The Russian Revolution Russia-Review Mongol Rule Russia Under the Czars Byzantine Influence Boyars.
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Transcript of The Russian Revolution Russia-Review Mongol Rule Russia Under the Czars Byzantine Influence Boyars.
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The Russian Revolution
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Russia-Review
Mongol
Rule
Russia Under the Czars
Byzantine Influence
Boyars
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•Autocratic-ruled with unlimited power
•Resistant to Change
•Oppressive rule
The Romanovs
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Alexander II
1856-1881• Moves Russia toward modernization and social change
• Freed serfs
• Redistributed land
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•Halted all reforms Halted all reforms made by his fathermade by his father
•Discouraged Discouraged challenges to his rule challenges to his rule by:by:
•CensorshipCensorship
•Secret PoliceSecret Police
•Political Prisoners-Political Prisoners-sent to Siberia sent to Siberia
•Pogroms-JewsPogroms-Jews
Alexander III
1881-1894
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Russian Pogroms
• 1871-1906
• Widespread anti-Semitism spread from Europe
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The anti-Semitic violence of the Russian pogroms drove millions of Jews out of the Russian Empire. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, people emigrated to escape army conscription and ethnic tensions, such as the forced assimilation of Hungary's minority groups.
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Nicholas II & Alexandra
1894-1917•Economic Economic GrowthGrowth
•Industrialization Industrialization
•Trans-Siberian Trans-Siberian RailwayRailway
•Growth of Growth of revolutionary revolutionary movements: movements: Why?Why?
•Russo-Japanese Russo-Japanese War (1905)War (1905)
•1914 Russia 1914 Russia enters WWIenters WWI
(“Nicholas & War )(“Russo-Japanese War” 1:2323)
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Review: Russo-Japanese War
• Cause-Imperialism• In the late 1800s Russia and Japan
were competing for territorial control of Manchuria and Korea
• Both nations signed agreements over the territories but Russia violated the treaties and Japan attacked (1904).
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Review: Russia and WWI
• 1914-Czar Nicholas engages Russia into WWI• Unprepared to handle the military and
economic costs • Weak troops and generals-lacked modern
technology• First year-4 million soldiers died• Revolts on the home front forced the Czar to
step down ending 300 years of Czarist rule in Russia
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Rasputin•While Nicholas was dealing with WWI, Rasputin became an influential force in Russian policy making.
•Self-proclaimed “holy man”
•Mysterious healing powers-Seemed to be the only person who could heal the heir to the throne (hemophilia)
•To show gratitude Czarina allowed him to make key political decisions
•Murder 1916 by a group of nobles who feared his increasing role in government affairs
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The Rise of the Bolsheviks
Warm-Up:(1)Briefly describe the demise
of the Romanovs.(2)Who was the leader of the
Bolsheviks?
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Today’s Special:
Russian Revolution!
Ingredients:
Czarist Rule
Russo-Japanese War
World War I
Urban Workers
Peasant Unrest
Ideas of Marx
Leadership of Lenin
Bloody Sunday
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Bloody SundayJanuary 22, 1905
•St. Petersburg-Czar’s Winter Palace•200,000 workers gathered asking for better working conditions •Czar’s generals fired on the unarmed crowd•More than 1,000 were wounded and several hundred killed
Bloody Sunday 1:12
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Impact of Bloody Sunday
•Why were Russians outraged?
•Led to creation of the Duma-Russia’s first Parliament
•Duma’s intent-Move Russia towards Constitutional Monarchy such as Britain.
•Czar dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks. Why?
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(“1905 Factory Strike” 1:02)
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The March Revolution
•March, 1917•200,000 workers called for the Czar to step down•Soldiers sided with the protesters-created general uprising•Czar Nicholas steps down•A year later revolutionaries murder Czar and family-end of 300 year czarist rule•Duma creates provisional government
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Lenin•Marxism-ideology that followed ideas of Karl Marx. Main idea; working class (proletariat) would overthrow the Czar and the working class would rule.
•Exiled to Germany-Studies Marxism
•Returns to Russia-1917 after Czar steps down
•Leader of Bolsheviks-Bolsheviks a radical revolutionary group who were willing to sacrifice everything for change
•Motto: “Peace, Land, & Bread”
Lenin & the Bolsheviks 2:26
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Bolshevik RevolutionA.K.A. The November
Revolution •November 1917-armed factory workers overthrew provisional government
•Within days, Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power
•Lenin redistributed all farmland to the peasants
•The Bolshevik Government signed a treaty with Germany (Brest-Litovsk) and Russia withdrew from WWI
•Bolsheviks murdered the Royal family
Lenin Takes Control 5:01
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Changes…•Lenin restores Russian economy (NEP: New Economic Policy-peasants could sell surplus crops, some private ownership, and encouraged foreign investment)
•Rename Bolsheviks the Communist Party
•Rename Russia-USSR (Soviet Union)
•Lenin has stroke (1922)
•Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin
•Stalin wins and rules as dictator
Lenin’s Rebuilding of Russia 2:36
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Title: Stalin
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Totalitarianism• A government that takes total, centralized, state
control over every aspect of public and private life. • Key traits of a totalitarianism:
– Ideology– Dynamic Leader– Dictatorship and One-Party Rule– State Control of Society– Modern Technology– Methods of Enforcement– State Control of Individuals
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Rise to Power:
•Between 1922 and1927 worked his way to head of govt. Used ruthless tactics.
•Gets rid of rival – Trotsky
•Eliminates all other enemies
•Builds a totalitarian state
•Women gain equal rights
JOSEPH STALIN
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•5 Year Plans- plans to increase HEAVY industry- quotes too high – leads to shortages! •Collective Farms: Cause resistance among Kulaks (wealthy farmers) but SOME increase in agriculture •Great Purge: 1934- eliminates anyone who threatens his power- uses terror. •Forced Famine in Ukraine- crush resistance to collectivization- 7-10 million die!
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Stalin’s Legacy:• By the mid-1930s, Stalin transformed the
Soviet Union into a political and industrial giant.
• Command Economy-government made all economic decisions
• He stood unopposed as dictator of his totalitarian state
• Total social control was achieved by terror
• Goes down in history as one of the world’s worst tyrants (kills millions of Russians whom he sees as a threat)
• Many believe that Stalin was paranoid-schizophrenic
Stalin 21:28