The Saga of TOUSSAINT...
36
01. I The Saga of TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE 1-- ...... and The Birth of Haiti © FITZGERALD PUB. Co. Inc. 1966
Transcript of The Saga of TOUSSAINT...
01. I
The Saga of
TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE 1--......
and The Birth of Haiti
© FITZGERALD PUB. Co. Inc. 1966
" ••
National lIrh ··U.\I,o.n-~ ,an League Inc
'Ot ~ I .'..tr. " "- 11)0 '.
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NAflONAl ASIOe.AnoN fO • ntl AD .... ANCEMfNT Of COtOiID HOm
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MI"', B. A. 'lhr'l"l.ld, td ~}·f5'".ild 1ub hh1n~ c:,::..";nt HOllh l}~t:.~o;:rk 0 .. ,. Mr. 'It.llereld:
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In .,. J1Id,..tIt W, • .:, • C' n I ..... ~ !:l': .. ~~OPO"d Publ1 cUl on. "nold, ,, .1t1l, in .t.ph t,,... t b" PIIl"'po .. In •• Unt . ec .. _ "'I"""dlnjt ti',. part. ph. :ct'b I"Gl.d P"pul'Lion tntO""IU on In tb~ tahter7 Vld III"dul"'l. !l:h'!o::rit AtI'I CUl d" cent
"nih h an .... nth} obJ I or .. prop'r P'r,p' oth, on tb . 0\ •• In l"'. Htd n ... n t lonl!': I""oot'd or hla&n d'.'lo~:flr. I.e. or M'l"" .. 11: th e
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GOLDEN LEGACY
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • PUBLISHER AND EDITOR, BERTRAM A FITZGERALD JR.
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The subject 01 our magaline, GOLDEN LEGACY, is b lock nistory and i.
wrilten so young people can understand easily and de_elop interest lor
further study of block history.
GOLDEN LEGACY is not 0 comic mogaline , but it is a ne'" approach to
the study of h istory . The intention of our publicat ion is to implant pride
ond self·esteem in block youth ..,h i le dispelling myths in others . W. b ••
lie_. th is can b. occompl ished through our visua l presentation of world.
wide achievements in on effortless and en joyable monner with Q mogo2. ine
wh ich can be widely distributed .
This issue contains endorsements Irom representatives of the N. Y. C .
Boord 01 Education, the N.A.A.C.P ., The Notional Urban League, The
Associat ion lor The St'Jdy of Negro lile and History, and Or . Benjamin
Quorles,eminent historian and professor of history at Margon Stote College.
w. hope that you will reod , enjoy and ben.fit Irom our endeavor.
Thank you,
Publish.r
(RIden Lelooy n" ,.xln, 10 publloh.d by ~ .. FIIJ<, ... ld 'ubll"~n. """ ..... s:n Modi"", Avo., NYC. N.Y. l00U PhON Iv •• Code 112·m-OJa Copyrllht 1966 Fib,.r.ld PublJ.hln. Co .• loe. Issued Qu. rtor!r. • -REPRODUCTION IS STRlrTIV ~ROH IB ITEO W ITHOUT W RITTrN m MlSS101't
Book I
~N THE EARL,\, 1100'S, THE ISL"NI> OF SAlol DOMI~O, WAS. ONE OF ISl-ANDS IN THE CARI6BE/'.N AND WAS CONSIOERE.D A C.J.\OICE t"U':>:::'.C::>.;)lUrc
TO ALl- THE C.OLONIST NATIONS: EtliGLAN~ FRANCE, AND .:>t",I'1'''' ALTHOUGH THE ISLAND CHl,N6E.D HANDS SEVE.RAL TIMES THE
S FROM AFRICA REMAINED
CARIBBEAN SEA.
8T WAS CONSIDERED MORE PROFITABLE TO WORK THE SLAVES TO DEATH "mAN 10 BREED'nIEM ON THE ISL"'NO,
HENCE,A CONSTANT flOW OF NEW SLAVES fRDM AfRICA
COUIIT THE ELDER TOUS-SAINT A SLAVE' WHOSE ounf.'l WERE MUCH llG.HTE.R nI~N l1\OSE OF
THE. fiELD SLA"ES .. _~~.....I
I H~V£ 8EEN BLE5SED WITH A SON, PIERRE ~PTlSTE
... AND SO THE TWO MEN UNDE~TOOK IHE TASK OF GIVII-lG THE 'IOUNG TOUSSAINT AN EDUCATION AFTER THt::IR DAY'S CHORES
WE'.RE DONE . . .
