From Flash to HTML5 in a flash: your ultimate guide to converting legacy e-learning
The Role of HTML5 and Flash in Web Design
Transcript of The Role of HTML5 and Flash in Web Design
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TheroleofHTML5andFlashinWebDesign
ByKaelaSooHoo
GraphicCommunicationDepartment
CollegeofLiberalArts
CaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity
SanLuisObispo,2012
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Abstract
KaelaSooHoo
GraphicCommunicationDepartment,June2012
Advisor:XiaoyingRong
ThepurposeofthisstudywastodeterminewhetherHTML5willreplaceFlashin
thewebdesignindustry.Usingtheinformationtakenfromthestudy,theresearchermade
apredictiontoanswertheformerquestion.
Theresearcherlookedfurtherintotheseprogramsandfindinformationto
determinewhatitisthatmakeseachoftheseprogramsuniqueandpossiblyreplaceable.
Theresearcheralsointerviewedandsurveyedthosewhousedtheseprogramstodesignor
viewonlinewebsitestogaininsightonpracticalityandcurrenttrendsinthewebdesign
industry.
Throughresearchandexperimentation,theresearcherdecidedthatHTML5may
replaceFlashinthewebdesignindustrybecauseofthefoundtrendsintoday’ssociety.
HTML5surelyhasmuchmoreworktogobeforebeingcompletelydevelopedasauseable
program,butonceitisFlashwillslowlydisappearfromtheweb.AdobeFlashmayhave
lostitsrelevanceinwebdesign,butitissurelynotdisappearingcompletelyanytimesoon
duetotheseveralotherpurposesitservesoutsideoftheweb.
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Table of Contents
Chapter1–Introduction 4
Chapter2–LiteratureReview 7
Chapter3–ResearchMethodsandProcedures 20
Chapter4–Results 22
Chapter5–Conclusions 31
AppendixA–Questionnaire/Survey 34
AppendixB–InterviewQuestions 36
References 37
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Thewebhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularformsofmediatoshareand
communicateinformationthroughouttheworld.TheuseofHypertextMarkupLanguage
(HTML)isthestandardmethodofdisplayingthisinformationforusersontheweb.Web
developersareconstantlylookingforwaystohelpenhancewebusersexperiencesthrough
interactivity.Inordertocreatethisinteractiveaspectofwebdesign,applicationssuchas
AdobeFlashhavebeendeveloped.Flashgiveswebdesignerstheopportunitytomake
interactivewebsitesthatcouldnothavebeendesignedinHTMLalone.Bothmethodshave
theirownpositivesandnegatives,butwiththeintroductionofHTML5,whichhasthe
capabilityofaddingtheinteractivitythatFlashdidbefore,Flashmaynolongerbeneeded.
ThenewHTML5isdesignedtobeaneffectivenewwayofcodingthatpromisesusersa
betterwebexperience,replacingtheolderstandardsacrossalldevices.Therefore,the
purposeofthisstudyistodeterminewhetherthedevelopmentofHTML5willeventually
replaceFlashinthenextfewyears.
Significance of Research
Webdesignisimportantinthegraphiccommunicationindustry.Withtheever‐
changingtechnologyandgrowingpopulationusageofmobiledevicesandtablets,itis
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imperativetounderstandhowtodesignforeachofthesedifferentapplications.Inorderto
dosoonemustbeabletousethetoolsavailableinthemosteffectiveandefficientway.The
listofthingstotakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningawebpagetodayisconstantly
growing.Adesignermustbeawareoffactorssuchassearch‐ability,typography,loading
time,screensize,andmore.Becauseofthecombinationofthesedifferentfactorsandthe
constantchangeincommunicationdevicesandbrowsers,creatingawebsitecaneasily
becomeachallengeforthedesigner.Itisnecessarythatthedesignercreateanexperience
thatmeetsuserexpectations.Inordertodosothedesignermusthaveafullunderstanding
ofbothprogramsFlashandHTMLsothattheycanapproachtheprojectandmeetallofthe
needsoftheirclientinthemostcosteffectiveandpracticalway.
FlashmayhavelimitationsfulfillingtheneedsofusersthatthenewHTML5alone
maybeabletosolve.Consequently,itisnecessarytohaveanunderstandingofthe
advantagesanddisadvantagesofbothFlashandHTML5inordertomakeaninformed
decisiontoanswerthequestionofwhetherHTML5willreplaceFlashandbecomethenew
standardinwebdevelopment.
Interest in the Problem
AsaGraphicArtistinterestedinthewebdesignfieldofGraphicCommunication,the
researcherisinterestedinunderstandingthedifferentapplicationsthatareusedinthe
processofcreatingasuccessfulwebsite.Thisstudyintendstounderstandhowtomeetthe
needsofclientsbycreatingawelldesignedwebsitebyhavingacompleteunderstandingof
thestandardtoolsofFlashandHTML,andhowtoapplytheminthemostefficientway
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possible.Webdesignerstodayhaveabiggerjobthanbefore,tocreateawebsitefornot
justtofitandlooknicelyonthecomputer,butforthesmartphoneandtabletdevicesas
well.TheannouncementofHTML5hasmadeahugeimpactintheGraphicCommunication
industry,andithasbeenspeculatedthatHTML5willbethefuturestandardofwebdesign.
Theresearcherrecognizestheimportanceofunderstandingthebenefitsandweaknessesof
boththeseprogramsinordertobesuccessfulinthefutureasawebdesigner.
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Chapter 2
Literature Review
Withthechangingtechnologiesandgrowthinwebdevelopment,itisimportantto
understandthetoolsthatcouldbeusedtodesignandtocreateanallaroundeffective
websitefortheviewer.Thisliteraturereviewbeginswithanexplanationofthetwo
methodsthatareusedtocreateandincorporateinteractivityintowebdesign;oneusing
Adobe FlashandtheotherusingHTML5.Thisreviewexaminesthebenefitsofeach
programandhowtheyarebeingusedtodayandhowtheywillbeusedinthefuture.
Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash wasfirstreleasedinthemid‐1990sasamultimediaplatformtoadd
animation,videoandinteractivitytowebpages.Flashisfrequentlyusedfor
advertisements,games,andflashanimationsforbroadcasts.Ithasbeenusedtocreate
moreinteractivegraphicallypleasingwebsitesandhasmoredesigncapabilitiesthanother
methodsthatusecoding.Withtheuseofthefreeplug‐inofAdobeFlashPlayer,web
browsersareabletodisplayanimationsbuiltwithFlashfromanywebsiteforany
computertosee.Withthesetoolsathand,companiesareabletocreateanenhancedweb
experiencefortheironlinevisitorstohelpadvertiseandappealtoviewers.
