THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT GDYNIA MARITIME … · 2005-04-05 · THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT GDYNIA...
Transcript of THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT GDYNIA MARITIME … · 2005-04-05 · THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT GDYNIA...
THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT GDYNIA MARITIME UNIVERSITYGDYNIA MARITIME UNIVERSITY
LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS
MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS
DOMAIN DETERMINATIONDOMAIN DETERMINATION
Zbigniew BurciuZbigniew Burciu,,LeszekLeszek SmolarekSmolarek, , JarosJarosłławaw SoliwodaSoliwoda, , Andrzej SzklarskiAndrzej Szklarski,,
Teresa Teresa AbramowiczAbramowicz--GerigkGerigk, Sebastian , Sebastian UklejaUkleja
GdyniaGdynia Maritime University – Poland Maritime University – Poland
Technologies for Search, Assistance and RescueTechnologies for Search, Assistance and RescueLe QuartzLe Quartz Brest, FranceBrest, France
Research carrResearch carriedied o outut in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University - Poland Maritime University - Poland
andand
Maritime Search and Rescue Services PolandMaritime Search and Rescue Services Poland
Co-operating universitiesCo-operating universities
•• Maritime University Maritime University SzczecinSzczecin
•• Gdansk University of TechnologyGdansk University of Technology
•• Warsaw University of TechnologyWarsaw University of Technology
•• Wroclaw University of TechnologyWroclaw University of Technology
•• Military University in WarsawMilitary University in Warsaw
Co-operating research and development companiesCo-operating research and development companies
•• Institute of Aviation WarsawInstitute of Aviation Warsaw
•• Ship Design and Research Centre GdanskShip Design and Research Centre Gdansk
Partners from industryPartners from industry
•• Shipyard Shipyard WislaWisla Gdansk Gdansk
•• RadmorRadmor S.A. S.A. GdyniaGdynia
Research carrResearch carriedied o outut in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University Maritime University –– Poland PolandRescue platform for picking up survivors and rafts during heavy weather condition
This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland ((9 T12C 104 99C/44789 T12C 104 99C/4478))
Research carrResearch carriedied outout in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University Maritime University –– Poland Poland
This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - PolandThis R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland ((148398/C-T00/2004148398/C-T00/2004))
Pyrotechnical pneumatic throwing life buoy (walk on presentation)
Research carrResearch carriedied outout in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University Maritime University –– Poland Poland
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Research on probability of search object detectionResearch on probability of search object detection
Research carrResearch carriedied o outut in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University Maritime University –– Poland Poland
Detection of survivors using thermo-night vision system. Under development.(Will be presented at Session 6)
This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland ((6T12 083 2001C/56866T12 083 2001C/5686))
THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKA
Water currents models
Model of surface currents field
Leeway model
Search area deterministic model
Verification of the search area model.
Conclusions
HIROMB - High Resolution Operational Model for the Baltic.Current velocity field model. Application.
Model parameter identification, classification, Vpr (Vw), Kp- Kw (Vw).Own research.
Identification of model parameters – VTr(Vw). Own research.
Search area model tested in real sea conditions.
Modelling the shape of search area.
Conclusions and future research.
Probabilistic methods in search area modelling Search area stochastic model.
Genesis of the search area model Genesis of the search area model
THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKA,, LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS,LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS,MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS, MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS, DOMAIN DETERMINATIONDOMAIN DETERMINATION
Search objectsSearch objects
E
3E
Comparison of research resultsComparison of research results
E
3E
Drift error De =33%Drift errorDrift error DDee = =3333%%Drift error De =12.5%Drift errorDrift error DDee = =12.512.5%%
According to IAMSAR Volume II (changes before 2002)According to IAMSAR Volume II (changes before 2002)
MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTS
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[W •z•y]
Drift of liferaft Drift of Drift of liferaftliferaft
Velocity drift of liferaft (kts.)Velocity drift of liferaft (kts.)
