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![Page 1: The Scale of the Universe Notes Test – Thursday, 1/16 Textbook & Online Resources: Chapter 3 – Lesson 1: Scale of the Universe Chapter 3 – Lesson 2: Star.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e2e5503460f94b1e60b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Scale of the Universe Notes
Test – Thursday, 1/16
Textbook & Online Resources:
Chapter 3 – Lesson 1: Scale of the Universe
Chapter 3 – Lesson 2: Star Systems and Galaxies
Chapter 3 – Lesson 3: Gravity and Motion
Chapter 4 – Lesson 5: Small Solar System Objects
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Astronomy
• The study of stars, planets, galaxies… everything in space
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NOT ASTROLOGY
• Fortune telling
• The zodiac
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Regular Telescope
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Really BIG, really expensive telescope
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Hubble Space Telescope
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Distances in the universe can be measured in two ways
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Light Year
The distance that light can travel in a year.
9.46 TRILLION kilometers
*** A light year is a unit of DISTANCE
NOT TIME!!!
*** The speed of light is 670,616,629 mph
300,000,000 meters in 1 second
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Light Year Fun Facts
You could travel from the Earth to the Moon in 1.3 light SECONDS
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Light Year Fun Facts
You could travel from the Earth to the Sun in 8 light MINUTES
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• The most distant space probe, Voyager 1, was about 17 light-hours away from the Earth as of December 2012. Even though it is traveling about 38,000 mph, it will take about 17,500 years to reach one light-year. Before 2015, this will become the first manmade object to leave the Solar System.
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Light Year Fun Facts
• Proxima Centuari, the nearest star, is about 4.22 light years away.
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Light Year Fun Facts
• The center of our galaxy is about 26,000 light years away.
You are here
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Astronomical Unit (AU)
• The distance from the Earth to the Sun
• About 150,000,000 km
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AU Distances from the Sun
• Mercury - 0.39 AU• Venus – 0.72 AU• Earth – 1 AU• Mars – 1.52 AU• Jupiter – 5.20 AU• Saturn – 9.54 AU• Uranus – 19.18 AU• Neptune – 30.06 AU
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Because distances are often so large in space, they are often
expressed in scientific notation.
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Scientific Notation
• 2.4 X 105 =
• 1 Light Year =
9,460,000,000,000,000 m
• 240,000
• 9.46 X 1015
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Relative Size
• Objects that are closer appear larger
• Objects that are farther away appear small.
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Relative Distance
• Distance in reference to a certain point.
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Astronomers calculate relative distance using parallax
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Parallax
• The apparent change in position of an object when you look at it from different places.
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5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
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Universe
• All of space and everything in it
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The Universe is made up of BILLIONS of galaxies!
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Galaxy
• A huge system of stars, star systems, dust, and gas held together by gravity.
*** There are over 100 Billion galaxies in the
universe!
![Page 28: The Scale of the Universe Notes Test – Thursday, 1/16 Textbook & Online Resources: Chapter 3 – Lesson 1: Scale of the Universe Chapter 3 – Lesson 2: Star.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e2e5503460f94b1e60b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way
The Milky Way has 300 Billion Stars
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The Milky Way as seen from Earth
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Nebula
• A large cloud of gas and dust in space
• New stars can form inside Nebulae
The Helix Nebula
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The Witch Head Nebula
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The Red Spider Nebula
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The Horsehead Nebula
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Cat’s Eye Nebula
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Eagle Nebula
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Jellyfish Nebula
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Solar System (AKA – Star System)
• A star and all of the planets and other objects that revolve around it.
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Galaxy vs. Solar System
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• Our solar system is made up of the sun, planets, and ALL other objects that orbit the sun
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The parts of a solar system can include…
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Star
• Made of gases (H & He) and produces its own light & heat through nuclear fusion
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• A group of stars that appear to form a pattern in the sky is a constellation
• Examples: Big/little dipper, Draco
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Planet
• 1)An object that orbits a star
• 2) Is large enough to have become rounded by its own gravity
• 3) Has cleared the area of its orbit.
• Can be rocky or gas
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• Our solar system has 8 planets
• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune
![Page 46: The Scale of the Universe Notes Test – Thursday, 1/16 Textbook & Online Resources: Chapter 3 – Lesson 1: Scale of the Universe Chapter 3 – Lesson 2: Star.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e2e5503460f94b1e60b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A good way to remember this…
• My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos.
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Dwarf Planet
• A spherical object that orbits the sun, but has NOT cleared the area of its orbit.
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There are also 5 dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and
Makemake
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Moon
• An object that orbits a planet.
• A planet can have many moons, one moon, or no moons
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Comet
• Small body of ice, rock, & dust that orbits the sun.
• Has a “tail” because the sun’s heat melts ice, & creates gas
Halley’s Comet –
1986
Will return in 2061
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Comet Hale-Bopp - 1997
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Comet Lovejoy – December 2013
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Asteroid
• Large rocky object that orbits the sun.
• Asteroids make up the Asteroid Belt which is found between Mars & Jupiter.
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Meteor
• Piece of dust, rock, or debris that travels through space.
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Meteor• Meteors are sometimes called “shooting stars” but they are not stars
• They glow when they are passing through the atmosphere, because of friction
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• Everything in the universe has gravity.
• The amount of gravity that an object has depends on its mass and distance from other objects
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• The sun has the most gravity in our solar system
• Large-mass planets have more gravity than smaller-mass planets
• Your weight on other planets
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Remember…
• Weight – The amount of gravity (changes)
• Mass – The amount of matter (doesn’t change)
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Planets and stars are
formed by accretion,
gravity bringing material together
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Small planet – little gravity
Pulls in more dust, ice, & gas
Grows to be a Large planet – More gravityPulls in more
dust, ice, & gas