'ii'HERE WERE OTHER LESSONS TOU:>SAINT LEARN T»OUE>H ... AS fiE GREW tsl:.(:"P,"'It. APPARENT THAT HE. DIDN'T
STRENbm
",,",PA, WON'T rEVER GROW f>S STRONb AS
'(OU ARE 7
~IS FATHER TAU&HI HIM THE USE OF HERBS - AffiICA.N MEDICINE - WHICl-I tIAD SEEN PASStD ON TO HI'" B'I HIS FATHER
WE'RE NOT ALL BUILT THE SAME, BUT THROUGH II1>.RD WORI<. WE
CAN OVER.COME MOST THINGS . .• -LIKE YOU,BORN SMIIll,CI>.N
BUILD YOURSElf UP -YOU,BORN II SL/>,VE,CAN SOMEDAY BE FREE
USE. THIS oProRTU~ITV TO ATTAIN MORE KNOWLED6E. fROM nv; 800~
IN ffiE ,w..IN flDUSE ... THIS 15 BUT ANOTIlER STEP FOR YOU, MY PRINCE
fLL RE.MEMBER FATHER
. .. AN!) ALWAYS TH€
•
By 1790 TOllSSAINT WN; KNOWN Alit> RESPECTED BY BLACK AI'IP WHIOE THROO&Hoor-rnEcooNTR'(SIPE KE HAD STARTEP TO GoREY AT THE Tf'MPL.ES ANt:> tlAD SETTLED I>OWN TO "QUIET FAMILY LIFE .•• WilEN THE GREAT SLAVE R8IOLT
WAS LAUNCHED
Nor TO lIE OVERLOolI£O IS THE FACT THAT THOUSANDS OF MilE:> AWAY IN TIleMOTH'R CDOt-lTRY FRANCE, n\E REVOLUTION WAS IN FULL SWlN6 "'Nt> WORt>S
LIKE LIBERTY! FREEOOM! AND JUoST/eEl WER.E HEP-RD EVERY DAY IN CONVERSATION . ;~E SL~"ES, TOO, HEARD THESE CON '1ER S ..... TIOt<S ..... N D
1------. TII£ WOROS: LIBERTY! FREEPOM! ANP JUST/CE! r--:.rA
TOUSSAINT'S MASTER W/O,S CALLED TO mE CAPITAl-iSLE Cl'.Pf AS WERE ALL WHITe:.s,TO
P(;CI E ON '" COURSE OF A CTION ..•
TOUSSAINT, MON AMI I LEAVE MY FAMILY ~o MY LAND IN 'jOUR HAND'S.
IF ANYTHING HAPPENS TO ME AIiD I DON'T RETURN, LOOK AFTER 1l-IEM
r----"\ fOR. ME TOUSSAINT
, AND SO IT WAS - NOTHING TO FEAR - SO RESPECTE.D WNS TOUSSAINT TH"T, "LTHOUbH SUAAOUNDINb PLA-NTA nONS
WERE SACKED, TOUSSAINT'S L"ND WAS NEVER TOUCHED .~,-=-
I MUST TELL TilE MI!.TReSS TO PREPAR£ TO LeAVE. " I'LL SE6 II~R SAfEL'( TO IE CA P
~ND T1\EN ", TO THE HiLLS I
. ~
I
WE KNEW YoU'P JOII'I US soor.teR OR
11JUSSI'IINT. 1 APPOINT YOU ~YSICIAN TO THE AP.M"'!
HIS l>Uile5 TOOK HIM TO SEyelW. Of TIlE P.E8E't_ CAM~ "N~ TilE ~1"'IiTS
UI'5ET HIM .. filS READINb ON ROMAN WARFARE
HAD LEFT HIM WliH l>EFINITe IDEIIS 01'1 WIIAT
IilN ARM'" SHO()Li> BE ..