Surface currentSurface currentSurface current
Kw
6°B ((constant)
Kw, 6°B((constant)
MODEL OF SURFACE MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSCURRENTS
Identification of surface currents field parameters Identification of surface currents field parameters VVprpr ((VVww), ), KKpp- - KKww ((VVww). ). Field investigations. Field investigations. Own research.Own research.
70°
1.1 kts.
0.4 kts.
Assumed reasonAssumed reason
MODEL OF SURFACE MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSCURRENTS
Test resultsTest results
velocity and direction of surface currents velocity and direction of surface currents
4 current meters anchored at 80 m depth4 current meters anchored at 80 m depth
Measurements taken In the periodMeasurements taken In the period
from 07.04 to 13.04. 2000. from 07.04 to 13.04. 2000.
PositionsPositions:: ϕϕ == 55 55oo 25.46 25.46’’ N N λλ == 017 017o o 49.5249.52’’ E E ϕϕ == 55 55oo 25.56 25.56’’ N N λλ == 017 017o o 35.0535.05’’ E E ϕϕ == 5555oo 16.77 16.77’’ N N λλ == 017 017o o 36.0836.08’’ E E ϕϕ == 5555oo 16.62 16.62’’ N N λλ == 017 017o o 49.5049.50’’ E E
current meters
Surface current
HIROMBHIROMB MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS
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Surface current velocities and directions obtained from HIROMB Model and current meters are different from each anotherSurface current velocities and directions obtained from HIROMB Model and current meters are different from each another
as it is presented in the above figures. Direction can differ of 180as it is presented in the above figures. Direction can differ of 180oo..
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model HIROMB position SW model HIROMB position SE
current meter position SW current meter position SE
Current velocityCurrent velocity Current directionCurrent direction
Comparison of surface currents velocities and directions obtained using HIROMB ModelComparison of surface currents velocities and directions obtained using HIROMB Model and measurementsand measurements taken at SE and SW taken at SE and SW current meters anchorage position current meters anchorage positionss
MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTS
Heavy weather - strong wind over 12oB occurred during field investigations atsea (3 - 5.12.1999).The research life raft with measuring equipment was lost.
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Extreme conditionsExtreme conditions
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hours
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Anchorage positionAnchorage position
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Research buoy constructed for surface currents and wind parameters measurementResearch buoy constructed for surface currents and wind parameters measurementss and logging and logging 6. 6. Research buoy on positionResearch buoy on position ϕϕ== 55 55oo 30.02 30.02’’ N N λλ == 018 018oo13.5013.50’’ E E from from 05 05 OctoberOctober toto 23 23 OctoberOctober 2000 2000..
7. 7. Research buoy on positionResearch buoy on position ϕϕ == 55 55oo 30.02 30.02’’ N N λλ ==018018oo13.5013.50’’ E E fromfrom 27 27 NovemberNovember toto 15 15 DecemberDecember 2000. 2000.
HIROMBHIROMB MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTS
For investigation period For investigation period 27.11.2000 - 15.12.2000 r. 27.11.2000 - 15.12.2000 r.
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Comparison of surface current velocity and directionComparison of surface current velocity and directioncalculated using HIROMB Model and measured calculated using HIROMB Model and measured byby research measuring buoy research measuring buoy
Record number
Elements of the analysis of surface currents field Elements of the analysis of surface currents field
Speed of surface current (kts..)
Deviation of current directionfrom wind direction
Wind speed (Vw)
MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS
Vp18 Vp18 ktskts..
KwKwAcc.IAMSAR Volume II
Drift models not correct for the wind speedless then 15(18) knots.
Kw
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Kw
Vw 0-18 w. Vw 23 w.
Vw 28 w. Vw 34 w.
Vw 40 w. Vw 50 w.
Results of surface currentResults of surface currentss field analysis in comparison with IMO regulations field analysis in comparison with IMO regulations
((wind currentwind current according toaccording to IAMSAR IAMSAR VolumeVolume II II (before (before 2002 2002 and after changes and after changes in in 2002 )2002 )
30o
MODEL OF SURFACE MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSCURRENTS
Wind speed range in red.
Search area classes according to wind speedSearch area classes according to wind speed
ClassClass I I
VVww≤≤ 18 18 ktskts..
