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![Page 1: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Role of Social Housing:
An International Perspective
Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations:
Scottish Government 22/4/08
Professor Mark Stephens
![Page 2: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Firm Foundations
Firm Foundations paints bleak picture of Scottish social rented sector:
Decline:Predicts continued growth of owner occupation
Social composition changed fromtypical of society in 1981 now disproportionately workless, elderly, sick, singleconcentration of srs in deprived areas
But talks of its “reinvigoration”:Wider range of suppliers (inc. private)Wider range of “products” (mid mkt rent)Discharge some homeless duties through prsPhysical and neighbourhood quality/ mix
![Page 3: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
International Evidence
12 country review:
Size/ trends in srsOwnershipDemandEligibilityAllocationsIncome mixingExcluded householdsHomelessness
![Page 4: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Roles of Social Rented Housing
Supply function:
to meet housing shortages
Affordability function:
improve quantity and quality of housing consumed for a given income
Safety net function:
prevent homelessness among those unable to access housing through the market
![Page 5: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Size of Social Rented Sector
05
1015
2025
3035
40
![Page 6: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
There is always national demand for Social Housing: its decline is a matter of policy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1980
1990
2000
![Page 7: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Use of Private Landlordsas Social Landlords
Germany:Historic system of defining “social” housing by receipt of subsidy time-limited social housing provided by private landlords
USA:Private landlords whose properties are approved can receive rent-reducing subsidies that are attached to the property (i.e. they continue when the tenants leaves).There are also portable voucher-like subsidies that can be used in the prs, but they end when the tenant leaves.
![Page 8: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Eligibility
Almost always income (and other) limits
But % population varies greatly
Various groups often excluded:
Rent arrears, anti-social behaviour, criminal convictions
Where programmes tightly prescribed (US) eligibility virtually determines allocation
![Page 9: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Allocations
Matter most when eligibility drawn broadly:
Most systems work with a combination of ‘need’ and chronologyLA nominations a frequent featureBritish legally enforceable right to housing (homelessness) unique
Outcomes (who actually housed) vary greatly:
‘need’: English speaking countries‘affordability’: Europe – but how does this work?
![Page 10: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Use of Sub-Sectors for Excluded Households
Sub-sectors:
Lower rents and qualityLess securityAdditional conditions
Examples:
Swedish “secondary” housingFrench “very social” sectorCzech “holobyt” systemHungarian “emergency” unitsPolish “social” housing
![Page 11: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
International Typology of Role of Social Rented
HousingVery Poor and with Special Needs
(USA, Canada, Australia)
↓
Very Poor(UK: 50% national average income)
↓
Below average incomes, but exclude very poor and most vulnerable
(France, Denmark, Sweden: 70% national average income)
![Page 12: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Role of SRS relates to Social/ Economic Context
Safety net role where high levels of poverty/ inequality:
Most effective when combined with large srs let on basis of need.“Ambulance” role where high levels of poverty/ inequality + weak welfare state + small srs.
Affordability function:Associated with countries with less poverty/ inequalityBut poorest in these systems often actively excluded
![Page 13: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What does this imply for Scotland?
Do we look at the “problem” from the wrong end of the telescope?
Profile of social tenants a product of high levels of poverty (+ demography)
+ a strong housing policy
solution is not to abandon srs
![Page 14: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Relevance to Firm Foundations
For social mix:
Providers are a secondary issue except
where alternative landlords used to disperse poor.
Mid-market rent: implies trade-off, but justified if benefits to poor through neighbourhood externalities?
![Page 15: The Role of Social Housing: An International Perspective Presentation for Firm Analytical Foundations: Scottish Government 22/4/08 Professor Mark Stephens.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071808/56649eec5503460f94bfd52c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Evidence Gaps
We do not know the economic value of housing to its occupants; nor how this is distributed.
We do not know the economic value of subsidies of housing and its distribution.
Need property values in all tenures in SHCS.