The role of geospatial data in residential recoveryThe role of geospatial data in residential...

The role of geospatial data in residential recovery

Dr Hugh CowanGeneral Manager ResilienceNew Zealand Earthquake Commission

6 November 2018

• NZ is on the Pacific “ring of fire” making it prone to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunami

• every year there are about 20,000 measurable earthquakes in NZ, with 100 – 150 of these large enough to be felt

• we can expect several magnitude (M) 6 earthquakes every year, an M7 earthquake every 10 years and an M8 earthquake every century

• a Lloyds report ranks NZ as the 2nd most vulnerable country out of 43 to natural hazard events

New Zealand – an active land

NZ Quake Time Series – 1820-2020

First national building code EQC created Renewed activity

EQC Reinsures

(1988)

The Earthquake Commission

• provides natural disaster insurance for residential property (contents, dwellings, and some coverage of land)

• administers the Natural Disaster Fund, including its investments and reinsurance

• funds research and education on natural disasters and ways of reducing their impact

Stronger homes, built on better land, served by resilient infrastructure, supported by affordable risk capital

EQC’s Resilience Goal

How we fund claims from disasters

Payment for claims is funded from three sources

Natural Disaster Fund

Built from premiums received as part of

insurance policy

Reinsurance

$5.4 billion of cover in place for 2018-2019 at a

premium of $179m

Crown Guarantee

EQC pays $10m per year for Crown funding to be used -

funds exhausted

The Canterbury earthquakes 2010 - 2011

The most severe test of New Zealand’s disaster relief insurance fund arrangements since 1930s

• 185 lives lost, including visitors from other countries who were in Canterbury at the time

• economic losses estimated at NZ$40 billion (20 % of GDP)

• 2.5% of New Zealand’s capital stock destroyed

• EQC received > 470,000 residential insurance claims (comprising 760,000 separate dwelling, contents and land exposures) of $11.5b

• private insurers also received almost 26,000 non-residential or commercial claims and 137,000 residential claims

Kaikoura 2016: a very different earthquake

A 7.8M earthquake on 14 November 2016

• largest recorded earthquake in New Zealand since 2009

• felt far wider around the country than the Canterbury earthquake

• State Highway 1 closed in the South Island

• buildings damaged and streets closed in Wellington

• EQC and private insurers have received 38,941 claims to date

New Zealand geospatial environmentLand Information NZ

• NZ Geospatial Office• New Zealand Geospatial Strategy • National spatial data infrastructure• Respond with aerial photography,

LiDAR and bathymetry data in significant events

Statistics NZ / DIA• Data.govt.nz – open government

data programme• Chief Data Steward (Stats NZ)

Central government & Crown entities • Police, Defence, Fire & Emergency

NZ, NIWA, MetService, GNS Science,

• Government GIS Strategies & Tools• Funding for national LiDAR

Private sector and international tools• International geospatial tools and

viewers• Engineering and private agency

datasets• Critchlows - nationally-standardised

Emergency Management Base Map

EQC• Minerva Loss Database• Kaikoura Earthquake Viewer• Funder of GeoNet and NZ

Geotechnical Database• Developing a Geospatial Strategy

NZGIS4EM• Open-source Geospatial online

community • Sharing of GIS information for

emergency management

Local and regional councils• Own GIS systems and GIS strategies

GeoNet and National Geohazards Monitoring Centre

• GeoNet earthquake monitoring• 24 hour operations centre• GNS Science

Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management

• Common Operating Picture project- a geospatial viewer for response and recovery

Geospatial data – EQC business drivers

Fundamental asset for EQC to deliver core functions –Resilience, Readiness, Response, Recovery and Corporate

• Allows information and sharing collaboration to promote better relationships with EQC customers and stakeholders.

• Allows the business to focus on understanding the customer’s situation and their geographic context.

• Supports key decision making, creates efficiencies and cost savings.

• GIS has a view for the future, enabling cloud access, research initiatives, international collaboration and live

information.

Value of GeoNet

• a modern geological hazard monitoring system for NZ

• provides an interactive map showing quake location and reported shaking

• result of a partnership, established in 2001, between EQC as investment manager and GNS Science as technical manager

• 2018 - 24 hour operation centre established and wider government funding

Impact and loss estimation

• Minerva model used to predict earthquake losses:• monitors earthquake insurance exposure, forecasts

claim numbers and amounts, and investigates the sustainability of EQC’s operations

• greater scientific input from liquefaction research

• expanding future capability to model additional perils to earthquakes

• better estimation of impacts – economic, social, financial

• new products and services to better understand and quantify natural hazard risk