ClassClass II II
18<18<VVww ≤≤ 30 30 ktskts..
Class IIIClass III
VVww>30 >30 ktskts..
TAXONOMY OF SERCH AREASTAXONOMY OF SERCH AREAS
Envelope of surface current speedEnvelope of surface current speed
VVprpr = = 0 0 ÷÷ 0,35 0,35 [[ktskts..]] for VVww ==1818VVprpr = (0,230446 + 0,0070957 = (0,230446 + 0,0070957 ·· VVww ) )22 ±± 0,17 0,17 [[ktskts..] ] for VVww > 18> 18
MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTS
Kts.
Kts.
Acc.
Divergence between wind and current directions as a function of wind speed Divergence between wind and current directions as a function of wind speed
MODEL OF SURFACE MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSCURRENTS
Left divergence from wind direction Right divergence from wind direction
Sector from 180o to 0o Sector from 0o to 180o
Windvelocity
(kts.)
For the object drifting with constant velocity relative to the water the following formula can be givenFor the object drifting with constant velocity relative to the water the following formula can be given
FFNN ++FFOO = = 00
Fo
FN
LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS
Identification of model parameters, active identification Identification of model parameters, active identification VVTrTr((VVww). Own research.). Own research.
Modelling of wind pressure force and water resistanceModelling of wind pressure force and water resistance
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VW
Wind pressure force curve for 10 personsWind pressure force curve for 10 persons life raftlife raft
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Vtr
Water resistance curve for 20 persons life raft loaded 100%Water resistance curve for 20 persons life raft loaded 100%
Institute of Aviation WarsawInstitute of Aviation Warsaw
Ship Design and Research Centre GdanskShip Design and Research Centre Gdansk
LEEWAY OF SEARCHLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSOBJECTS
Leeway modelLeeway model
Model of the wind velocity influence on life raft speedModel of the wind velocity influence on life raft speedfor life rafts without droguefor life rafts without drogue i is the following polynomial:s the following polynomial:
0w12
w23
w34
w4wtr aVaVaVaV)(VV ++++= a
0w12
w23
w34
w45
w56
w67
w78
w8wtr aVaVaVaVaVaVaVaV)(VV ++++++++= a
LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS
Model of the wind velocity influence on life raft speedModel of the wind velocity influence on life raft speedfor life rafts with droguefor life rafts with drogue i is the following polynomial:s the following polynomial:
Comparison of leeway modelsComparison of leeway modelsfor life rafts without droguefor life rafts without droguedue to IAMSAR Volume IIdue to IAMSAR Volume II(before 2002) recommendations(before 2002) recommendations
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Vtr20-2 Vtr20-20 Vtr10-1 Vtr10-10 Vtr6-1 Vtr6-6 IMO
Comparison of leeway modelsComparison of leeway modelsfor life rafts with droguefor life rafts with droguedue to IAMSAR Volume IIdue to IAMSAR Volume II(after 2002) recommendations(after 2002) recommendations
Third comparison
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leew
ay s
peed
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ts]
Tratw a 1
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Tratw a 4
IAMSAR
IAMSAR
777ooB – 8 B – 8 ooBB
77ooB – 8 B – 8 ooBB
LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS
Search area has been change due to:Search area has been change due to:
-- wind direction errorwind direction error, (, (WDE),WDE),
-- wind speed errorwind speed error, (, (WSE),WSE),
-- leeway error due to life raft loading by survivorsleeway error due to life raft loading by survivors, (, (BBtrtr)),,
-- change of surface currents field due to wind speed.change of surface currents field due to wind speed.
KwW
DE
WD
E
WDE = sin(10WDE = sin(10oo) ) ··VVtrtr·· t t
Influence of wind speed error id definedInfluence of wind speed error id definedby the following formulaby the following formula::
for life raft with droguefor life raft with drogue
WSE = 0,05 WSE = 0,05 ·· ∆∆VVww ·· t t
For life raft without drogueFor life raft without drogue
WSE = 0,08 WSE = 0,08 ··∆∆VVww ·· t t
∆∆VVww–– wind speed error (assumed as 2 knots). wind speed error (assumed as 2 knots).