NO ONE. KNOWS MORE ABOUT HeRBS AND MEDICATION -mAN
YOU .. Wf: ARE: IN DES?ERA16 NEED OF A Pt\VSICI<\N
I MlbHT AS W';3;LL SEE-IN MY DUTIE5 IMMEDlilTE.LY..AS YOU SAID.
mS:RE 15 GREAT NEED
,. ,
'ij'MR()()6H IUS KHOWlEC>f>E Of' .... 1L.ln •• v LifE -'NO T"(.TIC5, ToussAINi SlOTS OUT TO FOR(;E ,t.N "'RMY, , WITH ONLY" HUNDRED C"'REFUlLY CHOSEN
THlY'lU, fiNALLY "["NNIN" TO LOOK
LIKE "'N "'RMY
AIIOOT 1lI~ TIME THE SP"'NISI\~ TItVIM6 TO WRE3f THE ISLM41> 1"1<:0111\
nv..t-ICE, KIT UPON llIE PlAN OF c:.£TTINer. TKE REBEL SLAVE" fORGES ON
llIEIR Sll)E e>'( OFFER-IN" TO TAKI: T~EM INlO THE SPANISH A~Y
mlTN bOO CIUa. T~ "T illS COMIMNt>, T?,~~!~ITI a~1l6~INS WITII THe S~ISI{ AS AN INI>ED.
lEAt>ER
ON &EHALF OF TilE KING OF SPAIN, I
WELCOME YOu TO OUR RANKS
fiI£SSAWIES . .. Et-SLAVE, TRUSTED ANI> DEVOTED LIEUTENANT .. DESTINED TO FULFILL TOVSSA/NTS DREAM.
fOR THE PRESENT SPANISH DEVIL';; CAN
HELP TO US, PE:SS~,U~IES
~AN DOMINGO AT THIS TlMf, 179'1-, WAS A VIRTLI'L SATrLEGROUNP. WITH THE FRENC.H, 8RITISH, SPANISH, MULATTOES, BLI'.CKS ANI> All COMSINATIONS ENGAGE!) IN A !'OWER
STRUGGlE ... aUT TIIROU&H IT ",LL TOUSSAINT ~IN1i IN fOV-iER AND SCOPE OF llifLUENCE AS VICTORY AFTER VICTOR:( IS IUS . . . FOR l'OUSSAINTAlONE,OF ALL THE" BLACK Q.ENERALS,
HAl> AN ARMV TRAINEt> TO I>EFEAT EU~OPE"'N ARMU,S
SO REVERED BV THE t.LACKS WAS TOUSSAINT TIIAT ~IS MERE APPEARANCI:! WAS ENOUGH
TO QUELL AN INSURRECTION
"ll'.S GENERAL, THEY W"NT TO MAKE us SLAVES ... G ... IN, ..
THEY PERSECUTE US .•.
,
SURRENDER OR ANNIHILATION .. YOUR ONLY CHOICES
OESSALlNE5L ' KNOW YOU WONDER WHV r TAK~ THESE EUROPEAN
OFFICERS INTO OUR CIRCLE THEY ARE TRAINED SOLDIERS
AND OUR TROOPS CAN LEARN MUCH FROM THEM .
1?OUSSI\INT CONTINUED TO BUilt> HI9 ARMY UN Ek HE SPANISH . WHEN THE NfWLY fUIl.MEl EVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OF FAAt.lCI! A&Ot!S¥ J' ... 5~AV£RYTHROUGHOUT_ Pf;A]('!'.' Of INFLUENCE, rOUSSAlNI, EAt;£".R TO P.EJOlN A """",1Vi AlENT THAT NOW '" O~
Et;fIIIUfY, LIBEfrrY, JUSt/ce .. , ACT!!£) QUICKLY
MOISE, CHRISTOPHE, DE5SALINES THE liME IS RIGHT TO MAKE OUR MOVE ..
THey GU.t.RANTEE US FREEDOM
(,\ ClOSE PERSONAL FRIENDSHIP DEVELOPED 8ETWEEN THE GOVERNOR AND TOUSSAINT, WHO NOW COMMANDED THE' MIGHTIEST ARMY IN SAN DOMINGO WHEN LAVEAUX IS TAKfN ~RISONER bURIN& A MULATTo REVOLT
TOUSSAINT SPRINGoS INTO ACTION ..
