The Roman Emperors
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Transcript of The Roman Emperors
Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify the years which an emperor reigned, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.
Given this PowerPoint, students will name who an emperor allied with, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.
Given this PowerPoint, students will identify which emperor reigned during a certain battle or conquest, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.
Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify how an emperor died, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.
OBJECTIVES
Grades 9-12
History class with basic knowledge of the Roman Empire.
Standard high school students
Middle class community
TARGET AUDIENCE
At home or at a computer lab alone
Quiet area conducive to learning
Access to paper/pencil to take notes if desired
LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Lived 100 BC – 44 BC
Reigned as emperor 46 BC – 44 BC During this time he helped
gradually transform the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
BACKGROUND
The nobility in Rome was in chaos and there was a strong need for direction.
Caesar allied himself against the nobility and slowly gained power. He became the governor of Farther Spain Then, in 60 BC he returned to Rome and was elected
consul.
GAINING POWER
Caesar now allied himself with Pompey, a war hero, and Crassus, a multimillionaire.
Although Pompey and Crassus were rivals, Caesar brought them together forming a powerful “fi rst triumvirate”.
FIRST TRIUMVIRATE
Pompey Crassus
Occurred 51 BC
By conquering Gaul, Rome’s territory was extended to the English Channel and the Rhine.
Then, they built a bridge across the Rhine and invaded Britain.
CONQUEST OF GAUL
The Roman Republic after Caesar’s conquests
Crassus died in battle in 53 BC
Pompey was jealous of Caesar’s success so he turned on Caesar and joined the Senate in a revolt against him.
They accused Caesar of treason and insubordination.
FAILING ALLIANCE
Feeling threatened, Caesar took a legion of troops across the Rubicon river in to Italy in January 49 BC and started a civil war.
Caesar was victorious and was made dictator of Rome Caesar still felt threatened, and since he had no sons he
adopted his nephew Augustus to take over when he died.
CIVIL WAR
Augustus
A group of senators, led by Marcus Brutus, assassinated Julius Caesar on the Ides of March (March 15 44 BC)
This led to a series of civil wars and then Caesar’s adopted son Augustus took over and established the Roman Empire.
THE IDES OF MARCH
Augustus was originally named Octavius
He lived 62 BC- 14 ADHe was adopted by Caesar to be
his heirWhen Caesar was assassinated,
Augustus took over and ruled 27 BC- 14 AD
He is considered the fi rst emperor of the Roman Empire
BACKGROUND
Augustus formed a second triumvirate with Marc Antony, a general.
Together, they expanded the empire and split the profi t. Augustus took Rome Antony took Egypt
SECOND TRIUMVIRATE
Marc Antony
Antony fell in love with Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt.Augustus was concerned that Cleopatra wanted his
throne, so tensions were high and the second triumvirate dissolved.
AN ALLIANCE THREATENED
With the alliance broken, in 31 BC Augustus attacked Egypt and destroyed the majority of the Egyptian fleet. So the Roman Empire expanded to include Egypt.
After his defeat in the Battle of Actium, Marc Antony committed suicide.
BATTLE OF ACTIUM
At this point, Augustus was now considered the emperor of Rome.
He was gaining power because of fi nancial resources, loyalty of soldiers and veterans, authority of honors granted by the Senate, and the respect of the people.
He was able to eliminate Senate opposition with his army.
BECOMING EMPEROR
Pax Romana means “Roman peace”
For two centuries he was able to keep Rome peaceful.
He expanded the Empire to include Egypt, northern Spain, central Europe, and Germany.
He also made peace with Parthia through diplomacy.
PAX ROMANA
Augustus improved Rome by: Reforming taxation system Developing networks of
roads Establishing a standing
army Establishing the Praetorian
Guard Creating offi cial police and
fire-fighting services
BUILDING A CITY
Augustus died in 14 BCThe Senate declared him a god to be worshipped by
the Romans.The eighth month of the Roman calendar was
renamed Augustus after him (August in English).
END OF HIS REIGN
Lived 42 BC-37 ADHis mother divorced and
remarried Augustus, making Tiberius the step-son of Augustus.
He was later adopted by Augustus.
Tiberius reigned as emperor 14 AD-37 AD
BACKGROUND
In order to gain the Senate’s trust, he tried to act reluctant to accept his power. His attempts failed and he looked derisive and obstructive. He was not trusted.
TROUBLE EARLY ON
Armies were threatening to mutiny because they had not received their bonus that Augustus had promised them.
Tiberius sent his nephew Germanicus to alleviate the problem.
Germanicus rallied the troops and led them to victory against Germanic tribes. Whatever treasure the troops could fi nd was their bonus.
GERMANICUS
Because of his eff orts, Germanicus was gaining popularity.
Tiberius was afraid of losing his throne to Germanicus, so he appointed him to be the governor of a remote eastern province.
Germanicus mysteriously died in 19 AD. It is thought that Tiberius was behind it.
THE FALL OF GERMANICUS
Tiberius decided to rely on Lucius Sejanus.