AnothercommonuseofAdobeFlashistocreateinteractivegames.Severalof
today’smostpopularbrowser‐basedgameswerecreatedusingthisprogram.Infact,oneof
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themostpopular,AngryBirds,wasmadewithFlashPlayer11.ActionScript,whichisa
formofcodinginAdobeFlash,isanothermethodthatmakesitpossibletoproducehigh
qualityanimationsthataresuperiortothosecreatedbyothermethods.
Flash as a main method of Web Development
AccordingtoJesseRedniss,theVicePresidentofCableTV’sUSA Network(Taft,
2011),Flashprovidesaneaseofdevelopmentprocessononeplatform,andalsoaneaseof
costandeaseofdevelopmenttimeline.”
RobertBoerifromEContentMagazinelistsoutseveraloftheadvantagesofusing
Flashfilesfortheweb(2011).
Advantages
• Flashfilesaresmallanduseveryfewcomputingresources.
• AlthoughFlashrequiresconstantupdates,theyarenotmuchofabigdeal,
andareeasytoimplement
• Itrunsnearlyeverywhere,from95%to99%ofwebaccessibledevices
(OnlyexcludingApplemobileproducts)
• Flashrunsonthe3majorcomputingplatforms—thosebeingWindows,
VariousflavorsofUnixsuchasLinuxandSolaris,andMacOS—andinall
majorbrowsers.
Disadvantages
• Editability
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• SearchPurposes(SEO)
• Notavailable/willnotworkonanyofApple’smobiledevices
• AdobesaysitnolongerplanstodevelopfutureversionsofFlashPlayer
formobilebrowsers
• AdobehasfacedincreasedvulnerabilitiesintheAdobeFlashstandard
exposedbyhackers(Smith,2011)
Future Outlook for Flash Applications
WithApple’sdecisionin2010alreadymadebydismissingthesupportofFlashin
anyoftheirmobiledevices,Adobehasannouncedthatitisnolongerworkingon
developingFlashformobileplatforms(Moren,2012).
Flashstillplaysaprominentroleinwebdesigntoday.Althoughthenextgeneration
ofHTMLisbelievedtoreplacetheprograminthefuture,theprogramisstillpredictedto
makeprogressintheindustry.Accordingto DanMorenfromMacworldmagazine,Flashis
undergoingimprovementforfutureversions.Insteadofworkingonimprovingits
technologyinmobileapplications,AdobeplanstocontinuedevelopingFlashonthe
desktop,whereitwillworkhand‐inhandwithHTML5(2012).DannyWinokurfromAdobe
saysthatwiththehaltofdevelopmentonFlashformobileplatforms,Flashwillincrease
investmentandinnovationwithFlashwhereitcanhavethemostimpactfortheindustry
whichwillincludeadvancedgamingandpremiumvideo(2011).
ApplecurrentlycontinuestodrawbacktheirsupportforFlashonMacproducts.
Applehasalreadystoppedincludingtheplug‐inontheirMacintoshproducts,sousersthat
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wantithavetodownloaditthemselves(Moren,2012).DanMorenexpresseshisconcern
forthefutureofFlashontheweb,“It’shardtoimaginethatsoftwaremakerswillcontinue
toembraceatechnologythatisreachingfewerandfewerplatforms”(2012).
HTML5
In2009,thefirstworkingdraftofHTML5wasintroduced.HTML5isthenext
evolutionofwebdevelopmentstandardsbywhichapplicationdeveloperscreateend‐user
experience.HTML5isacombinationofHTML(HyperTextLanguage),CSS(CascadingStyle
Sheets),andJavaScriptallinone.Grensing‐Pophal(2011)explainsthatHTML5createsa
universalsetofcapabilitieswithoutofplug‐insthatisfreelyavailabletobothusersand
developers.Already,somefeaturesofHTML5arebeingincorporatedintovarious
webpagesandapplications.HTML5iscurrentlysupportedinAppleSafari,GoogleChrome,
MozillaFirefox,Opera,andmostrecentlyInternetExplorer9browsersinadditiontomost
mobilewebapplications.
Ultimately,thepurposeofHTML5istocreateasimpler,faster,andcheaperwayto
runawebsite.HTML5hasseveralnewcapabilitiesthatoffermuchmoreforthewebina
simplerformofconstruction.Thenewstandardwilloffernewfeaturesandallowformore
artisticexpression.HTML5offersconsiderablepotentialforthefuture,soitisimportantto
beawareofitscapabilitiesandhowtheymaybeused.ThereisnodoubtthatHTML5will
makeahugeimpactontheWebinthefuture,andissomethingthatwebdesignersneedto
knowabout.
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NoneedforPlug‐ins
Unlikeplug‐inapplicationssuchasFlash,everythingthatisneededisbuiltintothe
HTML5coding.Frequently,withpluginapplicationsdevelopersmustmakeanadditional
paymentfortheiruse.Someprogramsrequiremultipleplug‐insdependingbothondesired
functionalityandbrowserbeingusedtoaccessinformation.HTML5makestheuseofplug‐
insobsolete(Grensing‐Pophal,2011).
Bradshaw,aprincipalofClickHere,adigitaladvertisingandmarketingagencyin
DallasstatesthatwithHTML5,“youarenolongerrequiredtostreamyouraudioandvideo
filesthroughaFlashplug‐in.Thissignificantlyreducesdownloadtimesandtheoretically
reducestheloadontheCPU,”(Grensing‐Pohpal,2011).Thiswillletpeopleloadandshow
thiscontent“natively”intheirwebbrowsers.Thisshouldmakeforasimpler,faster,and
moresecureexperience.(WhatHTML5WillChange,2010)
Mobileapplications
OneofthemostimportantbenefitsofHTML5isthatitiscapableofmakingtheWeb
usefulonmobiledevices.ThisincludesthosefromAndroidphones,iPhones,iPads,Tablets,
andmore.WebKitisanapplicationthroughHTML5thatmakesiteasyforawebdesigner
tocreateawebsitethatwilladapttoalldifferenttypesofmobiledevicestolookgreaton
allscreensizestohelptheviewergetthemostoutoftheironlineexperience.Itsopen‐
sourcebrowserengine,thesoftwarecomponentthattranslatesthecodeofaWebpageinto
whatappearsonthescreen.(WhatHTML5WillChange,2010).Todayitisthedominant
engineformobileWebbrowsing.
