Romantic Period and Poetry Characteristics of British Romantic Poetry.
The Romantic Vision Source: Cannistraro and Merriman.
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Transcript of The Romantic Vision Source: Cannistraro and Merriman.
The Romantic VisionThe Romantic Vision
Source: Cannistraro and MerrimanSource: Cannistraro and Merriman
Neo-classicismNeo-classicism
Revival of art: ancient Revival of art: ancient Greece/ancient RomeGreece/ancient Rome
History of ancient History of ancient Rome was key subjectRome was key subject
Stoic philosophy of Stoic philosophy of duty and lack of duty and lack of self-interestself-interest
David’s “The Death of Socrates”
Neo-classicismNeo-classicism
Discovery of Discovery of Herculaneum Herculaneum and Pompeiiand Pompeii– Houses and Houses and
villas villas discovered in discovered in 17111711
– Vivid picture of Vivid picture of ancient Romeancient Rome
Romanticism….why?Romanticism….why?
Remember, 18Remember, 18thth century….all about century….all about human reasonhuman reason
Romanticism is Romanticism is about about emotionemotion
Concerns of RomanticismConcerns of Romanticism
Romantic artists Romantic artists were concerned were concerned about themselvesabout themselves– EmotionsEmotions– Reactions to their Reactions to their
worldworld– Own individualityOwn individuality
Characteristics of RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism
Rejected 18Rejected 18thth century century predecessors emphasis on predecessors emphasis on reasonreason
Explored power of dreams and Explored power of dreams and the subconsciousthe subconscious
New vision of natureNew vision of nature
Characteristics of RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism
Natural universe Natural universe was mysterious was mysterious world of its ownworld of its own
Believed in Believed in “remoteness” of “remoteness” of time or placetime or place
Inspired by ancient Inspired by ancient British Druids and British Druids and medieval knightsmedieval knights
Political views of RomanticismPolitical views of Romanticism
DemocraticDemocratic Lord Byron and Lord Byron and
Delacroix supported Delacroix supported liberalismliberalism
HOWEVERHOWEVER Conservative because Conservative because
they distrusted they distrusted human reasonhuman reason
Romanticism in GermanyRomanticism in Germany
Escape from German Escape from German political lifepolitical life
Intensified spirit of German Intensified spirit of German patriotic fervorpatriotic fervor
Conservative censorshipConservative censorship Thinkers and artists Thinkers and artists
retreated inward to their retreated inward to their own emotionsown emotions
Romanticism in GermanyRomanticism in Germany
Foundation of Foundation of Romanticism was Romanticism was from from Immanuel Immanuel KantKant (1724-1804) (1724-1804)– Questioned nature of Questioned nature of
the real worldthe real world– Eternal events are Eternal events are
merely based on our merely based on our internal perceptionsinternal perceptions
(I know this seems odd)(I know this seems odd)
Romanticism in GermanyRomanticism in Germany
Von Goethe (1749-Von Goethe (1749-1832)1832)– Poet, critic, dramatist, Poet, critic, dramatist,
novelistnovelist Classical principles Classical principles
of balance and of balance and orderorder
BUT works reflect BUT works reflect Romanticist viewsRomanticist views
Romanticism in GermanyRomanticism in Germany
Von Goethe (1749-Von Goethe (1749-1832)1832)– ““Faust”Faust”– Character makes a Character makes a
pact with the devil in pact with the devil in quest for knowledgequest for knowledge
– ““Academic Academic outsiders”outsiders”
– ““Less-gifted people Less-gifted people didn’t appreciate didn’t appreciate their brilliance”their brilliance”
Percy Bysshe ShelleyPercy Bysshe Shelley
Showed the suffering of Showed the suffering of their soulstheir souls
I am the eye which the UniverseI am the eye which the Universe
Beholds itself and knows itself divine;Beholds itself and knows itself divine;
All harmony of instrument or verse,All harmony of instrument or verse,
All prophecy, all medicine is mine,All prophecy, all medicine is mine,
All light of art or nature;_to my sonAll light of art or nature;_to my son
Victory and praise in its own right belongVictory and praise in its own right belong
Percy Bysshe ShelleyPercy Bysshe Shelley
Married Mary Married Mary Wollstonecraft (named Wollstonecraft (named after her mother)after her mother)
Son of aristocratSon of aristocrat Expelled from Oxford for Expelled from Oxford for
atheist beliefsatheist beliefs Died mysteriously in 1822Died mysteriously in 1822 Encouraged his wife, Mary Encouraged his wife, Mary
Shelley, to write fictionShelley, to write fiction– FrankensteinFrankenstein
Mary Shelley’s Mary Shelley’s FrankensteinFrankenstein
Dr. FrankensteinDr. Frankenstein– Creates monster in his Creates monster in his
lablab– Complex work of Complex work of
nature and sciencenature and science– Concern that science is Concern that science is
growing out of controlgrowing out of control– Suggests maternal Suggests maternal
love is possibly key to love is possibly key to happinesshappiness
English RomanticismEnglish Romanticism
William Wordsworth William Wordsworth (1770-1850)(1770-1850)– Founder of English Founder of English
Romantic movementRomantic movement– Witnessed Witnessed
revolutionary Francerevolutionary France– Inspired by political Inspired by political
idealismidealism““Bliss was it, in that Bliss was it, in that
dawn to be alive.”dawn to be alive.”
