The Role of Nutrients

Benefits of Good Nutrition

1.1. Growth, Growth, DevelopmentDevelopment, and , and FunctionFunction

2.2. FitnessFitness

3.3. Job PerformanceJob Performance

4.4. AppearanceAppearance

5.5. Less Risk of IllnessLess Risk of Illness

6.6. Long-term HealthLong-term Health

Malnutrition

MalnutritionMalnutrition = Poor nutrition over a = Poor nutrition over a prolonged periodprolonged period

What is a Calorie (kilocalorie)?What is a Calorie (kilocalorie)? It is the amount of It is the amount of energyenergy needed to raise needed to raise

the temperature of the temperature of 1 kilogram1 kilogram of water 1 of water 1° ° CelsiusCelsius

It is how we It is how we measure the amount of energy measure the amount of energy we put into our body.we put into our body.

Six types of Essential Nutrients

1.1. CarbohydratesCarbohydrates - Body’s main - Body’s main source of energy. Examples: source of energy. Examples: Grains, potatoes, & vegetables.Grains, potatoes, & vegetables.

2.2. Fats - Fats - Concentrated source of Concentrated source of energyenergy

Examples: Butter, dressings, Examples: Butter, dressings, baked goods.baked goods.

3. Protein – 3. Protein – Helps build, repair and Helps build, repair and maintain body tissue.maintain body tissue. Examples: Examples: Poultry, eggs, milk, and beef.Poultry, eggs, milk, and beef.

4.4. Vitamins Vitamins – Chemicals that help – Chemicals that help regulate many vital body regulate many vital body processes and aid other nutrients. processes and aid other nutrients. Examples: Vitamins C, D & E Examples: Vitamins C, D & E

5.5. Minerals – Minerals – Non-living substancesNon-living substances that help the body work and can that help the body work and can become part of become part of body tissuebody tissue. . Examples: Calcium & PotassiumExamples: Calcium & Potassium

6.6. WaterWater – Essential to life. – Essential to life.

Nutrient DeficiencyNutrient Deficiency – Nutrient – Nutrient shortage produces many possible shortage produces many possible symptoms depending on the symptoms depending on the nutrient.nutrient.

CarbohydrateCarbohydratess

SimpleCarbohydrates

Complex Carbohydrates

Natural SugarsFruit – Fructose

Grains – MaltoseDairy - Lactose

Refine SugarThese are sugars

extracted from plants ex. Honey & molasses

Dietary FiberEx. Fruits and

Vegetables (SKIN)_

StarchesEx. Potatoes and

Grains

Insoluble FiberWill not dissolve

In water

Soluble FiberDissolve in water

Protein

Complete ProteinSupplies all 9 of the Essential

Amino AcidsEx. Meat, eggs, & dairy

Incomplete ProteinLacking one or more Essential

Amino AcidsAll food from plant sources

Role of Nutrients

1.1. Dietary Fiber – Dietary Fiber – a mixture of plant a mixture of plant materials that is not broken down in materials that is not broken down in the digestive system.the digestive system.

2.2. DRI’s – DRI’s – (Dietary Reference Intakes)(Dietary Reference Intakes)Standards used for assessing Standards used for assessing nutrients needs among people of nutrients needs among people of different age and gender groups.different age and gender groups.

3.3. RDA’s – RDA’s – (Recommended Dietary (Recommended Dietary Allowances) The amounts of a nutrient Allowances) The amounts of a nutrient needed by 98% of the people in a needed by 98% of the people in a given area and gender group.given area and gender group.

4.4. AI’s - AI’s - (Adequate Intakes) Used when a (Adequate Intakes) Used when a lack of RDA cannot be established.lack of RDA cannot be established.

Can malnutrition exist where food is Can malnutrition exist where food is abundant?abundant?

YESYES

Why? – Due to poor diet or a medical Why? – Due to poor diet or a medical conditioncondition

What four factors determine the What four factors determine the number of calories your body needs?number of calories your body needs?

1.1. Activity levelActivity level2.2. AgeAge3.3. WeightWeight4.4. GenderGender