Russian Revolution Russian Revolution Autocracy to Totalitarianism.
The Russian Revolution
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Transcript of The Russian Revolution
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The Russian Revolution
World History / HonorsLibertyville High School
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Problems facing Czarist Russia• Industrialization
brought problems– Working conditions– Low wages
• Czar outlawed unions– When workers went
on strike, police arrested them!
• Marxist parties emerged
Russian workers in a factory, c. 1890
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Problems facing Czarist Russia• Russian Marxists split
– Mensheviks (“minority”)• the majority of Russian Marxists • Believed in gradual change,
broad base of popular support
- Bolsheviks (“majority”)• The minority of Russian Marxists• Believed in immediate change to
Russian gov’t, led by professional revolutionaries
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Problems: Radicalism• Bolsheviks led by
Vladimir Lenin• Ruthless, brilliant
speaker and organizer
• Fled Russia to avoid imprisonment in early 1900s, to West Europe (Switzerland)
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Problems Russo-Japanese War• Russo-Japanese War,
1904-05– Russia, Japan competitors
for colonies in Asia– Russia LOST!!
- Caused unrest, revolt throughout Russia
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Problems: Internal Dissent• “Bloody Sunday”: 1/22/05– 200k workers & their families
bring petition to Czar in St. Petersburg, asking for better work conditions
– Troops fire on crowd, killing several hundred
– Strikes, violence throughout nation
– Reform: Creation of Duma (Parliament), but Czar dissolved it after 10 weeks
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Problems: WW 1• World War I– Czar Nicholas decided to
attack Austro-Hungary to protect Serbia
– Russia incapable of fighting long war• By mid 1915, over 4
million Russian soldiers dead / wounded
Russians surrender at Tanenberg, 1914
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Problems: WW 1• 1915 – Czar took
personal control over military to increase morale– army continued to lose,
die, etc• Blame fell on Czar, not
his generalsCzar Nicholas II in Marshal uniform
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March (Not Feb!) 1917 Revolution• March 1917 Revolution
– Strikes broke out – soldiers joined the strikers
– Czar forced to abdicate (give up) throne
– Government established by Duma – “Provisional government”
– Led by Alexander Kerensky, a Menshevik appointed war minister
• Kerensky decided to stay in WWI – cost him support of soldiers, civilians
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1917 Russia, Post March Revolution
• War continued to go badly for Russia– Peasants demanded
land– Workers struck– Soldiers mutinied
• Soviets formed – committees of peasants, workers, soldiers
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The October Revolution (Bolsheviks)
• April, 1917 – Lenin returned to Russia by GERMANS
• Transported across Germany in a sealed boxcar (don’t infect us!)
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October Revolution
• Lenin rallied Bolsheviks– Motto – “Peace, Land &
Bread”– Other important
Bolsheviks• Leon Trotsky• Josef Stalin
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Bolshevik Revolution
• Bolshevik Revolution, October 1917 (November in book – using Western Calendar)– Armed soviets attack
Provisional Government forces across Russia
– Arrest leaders of Prov. Gov’t, including Kerensky
Storming of the Winter Palace
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October Revolution• Lenin assumed power
– Ordered all land given to peasants– Ordered all factories given to
workers– Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with
Germans and pulled out of WW I• Gave away Finland, large areas of
Poland, Estonia, Latvia to Germany• Russians angered by this
• Ordered death of Royal family (L-R: Olga, Marie, Tsar Nicholas II, Alexandra, Anastasia, Alexei, Tatiana)
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Russian Civil War, 1919-1921• Communists (“Red Army”)
versus everyone opposed to their rule (“White Army”)
• Who were the White Army?– Royalists (supporters of czar)– Communists opposed to
Lenin’s leadership– Supporters of democratic form
of government– Nationalists of Ukraine, other
areas of Russia seeking independence
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Russian Civil War, 1919-1922• Foreign involvement – After WWI ended, allies
sent troops, supplies to Whites to try to overthrow Russian Bolshevik government
- USA sent troops, weapons to East of Russia, seized major port Vladivostok- British, French troops fought against Bolsheviks in South of Russia
US troops in Vladivostok
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Russian Civil War, 1919-1922
Sites of foreign involvement in Russia, 1919
Canadians in Siberia, 1919
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Russian Civil War, 1919-1922
• Reds crushed White Army factions; foreigners retreated– 14 million Russians
died in Civil War– BUT Bolsheviks
showed they could hold onto power