DfSSAUNES . SUMMON TWO DIVISIOIltS WE MUST MARCH ON LE. CAP TO RESCUE
LAVEAUX -WE MUST PROTECT THOS/!. WHO PROTECT OUR L;I&:::::.R:.::r.:.'( __ ./":-~ __
-----~-~
.GOV£RINOO t.AVEf,UX RECEI'IE.S
I'VE ADMIRED YOUR E~PLOl1S FOR A LONG TIME G£NtRl.L TOUSSAINT
lilY STAY IN TAAT CELLWI\S NOT .&.LL 81\1> .•• IT GI\VE ME TIME TO THINK. I MUST
IIAVE A LONG TI\LK WITH ,(OU, MON .&.MI
MAKES AN OFFEI\ •••
THIS MUL.&.TTO REVOLT WAS JUST A POWER PL.&.Y - TO (',ET CONCESSIONS1 Bur I KNOW AS WELL AS THEY DO
THAT 'IOU AND YOUR 8LI\CK .&.RMY HOLD THE KE'I HERE IN S"N DOMINGO
BUT OF COURSE YOU , TRUST(;;D FRIEND OF THE BLA.CKS , PON'T
HOLD TO THIS VIEW
E){,(CTLY, TOUSSNtH. AND [ BELIEVE THE. liME IS RIGHT TO MAKE THIS M.fNE I'VE THOUGHT A80UT FOR SOME TIlliE •.. AS GOVERNOR OF SAN DOMIN&O
MID P.EPRESENTATIVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF FRANCE, r OFFER YOU THE POSTS OF AsSISTANT GOVERNOR AND COMMIWPER. ·IN- CHicI' OF TIle
1"------"' ARMIES OF SAN OOMINGO.
, . WHERE IS THE LE~DER7 -TOUSSAINT MOVES CLOSER TO "IS DESTlNY-
JUST (, VEARS AftER JOININ(; THE SLAVE REVOLT TOUSSAINT IS OFFERED THE <<,(,,'11>1 HIGHEST POSITION IN THE COUNTRY
IT IS A LDGICAL SITUATION - yOU ARE THE POWER HERE -THIS WAY THEY MIJST ACKNOW
LEDGE THAT .. SAY YOU'LL ACCEPT,MON AMI .•.
•
Wow IN A POSITION TO DIRECT TflE COURSE OF TkE ISLAND ... TOUSSA/NT, BELIEVING IN THE PRINCIPLES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, SET A80UT TO BRING. SAN OOMI~ GO
EVEN CLOSER TO FRANCE BY E)(PELUNG FIRST THE SPANISH AND TIlEN HIE SRITISH, FROM THE ISLA-ND; fOR HE P-[CO&NllED THEIR ULTIMATE GOA L OF RESTORING
SLAVERY!
~~~~~~rt3~~::f~(~r~ THE SPA.NISH AFTER VICTORY STRATEG'I
1[OUSSAJNT'5 TRIUMMNT ENTRV INTO PORT-AU-PRINCE WAS COMPARA.E'>lE THE REct.PTlONS GIVE"! TO THE. CONQUERING ROMAN ARMIES THAi lit:'
RE",D ABOUT.
EUROPE1 ~NOTHER GENER.A.L ROLLS UP VlvTORIES .... Nl\pOLEON !
lHE LATESl REPORT FROM SAN
NOT NOW! I H.A.VE CONTINENTS TO CONQUER fiRST (
~NTlIOt;U GOES SO FAA liS TO ~UG&EST ANNItllLIITIOI.I 01' ALL TIlE' \'MITES IN S.A.W
DOMINGO
BUT TH"T IS UNWISE --WE STILL NEEP THEM,AT LEAST
UNTIL WE H"VE' EN()()~ 8l.A.CK5 TRA.INE.\) TO TAKE OVER.
IF ~OU HAVE 1\ HORSE HE CAN HELP YOU PLOW ~()()R FIELDS,
YOU CAN RIDE HIM .. IF YOU KILL HIM, WHAT GOO\) 15 HE ?
