The Roman Empire

Octavian (Augustus) Also named Princeps

“first citizen” – Pater Patriae “Father of the Country” – Augustus “revered one”

Octavian became the emperor in practice: consul, tribune, high priest, and senator

Strengthened His Authority Made soldiers swear

allegiance to him personally Built up imperial household

Choose government on talent which gave people the chance to be part of the government

Defendable Boundaries

Not interested in New Territory for Rome

Rounded to Natural Borders Rhine and Danube Rivers Atlantic Ocean Sahara Desert

Augustus’ Reforms

Provincial Governors: long terms in office with large salaries

Ordered a census (population count)

Set up a fire brigade and police force

Built the first library in Rome

Lasted 200 Years

Trade

Increase of trade with peace No tariffs, unified coins throughout

empire Mediterranean was cleared of pirates,

making a safe route for trade Grain was traded, as well as brick,

marble, granite, and wood by ship Amber, silk passed on land routes Increased trade = increased business

for Romans

Law: Changes to the 12 Tables

Fair laws to non-Romans due to business used special lawyers and legal writers “Juris Prudentes”

Law was just because it was reasonable all were equal before law – innocent until proven guilty

Standardized in 125 A.D. – the law was the same everywhere and it helped govern the large area successfully