The School Of Forest Resources Building

University Park, Pennsylvania

Chris Hoyman

The Pennsylvania State University

Architectural Engineering

Lighting/Electrical Option

Thesis Outline

• Lighting Depth– Atrium– Videoconference Room– Aquaculture Lab– Meadow

• Electrical Depth– Impact of New Lighting Design– Distribution Analyses

• Acoustic Breadth– Videoconference Room Reverberation Times

• Structural Breadth– Atrium Beam Design

Presentation Outline

• Lighting Depth– Atrium– Videoconference Room

• Acoustic Breadth– Videoconference Room Reverberation Times

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Atrium Overview:

– Four-floor central circulation space

– One of the primary architectural features of the building

• Functions:

– Circulation

– Meeting place

– Architectural Experience

Lighting Depth-Atrium

• Goals of New Design:– Provide an inviting main entrance– Create an environment that will induce people

to admire the space– Highlight some of the natural wood finishes– Provide adequate light levels

• Recommended Illuminances:– 10 fc horizontal– 3 fc vertical

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Atrium First Floor Lighting

Plan

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Atrium Third Floor Lighting Plan

(Corridor section typical to floors two and four)

Lighting Depth-Atrium

• Design Implementation– 2’x2’ recessed parabolic fixtures in corridor area

• Throw light sideways while shielding direct view of lamps

– Suspended “Artichoke” fixtures• Brings light to the center of the atrium• Large fixture fits with scale of the space• Organic appearance add natural element to lighting• Direct view of lamp shielded

– Surface mounted accent lights• Highlight hardwood ceiling

Lighting Depth-Atrium

• Power Density– ASHRAE 90.1 Allowable Power Density:

• 0.60 W/sq.ft. for the first three floors of an atrium, 0.20 W/sq.ft. for each additional floor.

– The total power use in the new design is 2823 W, spread over 4930 sq. ft.

• The total power density = 0.57 W/sq. ft.• Power density requirement met

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Illuminance Levels

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Rendering from fourth floor looking down

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Rendering from outside looking into the second floor

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Rendering of the second floor

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Rendering of the first floor from the entrance

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Rendering from the fourth floor

Lighting Depth-Atrium• Ceiling illuminance levels from the accent lights

Lighting Depth-Atrium

• Design Analysis– Suspended fixtures enhance the architectural

experience with their organic look– Hardwood ceiling highlighted to capture

attention– An average of 12.44 horizontal fc and 5.42

vertical fc was provided, both slightly above the target levels

– Power density requirements were met

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Videoconference Overview:

– Located on second floor

– Multi-use space

• Functions:

– Videoconferences

– Presentations

– Conferences

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room

• Goals of New Design:– Address the lighting requirements of the

camera used for videoconferencing– Increase the performance of the

videoconference lighting system – Provide general room lighting for non-

videoconference settings

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room

• Camera Requirements- more than just illuminance levels:– Recommended Reflectances

• Ceiling- 70-80% • Area behind participants- 40-60% • Table- 40-60%• Floor- 20% minimum

– Recommended Illuminance Levels:• Table- 30-100 horizontal fc • Face- 30-90 vertical fc• Back wall- 10-75 fc

– Recommended Luminance Ratios:• Face to background- 3:1

– Lamp CCT 3000-3500 K- improves skin tone for camera

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room

• New design begins with changing the room:– Moved storage closet– Eliminated second door

• Recommended room dimensions: 20’-25’ x 25’-30’

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room

• New table layout– Everyone within the camera’s 60° horizontal field of view– Similar focal lengths for all people, minimizes refocusing

• Ceiling and sidewalls are eliminated from the camera’s view– Reduces amount of data processed– Prevents glare from luminaires

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Videoconference Lighting Plan

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room

• Design Implementation– 2’x2’ recessed parabolic fixtures for general room

lighting• Provides uniform illumination on the work plane

– Recessed VC fixtures provide directional illumination on the face and table

• Shielded to eliminate direct glare– Recessed 1’x4’ fixtures provide back and side lighting

on the participants– Wall washers provide background illumination

• Dimmable for adaptability– Blackout shades over windows

• Prevent camera from seeing bright exterior

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room

• Power Density– ASHRAE 90.1 Allowable Power Density:

• 1.3 W/ sq. ft. for conference rooms

– The total power use in the new design is 1539 W, spread over 720 sq. ft.