Wind direction error Wind direction error ((±±1010ºº)) causescausesleeway direction errorleeway direction error WDEWDE
Kw
WSE WSE
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Vtr [knots]
Vtr20-2 Vtr20-20 Vtr10-1 Vtr10-10 Vtr6-1 Vtr6-6 IMO
Distress position
Commence search
Datum surface current field
Wind speed
Surface currents field parameters
Leeway
Wind direction
Time interval
Wind direction error
Current velocity
Wind speed error
Current direction
Surface current field
DP Leeway
Angledirections
Wind direction
Surface currentfield
DSCF
WDEWDEWSE+B WSE+B trtr
MethodologyMethodology
DOMAIN DETERMINATIONDOMAIN DETERMINATION -- REGRESION APPROACHREGRESION APPROACH
DPDPDSCF
Wind directionWind direction error
Wind direction errorWind speed error +B tr Wind speed error +B tr
Search area
Object leewayObject leeway
Closed seas (without influence of sea currents and tidal currents)Closed seas (without influence of sea currents and tidal currents)
THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKALEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS
MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION
Zbigniew BurciuZbigniew Burciu,,LeszekLeszek SmolarekSmolarek, , JarosJarosłławaw SoliwodaSoliwoda, , Andrzej SzklarskiAndrzej Szklarski,,
Teresa Teresa AbramowiczAbramowicz--GerigkGerigk, Sebastian , Sebastian UklejaUkleja
GdyniaGdynia Maritime University – Poland Maritime University – Poland
Technologies for Search, Assistance and RescueTechnologies for Search, Assistance and RescueLe QuartzLe Quartz Brest, FranceBrest, France
Presented by Presented by LeszekLeszek SmolarekSmolarek
STOCHASTIC MODELSTOCHASTIC MODEL
Semi-axisSemi-axis(l(l22)) of the ellipseof the ellipse is dependent is dependent on on Vpr , Vw , WDE, Kp-Kwand leeway angle
l1(t) = [Vpr + Btr] · t + WSE
l2(t) = [sin(Kp-Kw)Vpr] · t + WDE
Wind direction
l1
l2Semi-axisSemi-axis (l(l11) ) of the ellipseof the ellipse is dependent is dependent onon VVprpr , , VVww , WSE, WSEand leeway speed variation errorand leeway speed variation error ( (BBtrtr))dependent on number of persons in the life raftdependent on number of persons in the life raft
SEARCH AREA DETERMINISTIC MODELSEARCH AREA DETERMINISTIC MODEL
Modelling the search areaModelling the search area
Probability distribution of Probability distribution of ll11(t)(t) axis axis
For life raftFor life raft with droguewith drogue
≤++
++<≤++−−−+
++−<
=
=<
xtBtVtdla
tBtVtxtBtVtdlatBtVtxt
tBtVtxdla
xtlP
trpr
trprtrprtrpr
trpr
1,01
1,01,0)1,0(2,0
11,00
]),([ 1 ω
≤++
++<≤++−−−+
++−<
=
=<
xtBtVtdla
tBtVtxtBtVtdlatBtVtxt
tBtVtxdla
xtlP
trpr
trprtrprtrpr
trpr
16,01
16,016,0)16,0(2,0
116,00
]),([ 1 ω
DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– PROBABILISTIC APPROACH PROBABILISTIC APPROACH
For life raftFor life raft without droguewithout drogue
≤−+
−+<≤−+−−−+
−+−<
=
=<
xtKw)V(Kpt)V(dla
tKw)V(Kpt)V(xtKw)V(Kpt)V(dlat)V(
t)VK(Kt)V(xtKw)V(Kpt)V(xdla
x]ω(t P[l
prtro
oprtr
oprtr
o
tro
prwptro
prtro
sin10sin1
sin10sinsin10sin10sin2
sin10sinsin10sin0
),2
Probability distribution of Probability distribution of ll22(t)(t) axis axis
DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– PROBABILISTIC APPROACH PROBABILISTIC APPROACH
Model conditions
Surface area is given by formula S = π l1 l2 .Probability of big area increments tends to zero if the time interval tends to zero.We can use diffusion process to describe the search area changes.
,2
2
SPG
SPA
tP Ss
∂∂
+∂∂
−=∂∂
AASS –– average speed of area incrementsaverage speed of area increments ((∆∆S)S)GGSS –– square average change of area incrementssquare average change of area increments ((∆∆S)S) per time unitper time unitParametParameteer r GGSS describedescribess the random changes of surface area. the random changes of surface area.
DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– STOCHASTIC APPROACH STOCHASTIC APPROACH
Two - dimensional modelTwo - dimensional model
The Fokker –The Fokker – Planck equationPlanck equation
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 32121
212
322
222
212
312
121
212
3222
21311
1
2121
Pr),,(
PrPr),,(2
PrPr),,(2
PrPr),,(PrPr),,(),,(
llll
tllU
ll
tllUll
tllU
ll
tllUll
tllUt
tllU
∆∆∂∂
∂+
++∆∂
∂++∆
∂∂
+
++∆∂
∂−+∆
∂∂
−=∂
∂
λλ
λλ
∆∆ll11 , , ∆∆ll22 –– increments of increments of ll11 andand l l22 axesaxes, , accordinglyaccordingly,,PrPr00 –– probability of zero area increment, probability of zero area increment,PrPr11 –– probability of area increment in probability of area increment in ll11 axis directionaxis direction,, (wind direction) (wind direction)PrPr22 –– probability of area increment in probability of area increment in ll22 axis direction, axis direction, (perpendicular to wind(perpendicular to wind))PrPr33 –– probability of area increment in both axes directionsprobability of area increment in both axes directions
PrPr00 + Pr + Pr11 + Pr + Pr22 + Pr + Pr3 3 = 1= 1
DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– STOCHASTIC APPROACH STOCHASTIC APPROACH
Solution of Fokker – Planck equationSolution of Fokker – Planck equation
( ) ( )( )
( )
−+
+
−−
−
−−
−−
=
)()(
)()()()(2
)()(
)1(22exp
1)()(21),,(
2
222
21
2211
1
211
2221
21
tstml
tststmltmlr
tstml
rrtststllU
π
( )∫ ∆+=t
dxxlts0
211 )()( 31 PrPrλ
( )∫ ∆+=t
dxxltm0
11 )()( 31 PrPrλ
( )∫ ∆+=t
dxxlts0
222 )()( 32 PrPrλ
( )∫ ∆+=t
dxxltm0
22 )()( 32 PrPrλ
)()(
)()(
21
021
tsts
dxxlxlr
t
∫ ∆∆=
3Prλ
DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– STOCHASTIC APPROACH STOCHASTIC APPROACH
2
2
1κ
−−= ePOC
2211 , slsl ⋅=⋅= κκ
( ) ( )12
2
22
21
21 =
−+
−
lmy
lmx
DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– ALGORITMALGORITM
Centre and axes of the area
( )∫ ∆+=t
dxxltm0
11 )()( 31 PrPrλ
( )∫ ∆+=t
dxxltm0
22 )()( 32 PrPrλ
−
=POC11ln2κ
DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– ExampleExample
The solution of Fokker –Planck equationThe solution of Fokker –Planck equation
Problems with POC & POSProblems with POC & POS
In amendments to IAMSAR (11th June 2001) we can read:
„Do not use POS graphs (Figures N -11 and N - 12) for searches of leeway divergence datums.The variations in the relationship between divergence distance and the probable error of positioncreate a situation that is too complex to represent on a graph. For the same reason, notemplates for constructing probability maps for two leeway divergence datums are provided inAppendix M.”
During search action planning the main aim is to maximizethe probability of success POS
POS=POC x POD
According to US Coast Guard* the best idea to optimize searcharea is using the highest possible POS for the available effort.
No other practice will save more lives.