NO MORE 8WOO NlUST FLOW ON THIS 1Si.A.IIO .. . EXCEPT IN DEFENSE OF OUR FREEDOM - 1 MUST SEE TO mAT ...
.1 MUST RUN TIllS &ANO- SONTHONAX MUST GOI
WHY DOES TOUSSA.INT HESITATE l' THEY SEN~ A.N A.RMY .. . CAN THAT MEAN ANVTHINCl. OTHER TlIAW
WAR?
I OON'T TRUST THEIR PEAtE OFFER " . IT MUST BE A. TR~IC~I<~!~ •• !I
MG()IATE? NOW T1i-'T WE HAVE THEM WHERE
WE WM,T THEM?
TH"l'S IT DESSALlNE"S l111G IS WHERE WE WAt~T
TIICM .. ...-_-"
NAPOlEON. fE~tlN' HIS MEN WOOlP N ~~~~~~T, IF HE WERE TO TC
gil. ItIONTHS LATYl:./ UI) 'Y HS$AI./NU, TlfE lilAC/( ARMY OF _ PO~IN(;() -PE-FEATEl> TilE FRENCH IWP ESTAllUSNEP TNE NUENJ>B/T NAT/ON OF HAITI
ESTEBAN (Discoverer of Ari 1Ono)
In 1527, six hundred men left Spain, sponsored by King Charles. in
search of gold in the Americas. Among them was the adventurous Morrocan
Negro, named Esteban. Led by Cabezo de Voca, they stopped for provision
at San Domingo, where some of the men deserted. then on to Cuba
part of the expedition was destroyed by hunicoin •.
Finally reaching Florida. their number was cut in half by fever
hostile indians. The remainder continued up the Florida coast where
but four of Ihis luckless group ... ere wiped out lIY a storm. Esteban, Corbelal
de Vaca, and Iwa other Spaniards made their way ashore and continued Ihei
IreSvels for "ighl years, braving all types of hardships. until Ihey arrived'
Mexico Cily.
In 1539. wilh Friar Marcos d. Nilo, and again sponsored by
Spani sh Kingdom. Esteban sel oul once more in search of a fortun •.
Ira ... lled North over d .... rts and scorched plains uniil. exhausted and
heartened, the group decided not to go on. ESlebon, wanling 10 ~,,,"il'u,,
led 0 small party over th. bI ning hot desert londs until he came upon
maSI unusual sight. an adabe village of Pueblo indions .
Before advancing further, Estebon sent a mess,,"ger 10 r.parl h
findings to the main party. This area is known today as the stat. of Ari
Unfartunalely. before the main party could reach Estebon, they
mel by a few of his survivors. The Pueblo indians had attacked ond
sacred Esteban and most of his group. Friar Marcos de Nilaand the remral 4
d., of the e""edltion returned to Mexico City with the news of Estebon
g,eat dl sea very .
(Pio""r III Blood R ... arch)
Dr. Drew'. ICIOp to warld-wlele fome durin, 19«1 was bo •• d prima. rllyon hi. p.,sonal mastery of tho bload plasmll theory, which ho ominently holped to pe,fect 01 McGill University, Canada, in the 101. thirli ...
Dr. Charlas Draw WAI& born in Wa.hin,lon, D. C. Ho received hi. degr •• 01 Amhersl Colle,o, in Massachusetts . Whi Ie there he wos an au,. sianding athl.'e, being cllploin of the track I.om. He waa II leacher and ath. lollea callch 01 Mo,gen Colla,. in Baltimoro before gaing 10 McGill Uniyor· slty In Canada 10 fini.h hi. medical training. Whil. th.re he masler.d tho Itloed ,llIama Iheory. H. HI up the firsl bank in Englend end wos call.d upan by the United Stili .. Goy.rn .... nl 10 I.ke charge of blood con .. "atioll. As a result of his work milliOlls of Jjy .. wero .Dnd thraughout the world.
