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Transcript of The Science and Ethics of Stem Cell Research Presented by Jeanne Ting Chowning, MS Northwest...
The Science and Ethics of Stem Cell Research
Presented by Jeanne Ting Chowning, MSNorthwest Association for Biomedical Research
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
Thursday, May 26, 2011
The Science and Ethics of Stem Cell Research
Grades 9 -12
Northwest Association for Biomedical Researchwww.nwabr.org
Today’s Web Seminar
• Background
• Lessons and Activities
• Sample Activities
• Assessment
• Q and A
•1 Lab Investigation
•5 Lessons
•2 Assessment Options
The Curriculum
Background
• Overview– National Science Ed Standards– Essential Questions/Enduring Understandings– Unit Objectives
• Lesson Materials– Teaching sequence for each day– Masters
• Appendix– Teacher support materials
“Good ethics begins with good science and good facts.” -Ken Ryan
Stem Cells - Defining Properties
1. Stem cells are unspecialized
2. They have the ability to self-renew
3. They can change into mature cell types
.
Plenty of Planaria Laboratory Investigation
Fresh water
Flatworms
Free living
Carnivores
Avoid Light
Sexual or Asexual
Regenerative Ability
• Morgan: 1/279 of a planaria can regenerate a whole organism
• Recent studies show that one neoblast cell is enough!
Neoblasts
• Planarian Stem Cell
• ~30% of cells in worm are neoblasts
Planaria are complex
Nervous System
Excretory/OsmoregulatorySystem
Lab Activity• Student groups receive 3
planaria• Whole class studies one
horizontal cut (pooled data)
• Each group determines its own cuts
• Each group has a control• Many inquiry opportunities
http://planaria.neuro.utah.edu/movies/stemcellmovie.html
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/stemcells/planarian_regen.html
Let’s pause for questions. Does anyone have a question
about using planaria?
Lesson 1
Stem Cell Development
Human Embryonic Stem CellsWhere on this chart you think hESC come from ?
Blastocyst embryo at day 5~ 0.2mm in size
~ 8wks embryonic development
Zygote
Morula
Morula 16 cells
Source: Florida Institute for Reproductive Science and Technologies
Blastula/Blastocyst
BlastulaPre-Implantation (3-14 days)
Courtesy: RWJMS IVF Program
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/
Early Embryonic Development
Gastrula
Fate DecisionsFertilized egg
Totipotentstem cells
Totipotent: Can become any cell in body or placenta
Fate Decision
Pluripotentstem cells(3-5 days old)
Blastocyst
Pluripotent: Can become any cell in body
Implantation
Gastrulation (day 14) leads toPrimary Germ CellsEndoderm (inner)digestive tract, resp. trackMesoderm (middle)bones, blood cells, heartEctoderm (outer)skin, CNS
Multipotent: Can become any cell within a specific germ layer or cell lineage
Embryonic stem cells come from inner cell mass of blastocyst.
Implantation
Fate DecisionGastrulation (day 14) leads toPrimary Germ CellsEndoderm (inner)digestive tract, resp. trackMesoderm (middle)bones, blood cells, heartEctoderm (outer)skin, CNS
Multipotent: Can become any cell within a specific germ layer or cell lineage
Multipotent
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hematopoiesis_simple.svg
Blood Cell Lineages
Let’s pause for questions. Does anyone have a question
about the embryonic development activity?
Lesson 2
Techniques for Obtaining Stem Cells
Techniques to obtain stem cells:
Which is the source of human embryonic stem cell lines?
A. In vitro FertilizationB. Therapeutic Cloning
(Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer)C. Umbilical Cord Blood and Bone MarrowD. Induced Pluripotent (iPS) cells
Techniques
Graphic +Description +Story
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_embryonic_stem_cell_colony_phase.jpg
iPS cells
Potential Uses
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stem_cell_treatments.svg
Stem Cell Resources
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/
http://www.stemcellresources.org/index.html
http://stemcells.nih.gov/
Lesson 3
Case Study:One Family’sDilemma
Ethics definition
Ethics seeks to determine what a person should do, or the best course of action, and provides reasons why.
It also helps people decide how to
behave and treat one another, and
what kind of communities would
be good to live in.