*Search Theory for Controllers. A text for students in the Maritime Search Planning Course,National Search and Rescue School. U.S. Coast Guard Training Centre, Yorktown, VA, Version
2.0 (JAWS Compliant) 30 April 2003.
Problems with POC & POSProblems with POC & POS
In IAMSAR and its amendments there is no guidance how to calculate POCIn IAMSAR and its amendments there is no guidance how to calculate POCfor Leeway Divergence for Leeway Divergence DatumsDatums. Therefore POS can. Therefore POS can not not be be estimateestimated.d.
In SERCH THEORY FOR CONTROLLERS In SERCH THEORY FOR CONTROLLERS we can find information thatwe can find information thatthe only way to calculate POC is using Monte Carlo simulation.the only way to calculate POC is using Monte Carlo simulation.
It should be questioned if this technique is the best way of estimating POC.It should be questioned if this technique is the best way of estimating POC.
We would like to present a new solutionWe would like to present a new solution::
Application of Fokker – Planck EquationApplication of Fokker – Planck Equation
Problems with POC & POSProblems with POC & POS
( )
Φ−
Φ⋅
Φ−
Φ=∈
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
sy
sy
sx
sxSNP oooo
( ) .2
exp21
0
2
∫
−=Φ
g
o dttgπ
Application of Fokker – Planck equation allows to determine search area for a givenApplication of Fokker – Planck equation allows to determine search area for a givenprobability and allows to determine the probabilities of object containment in anprobability and allows to determine the probabilities of object containment in an
arbitrary defined area.arbitrary defined area.
Area for theArea for thegivengiven
probabilityprobabilityOptional subOptional sub
area which wearea which wewould like towould like to
determine thedetermine theprobabilityprobability
S1
S2
S
Probability mapProbability map
Probability density function of search object positions in search areaProbability density function of search object positions in search area
Probabilistic model of search areaProbabilistic model of search area DDomainomain DDeterminationetermination
Probability of life raft containment in sub area (S) parallel to theProbability of life raft containment in sub area (S) parallel to the ellips ellipsee axes axesis given by the formulais given by the formula::
( )
Φ−
Φ⋅
Φ−
Φ=∈
2
4
2
3
1
2
1
1
σσσσddddSNP oooo
,cossin 22
211 δδσ ss +=
,cossin 22
212 γγσ ss += ,1 ODd = ,2 OCd =
,3 OFd = ,4 OEd =
S1
2S
S
K
L
N
M
C
D
E
F
GA
H'G'
HB
0
mm11
mm22DPDP
DSCFDSCF
Wind directionWind direction
ll11
ll22
Search area
Leeway of objectLeeway of object
Centre of the searcharea
DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– GRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATIONGRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATION
Zbigniew BurciuZbigniew BurciuLeszekLeszek SmolarekSmolarek, , JarosJarosłławaw SoliwodaSoliwoda, , Andrzej SzklarskiAndrzej Szklarski,,
Teresa Teresa AbramowiczAbramowicz--GerigkGerigk, Sebastian , Sebastian UklejaUkleja
GdyniaGdynia Maritime University – Poland Maritime University – Poland
Technologies for Search, Assistance and RescueTechnologies for Search, Assistance and RescueLeLe QuartzQuartz BrestBrest, France, France
Search and Rescue Computer Aided SysteSearch and Rescue Computer Aided Systemm
THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKALEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS
MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION
PresentedPresented by Jaros by Jarosłław aw SoliwodaSoliwoda
THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKA
Polish - SRR
ComputerComputer aiddedaidded SAR System. SAR System.
This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - PolandThis R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland ((2288/C.T12-9/982288/C.T12-9/98))
Zbigniew Zbigniew BurciuBurciu,,Leszek Leszek SmolarekSmolarek, Jaros, Jarosłław aw SoliwodaSoliwoda, Andrzej Szklarski,, Andrzej Szklarski,
Teresa Teresa AbramowiczAbramowicz--GerigkGerigk, Sebastian Ukleja, Sebastian Ukleja
Gdynia Gdynia MaritimeMaritime UniversityUniversity – – PolandPoland
TechnologiesTechnologies for for SearchSearch, , AssistanceAssistance andand RescueRescueLeLe QuartzQuartz BrestBrest, France, France
ConclusionsConclusions
THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKALEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS
MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION
PresentedPresented by Teresa by Teresa AbramowiczAbramowicz--GerigkGerigk
Sea investigations of life rafts and survivor model carried out in differentSea investigations of life rafts and survivor model carried out in differentweather conditions, from 3°B to 10°B -12°weather conditions, from 3°B to 10°B -12° BB
Determination of the influence of life raftDetermination of the influence of life raft’s’s crew load on drift error crew load on drift error
Determination of undisturbed leeway of objects (life rafts velocitiesDetermination of undisturbed leeway of objects (life rafts velocitiesrelative to the water) for relative to the water) for VVww in the range of 0-65 knots (<10° B) in the range of 0-65 knots (<10° B)
Measurements of real elements of surface currents field (determination Measurements of real elements of surface currents field (determination ofofsurface current speed and direction)surface current speed and direction)
VVerificationerification formulated on the basis of test formulated on the basis of testss results results
Verification of the search areas determination methodVerification of the search areas determination method
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
The model developed for search areas determination allows to increase the chanceThe model developed for search areas determination allows to increase the chancetoto find alive survivors in the water and in find alive survivors in the water and in the the life saving appliances,life saving appliances,
improveimprovess effectiveness of SAR action and reduce effectiveness of SAR action and reducess costs of SAR action costs of SAR actiondue to the following elements:due to the following elements:
-- more accurate and more precise determination of search domain withmore accurate and more precise determination of search domain with significantly smaller area (shorter time of SAR action), significantly smaller area (shorter time of SAR action),
-- real time updating of hydro meteorological parameters,real time updating of hydro meteorological parameters,
-- takingtaking into consideration into consideration search objects sizesearch objects sizess (for example 6, 10 or 20 (for example 6, 10 or 20 p personsersons life life rafts)rafts), , and effect of the life raft’s crew load,and effect of the life raft’s crew load,
-- consideration of surface currents field influence.consideration of surface currents field influence.
- determination of POC probability for an arbitrary chosen sub area of the- determination of POC probability for an arbitrary chosen sub area of the determined search domain, determined search domain,
DOMAIN DETERMINATIONDOMAIN DETERMINATION -- REGRESION APPROACHREGRESION APPROACH
DPDP
DSCF
Wind directionWind direction error
Wind direction errorWind speed error +B tr Wind speed error +B tr
Search area
Object leewayObject leeway
Open Open seas (withseas (with influence of sea currents and tidal currents)influence of sea currents and tidal currents)
Sea current
Sea current
Continuation of research worksContinuation of research worksRESEARCH ON THE LEEWAY OF SURVIVOR IN THE WATERRESEARCH ON THE LEEWAY OF SURVIVOR IN THE WATER
Continuation of research worksContinuation of research worksRESEARCH ON SMALL OBJECTS LEEWAYRESEARCH ON SMALL OBJECTS LEEWAY
Research carrResearch carriedied outout in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University Maritime University –– Poland Poland
Readjustment of rescue platform for picking up survivors to pick up fast rescue boats in heavy weather conditions
ThankThank youyou for attention for attention
All computing, publication and presentation works were carried out usingAll computing, publication and presentation works were carried out usinglicensed software owned by licensed software owned by GdyniaGdynia Maritime University. The software Maritime University. The softwarewas purchased within the R&D projects funded by Polish State Committeewas purchased within the R&D projects funded by Polish State Committeefor Scientific Researchfor Scientific Research
Microsoft Office 2000;Microsoft Office 2000;
Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0;Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0;
MathsoftMathsoft MathcadMathcad 2000; 2000;
StatgraphicsStatgraphics Plus 6.0; Plus 6.0;
AutodeskAutodesk AutocadAutocad 2000; 2000;
Microsoft Windows NT/2000/98,Microsoft Windows NT/2000/98,
DBE BorlandDBE Borland
RESEARCH WORKS ON SARRESEARCH WORKS ON SAR