English RomanticismEnglish Romanticism
William Wordsworth William Wordsworth (1770-1850)(1770-1850)– Later part of F Rev Later part of F Rev
disturbed himdisturbed him– Withdrew to the Withdrew to the
English countrysideEnglish countryside– 1799 lived in Lake 1799 lived in Lake
District (his poetry District (his poetry made it famous)made it famous)
English RomanticismEnglish Romanticism
George Gordon, Lord George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824)Byron (1788-1824)– Led an Led an
unconventional lifeunconventional life– Mysterious and Mysterious and
gloomy heroes in his gloomy heroes in his booksbooks
– Romantic melodramaRomantic melodrama
English RomanticismEnglish Romanticism
George Gordon, Lord George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824)Byron (1788-1824)– Fame spread Fame spread
throughout Europethroughout Europe– Identified with Greek Identified with Greek
fight for fight for independenceindependence
– Died in 1824 while Died in 1824 while training soldiers in training soldiers in GreeceGreece
English RomanticismEnglish Romanticism
John Keats (1795-John Keats (1795-1821)1821)– Eve of Saint AgnesEve of Saint Agnes– Ode to a NightingaleOde to a Nightingale– Ode to AutumnOde to Autumn
Died at the age of 26 Died at the age of 26 from tuberculosisfrom tuberculosis
GoyaGoya
1808 French troops 1808 French troops take over Spaintake over Spain– 1814 were driven 1814 were driven
out and Goya was out and Goya was commissioned to commissioned to remember the remember the atrocities in Madridatrocities in Madrid
GoyaGoya
His worksHis works– Uses emotions to Uses emotions to
show the horrors of show the horrors of warwar
– Agonized victimsAgonized victims– Light of torches on Light of torches on
victims while victims while executions lie in the executions lie in the shadowsshadows
Theodore Gericault (1791-1824)Theodore Gericault (1791-1824)
Young French liberalYoung French liberal Used violent lighting Used violent lighting
to enhance emotionsto enhance emotions Used painting to Used painting to
expose scandalexpose scandal
The Death of Sardanapalus The Death of Sardanapalus (1826)(1826)
Orgy of violenceOrgy of violence Assyrian king atop his Assyrian king atop his
own funeral pyreown funeral pyre Has destroyed his Has destroyed his
possession and his wives possession and his wives rather than give them to rather than give them to the enemythe enemy
Dreamlike qualityDreamlike quality(Aka Massacre No. 2)(Aka Massacre No. 2)
““Massacre at Chios” by DelacroixMassacre at Chios” by Delacroix
Aka Massacre #1Aka Massacre #1 Romantic political protestRomantic political protest Turkish slaughter of Turkish slaughter of
20,000 Greeks on Chios in 20,000 Greeks on Chios in 18241824
Drew inspiration from Lord Drew inspiration from Lord ByronByron
““To set fire to yourself, To set fire to yourself, remember certain remember certain passages from Byron”passages from Byron”
Romantic MusicRomantic Music
Music, like painting Music, like painting could release emotioncould release emotion
Built on traditions of Built on traditions of 1818thth century masters century masters
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827
Bridged classical and Bridged classical and romantic periodsromantic periods
Son of an alcoholic Son of an alcoholic court musiciancourt musician
Earned patronage of Earned patronage of Viennese noblesViennese nobles
Before losing his Before losing his hearing learned hearing learned classical musical classical musical structuresstructures
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827
Romanticist because Romanticist because “he withdraws “he withdraws increasingly within increasingly within himself…..reveals only himself…..reveals only his subjective thoughts his subjective thoughts and pays heed to and pays heed to nothing but his own nothing but his own inspirationinspiration
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827
Very dramatic Very dramatic composercomposer
Often knocked down Often knocked down candles during candles during performanceperformance
Music helped Music helped popularize the pianopopularize the piano
Enjoyed wealth and Enjoyed wealth and fame (unlike Mozart)fame (unlike Mozart)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827
Age 32 realized Age 32 realized deafness was incurabledeafness was incurable
Contemplated suicideContemplated suicide But continued to But continued to
composecompose– Music searched for unity Music searched for unity
and peaceand peace– Personal emotionsPersonal emotions
Franz Schubert (1797-1828)Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
Father Moravian Father Moravian peasantpeasant
Fused romantic poetry Fused romantic poetry and musicand music
Performed in only one Performed in only one public concertpublic concert
Died at a young age, Died at a young age, syphilissyphilis
ChopinChopin
Most famous Most famous composers of early composers of early 1919thth century century
Dreamy, brooding, Dreamy, brooding, melancholic, and fierymelancholic, and fiery
Performed in upper-Performed in upper-class drawing roomsclass drawing rooms
The middle classThe middle class
Loved classical musicLoved classical music Attended by musically Attended by musically
educated listenerseducated listeners Private concerts took place Private concerts took place
in middle class homesin middle class homes Piano playing became Piano playing became
commoncommon Children received music Children received music
lessonslessons