriptions) to authors. These costs are usually borne by the
university or research institute to which the researcher is affiliated, or by the funding
agency supporting the research
‘Green’ open access (self-archiving): the published article or the final peer-reviewed
manuscript is archived by the researcher in an online repository before, after or
alongside its publication. Access to this article is often delayed (‘embargo period’) at
the request of the publisher so that subscribers retain an added benefit.
Institutional repository
Thematic repositories (http://arxiv.org/)
Also address allowing early access
http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/era-
communication-towards-better-access-to-scientific-information_en.pdf
Other stakeholders
Marketing
Market your publications, nobody is going to make it for you:
- If your results could be of interest at UPF level, or for the media, let the Communication
Unit at UPF know. You can facilitate their interest if you can relate your results to any
relevant issue
- Make your publications available Open Access http://repositori.upf.edu/
If you would like to deposit a document in the e-Repository, please contact the Library by
email at [email protected] or by telephone at 93 542 17 27
and keep you CV at UPF continuously updated
- Create those profiles which could be relevant for you:
- Scopus, WoS researcherID
- Google Scholar
- Social Networks such as ResearchGate
-They in addition easily allow you to track new citations of your work (and identify
potential future collaborators)
- Let your colleagues know, directly, posting in shared webs (group, department, etc),
ideally with the direct link to an open access publication
- Could it be of interest for any professional publication? Give a try
- Present your work at conferences, seminars…. Publishing it does not guarantee that it is
effectively read!
Data management
Why? Own reuse, external reuse (even condition to use other’s data), support to
our publications (reproducibility / citation), precondition from funding agencies
•What types of data do you generate/collect?
• Types: Text, numerical, multimedia, models, software, discipline specific,
instrument specific
• Objects: Documents, spreadsheets, questionnaires, transcripts,
audiotapes, videotapes, photographs, films, samples, data files,
methodologies, workflows, procedures, protocols….
• Records: Ethics applications, consent forms, publications, reports, etc…
• Processes: observational, experimental, simulations, derived or compiled,
reference or canonical
• What standards do you use?
• How will this data be exploited and/or shared/made accessible for verification
and re-use? If data cannot be made available, why?
• How will this data be curated and preserved?
http://datalib.edina.ac.uk/xerte/play.php?template_id=9
Summary
Publishing is joining a “conversation” Get to know:
- What you have to say
- Who is interested in it
- Which is the best way to reach them and generate further conversation
Generate your own approach
Your participation in this conversation will be continuously assessed:
- Keep regular track of your (and other’s) contribution
- Understand the metrics, and which are favourable to your targets
- Use the resources available to you
- Senior colleagues
- Collaborators
- University support
When closing this presentation….
In this new series — “How to Prepare a Manuscript for International Journals” — a
seasoned editor gives advice to boost your chances of acceptance
Six things to do before writing your manuscript
1. Think about why you want to publish your work – and whether it's publishable.
2. Decide what type of the manuscript to write.
3. Choose the target journal.
4. Pay attention to journal requirements in the Guide for Authors.
5. Pay attention to the structure of the paper.
6. Understand publication ethics to avoid violations.
Closing advice
• As you prepare your manuscript, there are some basic principles you should always
keep in mind:
• Cherish your own work – if you do not take care, why should the journal?
• There is no secret recipe for success – just some simple rules, dedication and hard
work.
• Editors and reviewers are all busy scientists, just like you. Make things easy to save
them time.
http://www.elsevier.com/connect/six-things-to-do-before-writing-your-manuscript?sf2913695=1
Q&As
Thank you