New Zealand Geotechnical Database

• a searchable repository for sharing existing and new geotechnical information

• developed from the successful Canterbury Geotechnical Database

• upload data once download multiple times• fewer investigations needed – economic and environmental

benefits• funded by MBIE and EQC

Pre-Canterbury 2010

Information stored as address, imagery and paper maps

GIS viewer showed claim location and status

GeoNet – earthquake monitoring

EQC’s geospatial story

Pre-Canterbury 2010




Darfield earthquake 2010

Static maps published in newspapers

No digital system for field information

Interactive map tool - Freshmap

Land damage mapped –citywide spatial plan


Pre-Canterbury 2010









Canterbury earthquake 2011

Rapid Assessment Programme -data collected on iPads

182,093 properties assessed

EQC Property Inspection Manager – workflow tool

EQC Interactive Map – claims and progress

Building damage correlated with land damage – ‘red zones’


Pre-Canterbury 2010















2011-2017

Kaikoura earthquake 2016

EQC support Tonkin+Taylor to develop Canterbury

Geotechnical Database, later becomes NZ Geotechnical

Database

EQC claims management system – locates place of loss

with address matching

Kaikoura Earthquake Viewer –access to 100 spatial data sets


Pre-Canterbury 2010















2011-2017

Kaikoura earthquake 2016

EQC support Tonkin+Taylor to develop Canterbury

Geotechnical Database, later becomes NZ Geotechnical

Database

EQC claims management system – locates place of loss

with address matching

Kaikoura Earthquake Viewer –access to 100 spatial data sets

2018

EQC GIS Strategy

(in preparation)

GIS integrated into EQC business

EQC earthquake viewer development

GeoNet enhancement

Trusted relationships for new data


Geospatial data in the Kaikoura earthquake recovery

• 38,000 claims and >$NZ 550 million in costs (July 2018)• Kaikoura Earthquake Viewer developed - improved customer experience and claims management

The Kaikoura Earthquake Viewer

• GIS Solution – ESRI JavaScript API

• an interactive web map enabling EQC, private insurers, response and recovery agencies, engineers

and researchers to have a tailored, secure view of insurer claims alongside geospatial event data

Land damage observations - Digital Workflow

ArcGIS Collector used to capture

land damage observations

Near real-time ‘raw’ data

available via ArcGIS Portal

Data reviewed via ArcGIS Portal web app by geotechnical

specialists

Information released to the

Kaikoura EQ Viewer

• enabling efficient resource planning: the right level of resourcing and

expertise (ie structural engineers, geotechnical engineers and geologists)

could be directed to the relevant areas, minimising the number of site visits

required

• prioritisation: geospatial intelligence updated nightly to give claims priority

ranking from latest damage observations and indicator criteria. 339 were

prioritised and urgently assessed in Hurunui, Kaikoura and Marlborough

• proactive claim recognition and loss estimation: identification of areas

where damage is likely to exist, and where claims had not yet been made

Improved customer experience- evolving land damage index map

More effective triage

• helping local government predict increase in

building consents

• tracking Edgecumbe flood clean up for

Whakatane District Council

Improved communication with recovery agencies

Geospatial data challenges

• we need an integrated understanding of natural hazards

• natural hazards do not respect regulatory boundaries and data sets

• knowing where to go for authoritative data in an event – problems with multiple data viewers

• respecting privacy versus sharing claim information – need a ‘whole of recovery’ picture

• gaining access to data we need for recovery

• national level requirements:

– national base data sets and a standard address format

– greater stewardship for data sets

– responsibility for data quality and common standards

Geospatial data – recovery opportunities

Using GIS for operational planning:

• targeting resources and scaling operations

• EQC data contributing to government Common Operating Picture

• ability to ‘ingest’ unstructured GIS data eg crowd-sourced event information

• more developed GIS analytics – event, claim, location data and linkage to loss modelling

• Using GeoNet data provided to aid response and recovery

Using GIS recovery information for risk reduction:

• correlating hazard science and claims to predict future claim areas – eg slow slip landslides, weather

events

• better pre-event recovery planning, scenario development and impact estimation

• increased collaboration to connect to additional geospatial data sources and facilitate research

The Transformation Challenge

"Our ignorance is not so vast as our failure to use what

we know "

M. King Hubbert

Closing Remarks

Measurement is not the same as ManagementFactors relevant to disaster recovery:

• Performance frameworks• Service mandates• Roles and responsibilities• Referral processes• Capabilities and stewardship

Thank youACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

• John Carter, EQC Geospatial Consultant, Tonkin + Taylor

• Pam Johnston & Bridget Nofoaiga, Resilience Team, EQC

• LINZ Resilience Team

• Tonkin + Taylor

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