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WhenApplelaunchedtheiPhonein2007,itdramaticallyalteredtheexpectations
thepublichadforthemobileWeb.Untilthen,mostsmartphonesofferedonlya
substandardversionoftheWebasitappearedonPCs.Apple,however,optedtousethe
samesystemthatunderpinneditsdesktopSafaribrowser:WebKit.In2008Googleadopted
WebKitasthebasisofitsChromebrowser,bringingittodesktopsandAndroidphones.A
stringofphonemakersfollowed:Nokia,Palm,Samsung,andthemakeroftheBlackBerry,
ResearchinMotion,haveincorporatedWebKitbrowsersintotheirhandsets.(WhatHTML5
WillChange,2010)
CodingStructure
HTML5makesuseofanew<article>,<section>,<nav>and<header>taginthe
codingthathelpswiththeorganizationandstructureofawebpage.New“tags”inthe
codingofsiteswillhelpthembetterorganizetheinformationtheyresendtosearch
engines’automatedindexers.Thatcouldmakesearchresultsmorerelevantforeveryone
(WhatHTML5WillChange,2010).Theuseofcodingalsoallowslessofaneedforimage
use,sincesearchenginessearchusetextinwebsitesandcannotdrawinformationfrom
imagesalone.
Animation
TheincreaseddevelopmentinHTML5hasalsocausedadevelopmentinCSS,with
theupcomingCSS3thatworkshand‐in‐handwithHTML5.HTML5enablesrichanimated
effectsforthecontentthroughCSS(CascadingStyleSheets).Anexampleoftheuseofthis
newCSSistextwrap,givingdesignersmorecontrolovertheflowoftextinHTMLbyletting
themwraptextaroundgraphicsandcustomshapes,enabelingalmostmagazine‐likelayout
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design.AnotherexampleoftheseeffectsistheCSSShaders,whichisbasedoffofAdobe’s
PixelBendertechnologywhichsupportsdropshadowsandfadeingraphicsthroughthe
coding(Taft2011).
Canvas
The“canvas”tagisanewfeatureinHTML5thatallowsgraphicsorothervisual
imagestoberenderedprogrammatically.Animatedgraphicsandotherinteractivecontent
won’tneedaplug‐in.Anew“canvas”tagwillletWebdesignerscreategraphicalelements
inHTML(WhatHTML5WillChange,2010).Thismeansthatgraphicsandanimationscan
bebasedonuserinteractionsorotherbehaviors(Grensing‐Pophal,2011)
InteractionandEditabilityforUsers
ThearticleWhat HTML5 Will Change (2011)talksabouthowHTML5willaffectthe
interactiononwebsitesandtheedibilityitmayhaveforboththecreatoranduser.
Content Editing
“Userswillbeabletoedittextinselectedportionsofapage.Theymightjotdown
notesaboutwhatthey’veviewed,andthosenoteswillappearwhentheyreturnto
thesite.”
Drag and Drop
“Dragginganddroppinghasbeenthestandardwaytomovefilesaroundacomputer
desktop.NowHTML5isbringingittotheWeb.Youcouldquicklyuploadanew
photoofyourselftoasocialnetwork.”
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Chat
“Anapplication‐programminginterfaceassociatedwithHTML5willletWeb
Developerssetupasimplechatprogram.Thatcouldlettheirusersinteractwith
eachotherbeyondthelimitsofacommentssection.”
TypographyandDesign
OneofthemostexcitingfeaturesofHTML5isthatitallowsformoreinnovationin
designthroughcoding.HTML5enableswebsitestocreateadvancedgraphicsand
animationsandrichertypography(WhatHTML5WillChange,2010).Thiscapabilityalso
makeswebsitesmoreappealingonallscreensizes.Webkitenablesanewexpressiveness
usingHTMLonly.
Weaknesses
AlthoughHTML5mayseemlikeanexcellentfuturealternativetoothercurrent
applications,therearestillissuestoconsider.
BeingnewtotheWorldWideWeb,HTML5maynotyetbematureenoughtohandle
thehigh‐endentertainmentexperiencesthatotherprogramscurrentlyprovide.HTML5
hasnotyetbeenfullydevelopedandstillhasmoreworktobedonebeforetheprogramis
perfectedforwebusenow.
OneofthebiggestchallengesfacingHTML5legacybrowsersupportneededto
becomeastandardforthewebdesignindustry.NotallInternetExplorerapplicationsyet
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supportHTML5,whichcanbedifficultbecausenoteveryonemaybeasuptodatewith
technologyormaystillbeusingbrowsersthatarenotabletohandleHTML5.
ImadMoulineistheCTOofGomez, Inc.,fromthewebperformancedivisionofthe
CompuwareCorp.,inDetroittalksaboutthisissueineContentMagazine(Grensing‐Pophal,
2011):
ThetypeofappsthataretakingadvantageofHTML5tendtobemobileapps,”says
Mouline.“Theproblemwithgettingtothatlevelonadesktopisthatthebrowser
marketisveryfragmented,”hesays.“Thespecificationshaven’tbeenfully
implemented.BrowsersthatimplementedHTML5maynothaveimplementedallof
thesameparts.”Fordevelopers,itbecomesachicken‐and‐eggscenario,hesays:“Do
IdevelopforHTML5andhopepeoplewillstartupgradingtheirbrowsers,ordoI
waituntilthebrowsershavebeenupdated?”Oneofthereasonsadoptioninthe
mobilemarkethasbeendifferent,hesays,isthatpeoplearesimplyusingthebuilt‐
inbrowsersthatcamewiththeirdevices.
BecauseHTML5isbrandnewtotheindustry,andstillhassomeafewthingstoworkout,
adoptionisgoingtotakesometimeforeveryonetobeonthesamepage.HTML5stillasa
longwaytogo,andwillnotbeabletofixthewebovernight.
Anotherdisadvantageisthatthenewimplementationwillrequireinnovatorsto
agreeonstandardsthatHTML5willoffer.Althoughbrowsermakerstheyareagreementon
mosttopics,buttheycontinuetoargueaboutwhichvideostandardstosupport.Theyhave
yettoagreeonasinglecodexfortheweb.Asmentionedearlier,oneofthemainthingsthat
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needstobetakenconsiderationistomakesurethatenoughpeopleareusingWeb
browsersthatcanfullyhandleHTML5.
Will HTML Replace Flash?