Slowly, Tiberius began to withdraw from his responsibilities. In 26 AD, he withdrew to
Villa Jovis at the island of Capri and left Sejanus in charge of Rome.
A NEW STRATEGY
Ruins of Villa Jovis
Sejanus abused the power given to him by removing Senators or any possible threats from their positions.
He also killed Germanicus’ entire family except for Caligula, the youngest son.
A MISTAKE
Sejanus
Sejanus was creating a plot to overthrow Tiberius and take over the throne.
However, Tiberius found out and sent a letter to the Senate. It condemned Sejanus and ordered his execution.
A PLOT
Tiberius died in 37 AD.Tiberius was very unpopular among the Romans and
no one mourned his death.Caligula, the only remaining son of Germanicus, took
over the throne as heir.
TIBERIUS’ DEATH
Lived 12-41 AD
Reigned 37-41 AD
People hoped that after the oppression of Tiberius, that Caligula would rejuvenate Rome.
BACKGROUND
At fi rst, Caligula looked promising. He brought back many of the people exiled by Tiberius and seemed to be working in the best interests of Rome.
However, 7 months into his reign, he became ill. After his recovery, he acted
strange. People questioned if he had gone crazy.
EARLY REIGN
Caligula began to pretend that he was a god.
Then he became murderous and started executing many people for treason.
Once he was about to make a sacrifi ce to the gods, and just as he was about to strike the animal, he threw a mallet at a priest killing him instantly .
A TURN FOR THE WORSE
Caligula spent all of Rome’s money, so he began blackmailing families and taking their property.
Then in another attempt to get more money, he took troops to Gaul and robbed all of the citizens.
When they were about to invade Britain, Caligula made his troops stop in order to collect seashells as “spoils of the conquered ocean”.
BLACKMAIL AND ROBBERY
Plots against Caligula’s life were common. Everyone hated him and feared him for his eccentric behavior.
In 41 AD he was murdered by his closest advisors.
ASSASSINATION
When did Julius Caesar rule as emperor?
QUESTION 1
27 BC - 14 AD
46 – 44 BC
45 – 37 BC
44 – 42 BC
A
B
C
D
What emperor ruled during the Battle of Actium?
QUESTION 2
A
B
C
D
Augustus
Julius Caesar
Caligula
Tiberius
How and when did Caligula die?
QUESTION 4
A
B
C
D
Assassinated in 41
AD
Suicide in 39 ADDied of old age in 41
AD
Assassinated in 39 AD
When did Tiberius rule as emperor?
QUESTION 5
A
B
C
D
10 BC – 14 AD
14 – 37 AD
37 – 41 AD
14 – 33 AD
It’s your choice. You can either go back to the main menu to review the material
or move on to the quiz.
WHAT’S NEXT?
What is the Ides of March?
QUESTION 1
A
B
C
D
Battle in Egypt led by
Augustus
The assassination of Julius
CaesarBattle in Britain led by Caligula
The assassination of Augustus
When did the Ides of March occur?
QUESTION 2
A
B
C
D
March 15, 44
BC
March 10, 46
BC
January 8, 46 BC
February 15, 44 BC
When did Augustus rule as emperor?
QUESTION 3
A
B
C
D
46 BC – 44
BC
27 BC – 14
AD
27 BC – 10 AD
30 BC – 20 BC
Who was Julius Caesar allied with?
QUESTION 5
A
B
C
D
Sejanus and Crassus
Pompey and Marc Antony
Crassus and Pompey
Sejanus and Marc Antony
When did Caligula rule as emperor?
QUESTION 6
A
B
C
D
37 AD – 41 AD
26 AD – 29 AD
37 AD – 47
AD
38 AD – 40
AD
What did the Senate declare Augustus after he died?
QUESTION 9
A
B
C
DA king
A god
A traitor
A heretic
Good job!! You have now completed the quiz!
If you scored an 8 out of 10 or better, you have passed the quiz. If not, review
the material and take the quiz again.
CORRECT!
"Augustus ." The Roman Empire . PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /www.pbs .org /empires / romans/empire /augustus .html>.
"Augustus ." Wik iped ia, 27 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /en.wik iped ia .org /wik i /Augustus>.
"Cal igula . " The Roman Empire . PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /www.pbs .org /empires / romans/empire /ca l igu la .html>.
"Cal igula .“ Wik iped ia , 29 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /en.wik iped ia .org /wik i /Cal igu la>.
" Ju l ius Caesar. " The Roman Empire . PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012.<http : / /www.pbs .org /empires / romans/empire / ju l ius_caesar.html>.
" Ju l ius Caesar. " Wik iped ia , 1 Apr. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /en.wik iped ia .org /wik i / Ju l ius_Caesar>.
"Tiber ius . " The Roman Empire . PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /www.pbs .org /empires / romans/empire / t iber ius .html>.
“Tiber ius .“ Wik iped ia, 14 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /en.wik iped ia .org /wik i /Tiber ius>.
REFERENCES