In 1942 Dr. D,ew was awarded Ihe Spingarn M.dal in rec.ognilion of hi. conlrlbulions 10 N.gro progro ... In 1950 Dr. Drew WDS killed in an oulomobil. accldont while 4tiYinl to II conf.rMc. al Tu.h •••. AI tho tim. of hi' unlim.ly d ..... h. was 0 m.mb., of tho ColI.,e of Sur, .. ns, chi.f sur,0011 and chi.f of SIGH 01 F, •• dmon'. Haspilol, Washington, D. C.
Current Biollraphy, 1950 Nellro Yearbook, 1940
REFERENCES
"Who's Who in Colored Alllerica" 1950, pp. 163-164 "Great Nellroes Past and Present." By Russell L. AdalliS. Chlcallo, 1964. Pase 61.
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TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE HARRIET TUBMAN CRISPUS A TTUCKS BENJAMIN BANNEKER ~A TTHEW HENSON
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OTHER STORIES TO FOLLOW
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DR. QUARLES SAYS ..
The illustrated magazine, Golden Legacy, certainly lives up to its name, teliing us things of the storied past that are well worth knowing . Each volume catches the spirit of the times and the personality of the participants. As one
turns the pages the past seems to come alive, particularly those aspeds of it which up to now have generally escaped our attention .
In publishing this series the Fitzgerald Publishing Company is helping to develop a richer understanding and appreciation of the American heritage, and it is helping to promote better relations between individuals and groups. The Fitzgerald Publi shing Company is to be highly commended for this contribution to our popular culture, for this evidence of a concern for the common good.
/) .if! .,--'I..?-/'~;>~.~ Benjamin Quarles
Benjamin Quarles is Professor of History at Morgan State College, Author of many books on Negro History, listed in Who ' s Who in America ond Contem, orary Author's, has held numerous Fellowships and Scholarships, and is a Boord Memhr - )f several Historical Societies .
I read Golden Legacy at a neighbor's house an CJ w&os \'ery impr(>sscd by it. 1 found it very enlighling to me as an adult, and I know th e magazines will be e ducational and enlightening to my younger sisters and brothers as well .
Brenda Landers, Chapel Oaks, Md.
J am a teacher in the Chicago Public School System, a mother of a 10 year old and a J unio r Girl Scout Leader. Every now and then I come across a Golden Legacy Magazine and use it, until it's worn ou t, in both my classroom and S(."()ut meetings, afte r my da ughter is fin ished with it.
Mrs . E. P. Luckell, Chicago, I//inois
As a children's libr.arian for the Los Angeles Public Library. 1 was delighted to find a magazine which presents Negro history in such an enjoyable and inexpensive manner. It would be ideal (or circulation in OUI' 61 branches.
Frances J. Corter, Senior Librarian Southern Region Of/ice Ascot Branch Library City 01 Los Angeles, Cali/arnia
T have just read a copy of your Golden Legaey Magazine and am very exci ted and impressed . You tire doing a great service and a ve ry essential and bene ricial service for the Negro people today, and T wou ld like to spread the good news to as ma ny as possible.
Esterlyn P. Lewis, Reading Teacher Oakland, Ca/ilornia
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David B. Singleton, District Director Count 4 01 Los Angeles Dept. 01 Public Social Services, Pasadena, California
Jt was a great inspiration to our applicants and the first supply of Golden Legacy ran out vcry quickly. Not only was it interesting reading Cor them but quite informative and enlightning at the same timc.
Martin Margolis, Community Relations Youth Opportunity Center, New York
We recen tly discovered your Golden Legacy publications. We feel that it would be a valuable addition to the education of the Negro and White children in our schooL
Sharon Formisano, Teacher City School District, City 01 Newburgh, N . Y.
I have looked through a copy of Golden Legac~' and I rommend you for the splendid way you have I)aid tribute 10 a great American . Frederick Douglas.
John Wilson, Asso. Dir. Alro-American Studies The University 01 Akron, Akron, Ohio
AS a tutor, 1 find this particular approach to Black history. rcadin~ and comprehension among Black children unsurpassed at present.
Rennee i . Whatley, Social Worker Children's Service, Inc ., Philadelphia , Po .
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G. A. Calegari, Son Francisco, Calil .
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Jock Consenstein , ACSW, Executive Director Queens Child Guidance Center, Jamaica , N .Y .