IntroducingBioethical Principles through Student Skits
Parent respecting child’s career choiceParent NOT respecting child’s career choice
Parent helping child with homeworkParent NOT helping child with homework
Parent being fair between siblingsParent NOT being fair between siblings
Respect for PersonsRecognizing that all humans have moral standing and acting in a way that honors that moral standing
Supporting, and not interfering with, people’s ability to make choices for themselves.
Harms and Benefits.
Minimizing harms while maximizing benefits :
Acting to lesson negative outcomes and promote positive ones.
Fairness
Sharing benefits, resources, risks, and costs equitably.
Case Study: One Family’s Dilemma
• Couple from religious background• Trouble conceiving naturally• Had 2 children by IVF• Had 6 blastocysts remaining, which were frozen in storage• Insurance no longer covers storage• Researchers would like to use
Cook, Gareth, “After 2 Children Via IVF, Pair Faced Stem Cell Issue” The Boston Globe, April 4, 2004.
What are some possible options?• Option 1
Raise your hand to volunteer!
• Option 2
• Option 3
Case Study: One Family’s Dilemma
A. Continue to payB. Donate embryos to researchC. Donate embryos to other infertile
couplesD. Discard the embryosE. Use embryos to have more children
What are the relevant ethical considerations?
Value diverse positions but also guide students towards shared ethical considerations:
•Respect for persons•Minimizing Harms and
Maximizing Benefits•Fairness•Others
• Respect for Persons
• Minimize Harms/Maximize Benefits
• Justice
Which ethical principle is given priority if they donate the embryos to research?
Raise your hand to volunteer!
• Respect for Persons
• Minimize Harms/Maximize Benefits
• Justice
Which ethical principle is given priority if they decide to discard the embryos?
Raise your hand to volunteer!
“Science cannot resolve moral conflicts, but it can help to more accurately frame the debates about those conflicts.”
Heinz Pagels
Let’s pause two minutes for questions…
Lesson 4
Shades of Gray
Who or what will be affected by the outcome?
“Stakeholders” have a stake in how the question is resolved
Can be individuals, groups, institutions
Provides students with the opportunity to “be in someone else’s’ shoes”
Everyone Raise Your Hand(Leave your hand up to
determine order!)Read the stakeholder biography according to
the following chart.• If you are number 1-5 read stakeholder 1 • If you are number 6-10 read stakeholder 2 • If you are number 11-15 read stakeholder 3 • If you are number 16-20 read stakeholder 4 • If you are number 21-25 read stakeholder 5 • If you are number 26-30 read stakeholder 6• If greater than 30, join according to your ones
place number – 31 = group stakehold 1
“It is ethically acceptable to conduct research using human embryonic stem cells.”
Does your stakeholder agree?
Strongly Agree
AgreeStrongly Disagree Disagree
Small Group Breakout
1. Introduce the stakeholder you represent.
2. State why you placed your stakeholder where you did.
Actual Positions
Were you surprised by your stakeholder’s position?
√ YES X NO
Let’s pause two minutes for questions…
Lesson 5
Ethics and
Policy
Socratic Seminar
Final Assessment
Option 1 – IndividualA Letter to the President’s Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues
Option 2 – GroupA Grant Application
Science
+
Ethical Principles
+
Stakeholders
+
Decision-Making Model
Better-reasoned Arguments
Thank You!
Funding provided by Collaborations to Understand Research and Ethics, (CURE) Science Education Partnership Award, National Institutes of Health
Photo credits•Istockphoto•Cell Imaging Core, Center for Reproductive Sciences•Northwest Association for Biomedical Research•RWJMS IVF Program•SciencePhotoLibrary•Wellcome Trust Image Library•Wikimedia Commons
How can you receive a copy of this free
curriculum?Review and request from NWABR
www.nwabr.org
Other curricular materials include Bioethics 101, Animals in Research, HIV Research, Ethics Primer,
Bioinformatics/Genetic Testing, Bioinformatics/Genetic Research
Thank you to the sponsor of tonight's Web Seminar:
This web seminar contains information about programs, products, and services offered by third parties, as well as links to third-party websites. The presence of a listing or such information does not constitute an endorsement by NSTA of a
particular company or organization, or its programs, products, or services.
http://learningcenter.nsta.org
http://www.elluminate.com
National Science Teachers AssociationDr. Francis Q. Eberle, Executive Director
Zipporah Miller, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs
Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
NSTA Web SeminarsPaul Tingler, Director
Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator