The Scenario of Gender GAP and inequality in Haryana

Vandana Goyat

• Gender inequality in India refers to health, education, economic and political inequalities between men and women in India.

• Gender inequalities and its social causes, impact India’s sex ratio, women’s health over their lifetimes, their education attainment, and economic conditions.

• Gender inequality in India is a multifaceted issue that concerns men and women alike. Some argue that some gender equality measures, place men at a disadvantage. However, when India’s population is examined as a whole, women are at a disadvantage in several important ways.

WORLD BANK GENDER STATISTICS DATABASE FOR 2012

Gender Statistic

Measure

Females

(India)

Males

(India)

Females

(World)

Males

(World)

Infant mortality rate, (per

1,000 live births)44.3 43.5 32.6 37

Life expectancy at birth,

(years)68 64.5 72.9 68.7

Expected years of

schooling11.3 11.8 11.7 12.0

Primary school

completion rate, (%)96.6 96.3 [5]

Lower secondary school

completion rate, (%)76.0 77.9 70.2 70.5

Secondary school

education, pupils (%)46 54 47.6 52.4

Ratio to males in primary

and secondary education

(%)

0.98 1.0 0.97 1.0

Secondary school

education, gender of

teachers (% )

41.1 58.9 51.9 48.1

Account at a formal

financial institution, (%

of each gender, age 15+)

26.5 43.7 46.6 54.5

Deposits in a typical

month, (% with an

account, age 15+)

11.2 13.4 13.0 12.8

Withdrawals in a typical

month, (% with an

account, age 15+)

18.6 12.7 15.5 12.8

Loan from a financial

institution in the past

year, (% age 15+)

6.7 8.6 8.1 10.0

Outstanding loan from

banks for health or

emergencies, (% age

15+)

12.6 15.7 10.3 11.6

Outstanding loan from

banks to purchase a

home, (% age 15+)

2.26 2.35 6.6 7.4

Unemployment, youth

(% of labor force ages

15-24, ILO method)

10.6 9.4 15.1 13.0

Ratio to male youth

unemployment rate (%

ages 15-24, ILO method)

1.13 1.0 1.14 1.0

Cause of death, by non-

communicable diseases,

ages 15-34, (%)

32.3 33.0 29.5 27.5

Life expectancy at age

60, (years)18.0 15.9

Table 1.2: Global rankings

2012 UNDP Gender inequaltiyindex

148

Glo

bal

Ran

king

132

101

136

2013 WWE Gender Gap Index

Limitations with Indices

• Acc. to some scholars the data used to calculate the index are dated , unreliable and questionable.

• The nation can be and are being ranked high when both men and women suffer from equal deprivation and lack of empowerment. In other words, nations in Africa and the Middle East where women have lower economic participation, lower educational attainment, and poorer health and high infant mortalities, rank high if both men and women suffer from these issues equally. If one's goal is to measure progress, prosperity and empowerment of women with equal gender rights, then these indices are not appropriate for ranking or comparing nations.

Facts about Mahra Haryana

• Now Haryana is considered a prosperous state as its Net State Domestic Product Per Capita was Rs78781 in 2009 -2010. Haryana is the 2nd highest State in Per Capita Income in India. The Haryana's growth performance is mainly attributed to the green revolution in the state achieved mainly an account of the state government’s policy of developing roads, electricity, grain markets and all other infrastructural facilities. Haryana is a small state with an area of only 44212 square kilometers. We have noticed that the total population of Haryana was 56.74 lakh in the year 1951 which increased to 253.53 lakh in the year 2011. The growth rate of population in Haryana is much higher as compared to national growth rate. It is apparent from this scenario that the health and family welfare policy and programmers of the State need to be adjusted to lay greater emphasis on participation involvement of the people.

Sex Ratio in Haryana

Year 1951 1

9

6

1

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Sex Ratio 871 8

6

8

867 870 865 861 877

The sex ratio in Haryana State was almost same since its formation. It was 867, 870, 865, 861, and 877 female per thousand male in the years 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011 respectively which is serious concern.

Human Development Index Of Haryana

Year HDI Rank

1981 0.360 5

1991 0.443 5

2001 0.509 5

The HDI for state as a whole improved from 0.360 in 1981 to 0.509 in 2001,

but the rank as a state in the country remains the same

i.e. 5th. Hence’ relatively there is no improvement in the HDI rank of Haryana.

2011 WEF Country Report

GAP Indicators1. Educational

Attainment

2. Health and Survival

3. Economic Participation and Opportunity

4. Political Empowerment

22.7

39.7

43.6

28.9

We have the P

We have the V

Power to dominate!

Vigilance against male domination!

Why theGAP

• More women staying home.• Women render more part-time jobs.• Breaks in employment.• Drive to break into “man’s world”.• Most women shy away from

competition if competitor is a man.

Hillary M. Lips, PhDProfessor of Psychology, Chair of Psychology Dept. and director of the Center for Gender Studies at Radford University.

FACTS:

What Women to do

Capitalize on your strengths.1

Give up the notion that to be paid fairly a woman must “make it in a man’s world”.

2

Support Co-ed system3

EQUALITY = HARMONY

= OPPORTUNITY

• ''Investing in women's capabilities and empowering them to exercise their choices in the surest way to contribute to economic growth and overall development''