• The total power density = 2.13 W/sq. ft.• Power density requirement exceeded, but offset by

savings in other rooms, so allowable under 90.1

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Videoconference General Lighting Illuminance Levels

The IES recommends 50 fc horizontal for general conference rooms

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Rendering of Videoconference General Lighting

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Rendering of Videoconference General Lighting

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Rendering of Videoconference Lighting (from camera’s view)

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Videoconference Setting Illuminance Values, Wall washers at Full Output

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Videoconference Setting Illuminance Values, Wall washers at Half Output

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Videoconference Setting Luminance Values, Wall washers at Half Output

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room• Rendering of Videoconference Setting, Wall washers at Half Output

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room

• Design Analysis– Camera Requirements:

• Recommended Reflectances– Ceiling- 70-80% 76%– Area behind participants- 40-60% 48% (beige shades)– Table- 40-60% 44%– Floor- 20% minimum 20%

• Recommended Illuminance Levels:– Table- 30-100 horizontal fc 95 fc– Face- 30-90 vertical fc 75 fc– Back wall- 10-75 fc 40 fc at half-

output• Recommended Luminance Ratio:

– Face to background- 3:1 2:1 with wall washers at half-output,

dimming further allows 3:1

Lighting Depth-Videoconference Room

• Design Analysis– Camera requirements addressed and met– System performance during videoconferences

improved over original– General lighting system provides adequate

lighting levels for other room functions

Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room

• A reverberation time analysis of the videoconference room was performed:– Reverberation time influences speech

intelligibility• Too high- cave-like, echoing space• Too low- space seems dead

– Both situations reduce intelligibility, critical in a conference room setting

– Target time: 0.7-1.2 seconds at all frequencies

Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room

T60 Calculation

Frequency Swood αw Scαc Swall αw Sfαf Sgαg ΣSα T60

125 Hz 90.35 577.9 244.75 15.21 15.21 978.71 1.18

250 Hz 66.57 707.27 62.3 45.63 35.75 911.52 1.27

500 Hz 42.79 631.22 35.6 106.47 25.74 841.82 1.38

1000 Hz 28.53 752.89 17.8 281.39 17.16 1097.77 1.05

2000 Hz 28.53 752.89 53.4 456.3 10.01 1301.13 0.89

4000 Hz 23.78 714.87 48.95 494.33 5.72 1287.85 0.903

Reverberation times are above the recommended range at low frequencies. The use of fibrous materials behind a perforated panel facing was analyzed, since it is absorptive at low frequencies

T60 = 0.161 (V / (ΣSα))

Acoustic Breadth-Videoconference Room

T60 Calculation

After adding three sections of paneling (192 sq. ft.) the reverberation times at all frequencies will be within the desired range. This paneling will be on the side walls, out of camera view.

Frequency Swall αw Spanelsαp ΣSα T60

125 Hz 139.35 115.2 988.3 1.17

250 Hz 35.42 144 1034.6 1.12

500 Hz 20.24 157.44 973.9 1.19

1000 Hz 10.12 153.6 1243.7 0.94

2000 Hz 30.36 115.2 1393.3 0.83

4000 Hz 27.83 72.96 1339.5 0.87

Conclusions

• The goals of the new design were satisfied:– New lighting systems delivered adequate

illumination at acceptable power densities– New fixtures enhance the spaces

architecturally– Addition of acoustic paneling will improve

speech intelligibility in the videoconference room

Acknowledgements

• Thanks to Dr. Mistrick and Professor Parfitt for all their help, along with the rest

of the faculty

• Friends and Family

Thank You!

• Questions or Comments?