Pro Flash
AlthoughmanyarepredictingthatFlashwillbereplacedbythefutureofHTML5,
thereareseveralthatdonotbelievetheapplicationwillgoawayanytimesoon.
OneofthereasonsthatFlashmaybearoundforawhileisbecauseFlashismore
suitedthanHTML5istologic‐heavyenterpriseapplications,whereverapplicationsusebig
datasetsorcomplexbusinesslogic.Anexampleofthiscanbebrowserbasedgaming,
which“isalmostalwaysFlash,”evenwhenitisembeddedinHTML5pages.RJOwen,the
seniorsoftwarearchitectatEffectiveUIbringsupagoodpointwithaninterviewwith
eWEEK(Taft,2012),
Flashisgoodatthevisuallayer—Itsawesomeatthat—butifIwanttodoimage
processingonaphone,whichisalreadylowpower,Iwanttodothatinnativecode
andbeasefficientasIcan.Sotheabilitytodivideuptheresponsibilitiesbetween
theplaceswhereitwillrunbest—that’samazing.
AlthoughHTML5maybeabletoperformseveralofthetasksthatFlashcan,the
interactivitythatFlashcanhandlemightbemorepracticaltobeusedinapplicationsto
helptheprojecttoperformmoreefficiently.DannyWinokurinanpostfromAdobe(Taft,
2011)supportsthisideabystating,
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It’snotevenoneortheother.ThereareahugenumberofprojectsthatIcanthinkof
whereHTMLandFlashgetcombinedinasingleproject.Thekeymessageiswe’re
allaboutgivingthecontentcreatorordevelopertherichesttoolbox.
Ultimatelyitseemsthatwhatitcomesdowntoisthattheuseofthesetoolsismoreabout
choosingwhichisrightforyouandyoursituation.Thepersonthatdecidesonwhattoolto
useisbasedoffofthecontentcreator.
Pro HTML5
ManyindustryleaderspredictthatHTML5willinfactbethenewstandard,andthat
AdobeFlashwillcometoitsend.
OneofthemostimpactfuleventsthathavecausedmovementtowardsHTML5isthe
lackofsupportthatApplehasforFlashapplications.Theintroductionofapplesnewest
product,theiPadtablet,ApplecontinuestosupportonlyHTML5.Thisdisabilitymakesit
impossibleforthesedevicestoseeanyvideosoradvertisementsthatmayhavebeen
createdusingFlash.WitheachoftheseAppleproductsrapidlygrowingmorepopular,the
needforaprogramthatwillsupportthesedevicesgrowsaswell(Boeri,2011).Applehas,
somewhatcounterintuitively,becomeoneofthebiggestplayersontheWeb,despitethe
factthatithasdriventheapprevolutionandholdsonlyaslimshareofthebrowsermarket
(WhatHTML5WillChange,2010).SteveJobsargumentwasthatflashwasa“processor—
andanunstablebatteryhoggingstandardthatcauseditsdevicestoperformimproperly.”
SteveJobshopedfortheproliferationofHTML5,whichperformsthesamefunctionsbut
canoperateacrossallplatforms(Ozer,2011).
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AdobesayingthatFlashonmobileisn'tthebestpathforward(isnotequalto)Adobe
concedingthatFlashonmobile(orelsewhere)isbadtechnology,"hewrote."Its
qualityisirrelevantifit'snotallowedtorun,andifit'snotallowedtorun,then
Adobewillhavetofinddifferentwaystomeetcustomers'needs.–SteveJobs(Smith,
2011)
Withthisathand,itisapparentthatHTML5maybecomeanattractivealternativetoFlash
thatdoesnotworkontheseothermobiledevices.
HTML5hasmadealargeimpactonwebdesignisbecauseitenableswebsitesto
createadvancedgraphics,animations,andrichertypography.Forexample,itselegancehas
alreadyimprovedthedocumentsharingwebsiteScribd.com,oneofthemostprominent
sitestobeginusingthoseelementsofHTML5thatWebbrowserscanrecognizetoday.The
articleWhat HTML5 Will Change(2011)explainshowScribd’sfoundersusedtofretthatthe
site,whichusedFlashtodisplaydocuments,didn’tlookthatgreat.Thethingspeople
postedweren’tasreadableoraseasytomanipulate,astheyshouldhavebeen.They
appearedinaframe,like“documentsinabox,”asScribdcofounderJaredFriedmanputit.
Tofurtherexplaintheirexperience(WhatHTML5WillChange,2010):
Scribd’sengineersspent6monthsrebuildingthesite.TheystoppedusingFlashto
displaydocuments,eventhoughthatmeanttheyhadtoconverttensofmillionsof
filestoHTML5.Eventuallytheirexhaustingcodingmarathonspaidoff.Afterthe
renewal,Scribd’spageslookedcrisperbecausethedocumentshadcomeoutoftheir
boxes.Nolongerdiditseemasifusershadtoviewfilesthroughalens.Readers
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beganstickingaroundthreetimeslonger,Friedmansays.“Itwasfantastic,”hesays.
“Evenweweresurprisedhowgoodthemetricslooked.
Scribd’sexperiencewithHTML5hasprovenusefulandhasresultedinexcellentresultsfor
hispurposes.
SomestatisticstoalsosupportthereplacementofFlashbyHTML5comefromThe
HTTPArchive,whichcollectssitedatafromoverthousandsofsitesallovertheWeb.This
websiteshowsthatAdobeFlashusageontheInternet’sTop100websiteshasdropped
from38%to34%betweenNovember2010andJuly2012.DoingaGooglesearchfor
"flashdeveloperjobs"fromthepast24hoursturnsup511,000results;ayearagothesame
searchproduced832,000results.Bythesametoken,searchingfor"HTML5developer
jobs"turnsup243,000resultstodayvs.116,000ayearago.(Pachal,2011)
Chapter Summary
ItisapparentthatbothFlashandHTML5havemadealargeimpactontheweb
designindustryinGraphicCommunication.Bothprogramshavetheiradvantagesand
disadvantagestowebdevelopment,aswehaveseenexamplesofhowcompaniesinthe
industryhaveimplementedbothapplicationsfortheirownpurposes.Itappearsfornow
thatFlashdoesnotseemtobegoinganywhereanytimesoonwiththeongoing
developmentofHTML5.HTML5stillhassomeworktobedoneandbugstobefixedbefore
itusfullyexecutedintothewebdesignindustry.TodetermineifFlashwillbereplacedby
HTML5inthefutureofwebdesign,furtherstudyandexperimentationisrequired.
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Chapter 3
Research Methods and Procedures
TounderstandthequestionofwhetherHTML5willreplaceAdobe Flashinthe
futureofwebdesign,itisimportanttounderstandtheuserandcreatorsstandpointon
whichmethodmaybebetterforoursituation.Thereforethepurposeofthisresearchwas
tocomparetheusabilityofHTML5vs.Adobe Flashforwebdesign.Theprocedurethatwas
usedtodeterminetheanswerofthisquestioninvolvedtwoexperiments.These
experimentswereconductedonagroupofselectedsubjectswhoobserveddifferent
websites,andtheagroupofselectedwebdesignerswhodesignedusingbothFlashand
HTML.
Thegrouptobestudiedforthefirstexperimentconsistedofagroupofpeople
varyingintheageof16to50.Thisgroupofpeoplewasthosewhousecomputersonadaily
basis,butarenotnecessarilybeknowledgeableofthetwodifferentprogramsHTML5and
Flash.Inthisexperiment,thesubjectwasgiventwolistsofwebsites,thefirstlistof
websitescreatedinHTML5,theothercreatedusingAdobe Flash.Thesewebsiteswereall
welldesignedandinvolvedtheuseofinteractivitythroughasmanywayspossible.The
subjectwasthentoldtochooseonewebsitefromeachlisttoobserve.Whenviewingthe
twowebsites,thesubjectdidnotknowhoweachwebsitewascreated.Alistofitemsfor
thesubjecttoviewoneachofthespecificwebpageswasgiventothemtoexamine.After
examiningthetwowebsitesfor10minutes,thesubjectwasgivenalistofquestions
(AppendixA).Thepurposeofthesesurveyquestionswastoexaminetheusersexperience
witheachofthedifferentwebsites,andtocomparewhattheymayhavelikedanddisliked
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abouttheirexperience.Subjectsweregiventheopportunitytogiveopen‐endedresponses
andwasaskedtoexplainthereasonforhisorherpreferenceofaspecificsite.Theywere
thenaskedtoopeneachwebsiteontheirmobilephoneandanswerquestionsaboutthat
experience.
Thenextphaseistoapproachthetopicthroughadesigner’spointofview.This
studyshowedhowusingHTML5versusFlashmightchangehowapersonisdesigningfor
theweb.Thisexperimentinvolvedwebdeveloperswhocurrentlyworkinthewebdesign
industry.ThesedesignerswerefamiliarwithbothAdobeFlashandHTMLmethodsofweb
design.Aninterviewwithalistofquestions(AppendixB)pertainingtothistopicwas
asked.
Thepurposeofthismethodologyistoapproachthesubjectthroughacreator’s
standpoint.Theresearcherintendedtogaininsightfromthesedesignersthroughtheirweb
designingexperiencewiththetwoapplications.Fromthispointofviewtheresearchercan
seewhichmethodologymaybebestforuseinspecificsituationsinwebdesignandhow
peoplewhousetheseprogramsintherealworkforceworldmayfeelaboutthem.
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Chapter 4
Results and Discussion
AfterconductingtheresearchmethodsandproceduresthatwerestatedinChapter4,
theresearcherwasabletogainsomeusefulinsightonthetopicfromboththeuserand
creatorsstandpointoftheprogramsFlashandHTML5.Trendsinthecurrentwebdesign
industryhavebeenidentifiedfromtheseresultsandtheresults.Thischapterisananalysis
ofimportanttakeawaysfromtheresultsgatheredfromexperimentation.
The Designers Point of View
Thedesigner’spointofviewwasreflectedthroughtheinterviewquestionslocated
inAppendixA.Thesequestionsweregiventoagroupofsuccessfulwebdeveloperswho
arecurrentlyworkintheindustryandhaveexperienceusingbothHTMLandFlashtobuild
website.
Key factors to creating an effective website
Inordertocreateasuccessfulwebsite,therearemanythingsthatadesignermust
takeintoconsideration.KevinLuttrell,fromNightOwlStudiosaysthat,”firstandforemost,
itneedstoserveapurposeandcommunicatethatmessageclearlyoutofthegate.
Everythinghastocommunicate;visuals,writtencopy,UI,UX.”WyethStylesfromInflight
StudioalsoagreedwithKevinthatawebsitemustdeliverthemessageinaclearsimple
way.Wyethalsolistedoffanumberoffactorsthattakeamoretechnicaldirectiontowards
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practicaldesignforthewebviewerandownerofthewebsite.Thisincludedgooddesign,
easeofuse,expandability(whichistheabilitytogroworchangetoaccommodatemore
contentandpages),andeaseofupdatingfortheclient.
Websites for Mobile Devices
Mobiledevicesareafactorthatcanbetakenintoconsiderationwhenbuilding
websites,butaccordingtoKevinLuttrelltheuseofmobiledevicesandtabletsdonotaffect
thewayhedevelopswebsitesathiscompany.Hestatesthatdevelopingwebsitesforother
devicesisnotapriority,sincemostsmartphonedevicesareabletorecognizecode.
Wyethdescribessomeinterestingpointsabouthowthesedevicesmayaffectthe
wayhedesignsfortheweb.“Thereisanongoingargumentoverwhetheryoushouldbuild
aseparatemobilesiteorbuildonesitethatwillexpandorcollapsetodifferentscreensizes.
Therearemanyframeworksouttherethatallowyoutobuildonce,andhavethesitere‐
sizetodifferentscreensizes…butbecauseourclientsaresodesignfocused,itcanbe
difficulttodo.”
Dependingonthesituationandpurposeofthewebsite,designingformobiledevices
maybeimportant,butforthesedevelopersattheircompaniescreatingamobilefriendly
websiteisnotnecessarilyconsideredakeypriority.
Developing websites using Flash
WyethandKevinarebothexperiencedindevelopingwebsitesusingAdobeFlash,
buttodayuseHTMLastheirprimarymethodofdevelopment.CombinedwithPHPandCSS
theyusewebsitessuchasDrupalorWordpresstomanagetheirpagestomakethemeasy
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fortheirclientstoworkwith.Althoughthesetwodesignersworkwiththesameprograms
onadailybasis,theirfeelingsaboutFlashinwebdesignareslightlycontrasting.
WiththedevelopmentofHTML5stillundergoingdevelopmentKevinLuttrell
discusseswhyFlashmaybeadvantageousinsteadofcodingwithHTML5intodaysweb
designworld.“Ilikebeingabletoenvisionsomething,codeitanditsimplyworks.No
nonsenseaboutitnotworkingonanoldbrowserorwhatever.Aslongasthepluginisupto
date,whichis90%ofbrowsershave,yourdesignworks.Plusyouhavetheabilitytouse
Adobe’sgraphicstools,importIllustratororPhotoshopfiles,whatever.Yousimplycan’tdo
thatwithHTML5.”
Ontheotherhand,WyethStilesbelievesthatthedaysofbuildingfull‐flashweb
pagesareover.Unlessawebsitehasalotofmultimediarequirements,creatingawebsitein
Flashisnotnecessary.WyethalsobringsupthatbecauseFlashisnotsupportedonmany
mobiledevices,aseparatemobilesitewouldneedtobedeveloped,whichcanbe
cumbersome.
HTML5 Thoughts
HTML5hasprovenitselftohaveapromisingfuturetotheinterviewees,butbecause
ithasnotbeenfullyintegratedintothewebthiscancauseaproblemforwebdevelopers
whoaredesigningfornow.HTML5isnotyetsuccessfullysupportedbyallolderbrowsers.
“Thechallengeisthatvariousbrowsersseetagsdifferentlyandthatmakescoding
elementsamovingtargetin“thisdoesn’twork”onbrowserX.Actuallymostofthisrelates
toCSS3butthingslikebeingforcedtoaddalaundrylistfortherightcodecforavideotag
areinfuriating.Withflashitmaybeapluginbutsomucheasiertoplaceanditworksevery
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time,”iswhatKevin’sthoughtsaboutthecurrentstatusofHTML5.BothKevinandWyatt
believethatarestillholesinHTML5thatneedtobefixedbeforeitisfullyintegrated,and
havedecidedtostandoffbutcontinuelearningofitsprogressuntilitisfurtherdeveloped.
Will HTML5 Replace Flash in the web design industry?
Thedifferenceinopinionbetweenthetwointervieweeshasbeenapparentthrough
outtheinterviewprocess.WhenaskedthespecificquestionofwhetherHTML5willreplace
Flashinthewebdesignindustry,bothagreedthatHTML5isheretostay,butcovered
severaldifferentimportantpointstothinkaboutbeforecompletelyputtingFlashtothe
side.
KevinLuttrellstatesthat“Flashisnotawebcentrictechnology,”andmakesthe
researcherrecognizetheotherimportantusesofAdobeFlashasidefromwebdesign.“Iuse
FlashforthewebbutIalsouseittomake2DanimationsandassetsthatIuseinvideo
projectsthathavenothingtodowiththeInternet…InadditionFlashisbecomingan
industrystandardforcreatingUIandMenusystemsforvideogames.”Forexample,Kevin
talksaboutFramescale,whichisacompanythathasincorporatedFlashintotheir
middlewarelinefortoolsforgamedevelopers.Framescale“givesFlashdesignersthe
abilitytoleverageFlash’spowerfulgraphicstoolsandanimationcapabilitiestocreate
designsthatareexportedintoallthemajorgameenginesandareusedforUIandmenu
systems.”KevinthenstatesthatHTML5ontheotherhandisawebcentrictechnologyand
hasnoapplicationorusagebeyondwebdesign.
Asfaraswebsitesgo,WyethbelievesthatHTML5willreplaceflash.Mostofwhat
wasdoneinthepastcannowbedonewiththingslikejQueryandCSS3,whichcomehand
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inhandwithHTML5.“AdobeiscreatingtoolslikeEdge,whichallowsyoutomaketimeline
basedanimationsinHTML5.Thatisastrongindicationthatpeoplearemovingawayfrom
flash.TheyalsohaveanewmoduleinFlash6thatallowsyoutoexportflashlibrariesand
layoutsasHTML5.”Withtheincreaseofpeopleusingmobiledevicesfortheweb,andthe
factthatFlashdoesnotworkonallsizeddevicesisalargesetbackforitsplaceinweb
design.
Summary
WyethandKevinbothhadveryinterestinginsightthroughtheirinterviews.
Althougheachofthemdifferedinopinionthroughseveraloftheirresponses,bothagreed
thatFlashwaslosingitsplaceinthewebdesignindustry.Theneedforfurther
developmentandsupportinHTML5isshowntobealargefactorinthegrowthofusagefor
HTML5,butbothagreethatonceitiscompleteditmayreplaceFlashmadewebsitesdueto
thefactthatitisnotsupportedbythegrowingmobileworld.
The Users Point Of View
Thesecondhalfoftheresearchersexperimentationprocessinvolvedthesurveying
ofafewselectedpeoplewhovaryinknowledgeandpersonalpreferencewhenitcomesto
webdesign.Ofthefollowingcategories,hereistheirreactiontoafewofthemostrelevant
categoriestotheresearchbeingdoneonthetopic.Throughthisexperimentweareableto
seehowHTML5versusAdobeFlashbuiltwebsitesmayhaveaffectedtheirreaction.
Loading Speed
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Oneofthemostrelevanttakeawaysfromthissurveywashowtheinterviewee’sfelt
abouttheloadingspeedtimeforeachofthepagestheywereassignedto.Resultswerevery
consistentforthiscategory.OutoftheHTML5websites,eachpersonstatedthattheir
websiteloadedquickly,andthattheydidnotfaceanyissues.AsforthelistofFlash
websites,everyoneseemedtohaveaproblemwithloadingspeed,whetheritbewith
openingthewebsite,orbrowsingthroughitfrompage‐to‐pageorimage‐to‐image.Oneof
thepeoplesurveyedevenquotedforoneofthewebsitestheyobserved,“Iwouldhave
clickedawayimmediatelyifitwasn’tforthissurvey.”Asmostoftheinterviewee’s
complainedsignificantlyaboutthistopic,itappearsthatloadingspeedisalargepriorityto
webusers.
Navigation & Design
Navigationandtheabilitytobrowsethroughawebsiteisveryimportanttoa
personviewingitwhiletryingtofindsignificantinformation.Becausetherearesomany
optionsofstylesonhownavigationcanbepresented,itwashardertoanalyzetheresults
fromtheinterviewee’sperspective,whichiswhytheresearcherhaschosentocombinethe
twocategories.
Thetakeaway’sfromthiscategoryoftheexperimentwastheimportanceofdesign
andnavigationforauser.Theusersearchersforeaseandsimplicityandappreciatesgood
designusinggoodcolorpalettesandreadablefonts.Convenienceappearstobekeyfor
navigation,aswebsiteswithmorecomplexdifficulttofindnavigationweremoredisliked.
Theresearchersresultsfoundthatdesignandnavigationdependpurelyonthedesigner
andhowtheyapproachthewebsiteratherthantheprogramsthattheyusetoputit
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together.Theresearcheralsorecognizedthefactthateveryindividualhasadifferenttaste
andpreferencefordesignfromthevariationofresultsinthiscategory.
Interactivity
Eachofthewebsiteshadavariationofinteractivityandanimationineachofthem.
TheFlashmadewebsitestendedtohavemoreintenseanimationswithsoundeffectsand
movingobjectsthroughoutthepage.TypicallythereasonthatpeopledesigninFlashisto
havetheabilitytousetheseanimations,sothewebsitesthattheresearcherchoseforthe
experimentwereheavyininteractivity,butstillwelldesigned.HTML5ontheotherhandis
stillcapableofalotoftheinteractivitythatisallowedinFlash,buttheresearcherfoundit
hardertofindHTML5practicalwebsitesthathavebeenbuiltusinganimationheavily.
Perhapsthisisanobservationthatcantellusthetrendsinwebdesignthat
designersandusersprefer.HTML5isamorerecentdevelopment,andthedesignersthat
designwithittendtouseanimationsmoresubtlydespitethefactthatitiscapable.Manyof
theseFlashmadewebsitesshowcasedtheinteractivitytheywerecapableof.Fromthe
websitesgiven,mostoftheinterviewee’scommentedontheinteractivityontheFlash
websitesstatingthatthesoundeffectsmayhavebeen“toomuch”and“lotsofspinning”,or
thattheanimations“gave(them)aheadache”.Althoughmostrespondedwiththatsame
response,acouplefewoftheinterviewee’sappreciatedthefactthattheFlashinteractive
websiteswerenontraditionalandfoundtheanimationsandsoundsentertaining.
Mobile Capability
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Mobileusewasalsooneofthequestionswheretheresultswereveryconsistant,
andHTML5didhavethestronghandinthissituation.Oneofthefirstthingstonoteisthat
notallmobiledevicessupportFlash.Forthosewhodidnothaveaphonethatsupported
flash,thewebsiteturnedintoplaintext,andthedesignwascompletelydismantled,making
thewebsitealmostcompletelyunusable.Outofthepeoplethatwereinterviewed,there
wasaselectfewwhowereabletoviewtheFlashwebsiteontheirphoneinandseeitinthe
exactsamedesignthatwasontheweb.Althoughthewebsiteremainedunchangedontheir
smartphone,itwasobviouslynotdesignedtobeusedonamobiledeviceandnot
controllable.EachoftheFlashwebsiteswereconsideredunusable.
TheHTML5websitesontheotherhanddidworkonthemobilephonessuccessfully.
Somedesignersfailedtomaketheirwebsitesmobilefriendlywhichwasnotedbythe
interviewees,butthosewhodidwerenoticedandapplaudedforconvenience.Othersmade
theappropriatechangestomaketheirwebsitecompletelymobilefriendlyasinthe
interfaceanddesignwerechangedfortheuseonamobilephoneratherthanacomputer
screen.Theuseofbiggerbuttonsandasimplerinterfaceiswhathelpedmakethewebsite
moremobilefriendly.
Eachoftheintervieweeswereasked“Howimportantisittoyouthatawebsitebe
mobilefriendly,andwhy?”Onascalefrom1‐10,with10beingthehighest,the
intervieweesratedtheimportancefromalevelof6to10,mostlyinthehigherrange.Here
isananswerfromAlyssaChow,a22yearoldandwhatherthoughtswereaboutthetopic.
Duetotheheightenedaccessibilityofsmartphones,Ibelievethatitisimperative
thatcompaniesinvestinR&Dtoextendtheirwebsitessothattheyareuser‐friendly
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onmobilephones.Especiallywiththecurrenttechno‐generationthatweare,Ithink
thatpeoplearebeginningtoscrutinizethelayoutsandaccessibilityofwebsiteson
theirphonestoagreaterdegreebecauseofthemanymobile‐friendlywebsitesthat
areinexistencealready.Forinstance,ifyouhadthechoicetoshoponline,you
wouldbemuchmorelikelytoviewawebsitethatismobilefriendlythanonethatis
notbecausetheefficiencyofthetimeyouspendonyourmobiledevicemakesit
moredesirabletousethemobilefriendlywebsite.Forthesakeofbusiness,itwould
beprudentofcompaniestorecognizethatthemobile‐friendlinessoftheirwebsites
couldbeabigfactorintheircontinued—ordiscontinued—success.
Manyoftheotherpeoplewhowereaskedthesamequestionrespondedinthesame
fashion,statingthat“Iusemysmartphonemorethanmylaptopanditdefinitelyhelps
havingawebsitethatismobilefriendly.”Manyothersnotedthefactthatmobilephones
anddeviceshavebecomemoreprevalentinsocietytoday,andwithsomanypeopleusing
smartphonesnowitisimportantthatwebsitesbegearedtowardsthesemobileusersin
ordertobesuccessful.
Summary
Throughtheuserspointofviewtheresearcherwasabletoidentifyseveralofthe
trendsinwebdesignthatusersexpect.Comparingeachofthedifferenttypesofwebsitesit
wasapparentthatslowloadingspeedwasnotacceptable,interactivityandgooddesignis
expected,andthatbeingabletousetheinternetonamobiledeviceisveryimportant.The
researcherisabletodrawtheconclusionsfromtheseresultsthatHTML5wastheusers
pickforthissurvey.
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Chapter 5
Conclusions
Technologyisconstantlychanging,thatisagivenfact.Whatisoverlookedisthat
technologyinallformsischanging,andforthisresearch,eachofthesechangesaffectone
another.Relianceonthewebisincreasingforallneeds,andthetechnologyweusetheweb
onisgrowingrapidlyinbothsoftwareandhardware.Thesizesofourscreenshavebecome
smaller,andthecodinghasgrownmorecomplex.Whatcomeswiththisgrowthismore
options.Everythingwewantcanbefulfilledwithafewlinesofcode.Convenienceis
literallyatourfingertipsandweareabletocontrolthewebthroughthemobiledevices
thatwecarryonaregularbasis.
HTML5isarecentdevelopmentfromthepastfewyearsthatisstillbeingdeveloped
toturnintoanewindustrystandardofcreatingwebsites.Thiscodehasthepowerto
createinteractivewebsitesinasimplermanner,andperformmuchmoretasksthanits
previousversionwascapableof.Thequestiontobeansweredthroughthisresearchwasto
determinewhetherthecapabilityofHTML5wouldeventuallyreplacetheseprogramsthat
completethesetaskscurrently(asidefromHTML4whichisassumed),thisbeingAdobe
Flash.
Afterconductingresearchandgatheringdatafromexperimentation,theresearcher
hasfoundinformationtoanswertheprecedingquestion,butnotinayesornofashion.
Itisevidentthatsocietytodaysimplyexpectsmore.Withnewtechnologies
constantlycomingout,societyautomaticallyexpectsafewgivens.Fastisneverfastenough,
convenienceisamustbecausewealreadyhavesomuchdoneforsocietybytechnology
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already,andgooddesigniswhatsocietyjudgeseachotherby.HTML5hashelpedtheweb
designindustryfulfilltheseneedsandexpectations.HTML5provideseaseofuseforthe
designerwithitssimpletags.Itprovidestheoptiontoperforminteractivityandgood
designthroughpurelycodecausingpagestoloadfaster.Thecodeisalsorecognizedby
mobiledevicesandcanbeadjustedtofitanysizescreeninagraphicallypleasingmanner.
Allofwhichcanbeperformedwithoutanexternalplugin.Ontheotherhand,AdobeFlash
hasbeenperformingthesetasksforthewebforthepastseveralyears.Ithasprovideda
placetowebdesignerstobeabletobemoreinnovativeandbringthewebtolifethrough
animationandinteractivity.
Throughresearchwehavefoundthatbothmethodsofdesigningforthewebhave
theirdownsides.HTML5hasnotbeencompletelydevelopedandfoundsupportinall
browsersisaproblemforthosewhoarenotuptodatewiththelatestInternetbrowsers.
MobiledevicesdonotsupportFlashsothisisaproblemformobileuserswhoview
websitesontheweb.
Flashhasshownitscapabilityinthewebdesignindustryandyearsagoopeneda
newlighttowebdesignandofferedanewwayoflookingattheweb.Withtherecent
developmentofHTML5,Flashhasbeguntoloserelevanceinthisparticularindustry.
HTML5isstillintheprocessofdevelopment,andtherestillbeingyearsbeforeitisfully
acceptedthroughallbrowsersorthosewhouseolderbrowsersupdatethemselves,soit
willnotbeabletocompletelyreplaceFlashanytimesoon.Flashpluginsarestillbeingused
andareoneverycomputertoaidviewers.WhatmaymakeFlashbegintodeclineand
slowlylosesupporttodayinthewebdesignindustryisitslackofsupportformobile
devicesbecauseofhowmanypeoplerelyonthemobileweb.
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HTML5hasproventhatitcanperformalotofwhatFlashwasmadetodoforthe
webdesignindustry,soperhapsyes,maybeonedayHTML5mightreplaceFlashintheweb
designworld.ThiswouldbeonlywhenHTML5hasbeencompletelysuccessfully
developedandimplementedintoeverywebbrowserbeingused.Keepinmindthatall
thoughFlashmaybedisappearingfortheweb,itwillsurelynotdisappearfromtheworld.
Flashhasmanyotherpurposesoutsideofwebdesignincludinganimationandvideogame
design,andwillbecontinuedtobeusedintheseotherindustries.
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Appendix A
Pleasepickonewebsitefromeachlistabove.
Whichwebsitesdidyoupic?
Take a moment to browse through the two websites that you chose.
Do not be concerned with the content or company of the website, the purpose of this survey is for you to look around and get a feel for the interactivity, and design of the website. Please answer the following questions below pertaining to each.
Explainyourexperiencewiththefollowingcategories.Pleasebespecificonyourexperience.
Navigation
LoadingSpeed
Design
Interactivity
Othernotes?
List#1 List#2
http://zhc.com.au/http://www.blacktie.es/http://doubleleft.com/http://www.wildrhodyseafood.com/
http://www.fogliaumberto.it/#/splash/http://www.trendypix.com/http://hrnetworking.be/http://www.insightopticians.co.uk/#/aboutus/
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Which website did you prefer, and why?
What are some things that you liked about these websites?
What are some things that you didn’t like about these websites?
Please open each of the websites on your mobile phone.
Didthewebsitesappearanydifferently?Listsomeobservations
Doesitinterferewithyourusability?
Onascaleof1‐10(1beingtheleastimportant)howimportantisittoyouthatawebsitebemobilefriendly?Andwhy?
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Appendix B
1. Howlonghaveyouworkedinthewebdesignindustry?
2. Whattypeofcustomersorcompaniesdoyoudesignfor?
3. Whatmethodandprogramsdoyouprimarilyusetobuildthewebsitesyoudesign?
Pleasebespecific
4. Whatarethebenefitsofyourprimarymethodofwebdeveloping?
5. Whataresomeobstaclesthatyoumightfaceusingthismethod?
6. Whatdoyouthinkaresomekeyfactorstocreatinganeffectivewebsite?
7. Howdomobiledevicesortabletsaffectthewayyoudevelopyourwebsite?
8. DoyouhaveexperienceusingHTML5?WhatareyourthoughtsaboutHTML5?
9. Howdomobiledevicesortabletsaffectthewayyoudevelopyourwebsite?
10. DoyouhaveexperienceusingHTML5?WhatareyourthoughtsaboutHTML5?
11. DoyouhaveexperiencedevelopingwebsitesusingFlash?Thoughts?
12. DoyoubelievethatHTML5maysomedayreplaceFlashinthewebdesignindustry?
Whyorwhynot?
Interviewee’s:
KevinBlack–CoutoSolutions,Web Developer
WyethStiles–InflightStudio,Interactive Producer
KevinLuttrell–NiteOwlStudio,Owner
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MarkW.,S.,&USA,T.(2011).AdobeendsdevelopmentofFlashformobiledevices.
USA Today.
Moren,D.(2012).AdobeCansMobileFlash.Macworld.29(2),26.
Ozer,J.(2010).HerecomesHTML5—Shouldwecare?.Eventdv,23(4),48.
Pachal,P.(2011).DoesAdobeEdgeSignaltheEndofFlash?.PC Magazine, 30(9),1‐15.
Schiller,S.(2012).IsFlashDeadYet?(Website).Retrievedfromhttp://isflashdeadyet.com/
Taft,D.K.(2011).AdobeCommitstobothFlashandHTML5.Eweek,28(17),16‐18.
WhatHTML5WillChange.(2010).Technology Review,113(6),51‐53