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The Science Of Architecture
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Transcript of The Science Of Architecture
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The Science of Architecture
How forces act on buildings & how buildings resist them
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What Forces Affect Buildings?
• Gravity Forces
• Lateral Forces
• Temperature
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Gravity Forces – Live Loads
• People
• Furniture
• Equipment
• Snow
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Gravity Forces – Live Loads
• People
• Furniture
• Equipment
• Snow
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Gravity Forces – Dead Loads
• Building structure
Substructure
Foundations
Below Grade Sp.
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Gravity Forces – Dead Loads
• Building structure
Superstructure
Columns
Beams
Walls
Roof
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Lateral Forces
• Wind
• Seismic
• Waves
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Lateral Forces – Wind Loads
• Act horizontally and sometimes upward
• Can cause buildings to sway back and forth
• Buildings must be designed to resist these forces
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Lateral Forces – Seismic Loads
• Violently shakes ground back and forth
• Can cause severe structural damage
• Buildings must be designed to absorb forces
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Lateral Forces – Wave Loads
• Constant and tremendous force at base of building
• Can push superstructure off of foundation
• Buildings must be designed to allow waves to penetrate and go through structure
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Forces Due to Temperature
• Expansion
• Contraction
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Forces Due to Temperature• Expansion
– When a material heats up it can elongate or expand causing failure or damage to places where beams and columns connect.
• Contraction– When a material gets
cold it can shrink or contract also causing the same type of failure at connections.
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Building Structure
• Superstructure– Beams– Columns– Walls– Roof
• Substructure– Foundation– Basement
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Building Structure
• Beams– Resist a load or force
applied perpendicular to the beam. The beam bends to resist the force.
– The top of the beam is pushing together in “compression”.
– The bottom of the beam is pulling apart in “tension”.
– The strength of beams depend on two factors
• Strength of material
• Shape of the beam
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Building Structure – Beam Diagram
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Building Structure
• Columns– Resist a load or force
applied parallel to the column
– The columns resists the load in “compression”.
– The columns can also bend due to lateral loads.
– A column is really just a beam that is vertical or standing straight up.
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Building Structure - Column Diagram
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Building Structure - Connections
• Beams and Columns are connected together in different ways to form a “rigid” structure.
• These types of connections are one major way that buildings resist forces that act upon them.
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Building Structure - Trusses
• A truss is a collection of structural members connected using “triangulation”. This method allows for a very lightweight and rigid structure that is commonly used in buildings and bridges.
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Building Structure – Truss Diagram
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Building ExamplesPyramids of Giza, Egypt
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Building ExamplesThe Parthenon, Greece
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Building ExamplesGothic Cathedral – St. Patricks’s, NYC
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Building ExamplesEiffel Tower, Paris
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Building ExamplesWorld Trade Center Towers
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Building ExamplesJohn Hancock Building, Chicago
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Building ExamplesSears Tower, Chicago
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Building ExamplesPetronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Building ExamplesTaipei 101, Taipei, Taiwan
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Building ExamplesBurj Dubai Tower, Dubai, UAE
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World’s Current Tallest Buildings
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World’s Tallest Buildings Timeline
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Let’s Build!
Brian M. Taylor, AIABrian M. Taylor Architects P.C.