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![Page 1: The Role of Decision Support Systems in Natural Resource Management: Overview of the Ecosystem Management Decision Support Framework Kevin James, Heartland.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf9d1a28abf838c93c66/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Role of Decision Support Systems in Natural Resource Management:
Overview of the Ecosystem Management Decision Support Framework
Kevin James, Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network
Resource Information Management Conference, Fort Collins, ColoradoApril 19-23, 2010
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1) Decision support system characteristics
2) Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) components
3) Unified planning process
Outline
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What is a decision support system?
A computer-based system composed of a language system, knowledge system, and problem-processing system whose collective purpose is the support of decision-making activities.
- Holsapple (2003)
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Knowledge-based system
A knowledge base is a formal, typically logical, specification for the interpretation of information.
-Walters and Nielson (1998)
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Decision making process
A method that guides an individual or group through a series of tasks from problem identification and analysis to design of alternatives and selection of an alternative.
- Mintzberg et al. (1976)
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• Improve the efficiency with which assessments are conducted
• Optimize use of information
• Better integration of diverse topics
• More comprehensive analysis
• Improve the quality of assessment products
Decision support system objectives
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What is EMDS?
• Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS)
• Spatial decision support system
• Application framework in the Windows environment
• Knowledge-based decision support of ecological assessments at any geographic scale
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• EMDS Consortiumhttp://www.institute.redlands.edu/emds
• EMDS 4.1 standalone edition (ArcGIS engine)
• EMDS 4.1 ArcGIS integrated edition (ArcGIS extension)
• Full compatibility with ArcGIS 9.2, 9.3, and 9.3.1
EMDS 4.1
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Two-phase system:
1) Evaluation phase performed with logic engine:
fuzzy logic and dependency networks
2) Planning phase performed with decision engine:
rate alternatives against a set of criteria
EMDS integrated approach
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• integrates software environments
• GIS / spatial modeling
• Knowledge-based processing
• Netweaver (logic engine)
• Data acquisition manager
• Hotlink browser
• Priority Analyst (decision engine)
Image from The Redlands Institutewww.institute.redlands.edu/emds
EMDS framework
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EMDS stand alone edition
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Spatial input: study area
Multiple spatial scales:parkmanagement unitcommunity typepatch
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Tabular input: logic structureResource Attribute Indicator Indicator-2 Proposition ReferenceDO Dry oak type is in acceptable condition(union) Canopy cover Forest canopy cover is acceptable ≥ 60
OS Structure Overstory structure is acceptable(union) OS volume Overstory volume of all tree species is acceptable
(+) SC 2 BA Basal area of all tree species in size class 2 is acceptable .90 - 1.21SC 3 BA Basal area of all tree species in size class 3 is acceptable 1.25 - 2.48 - 7.02 - 9.5SC 4 BA Basal area of all tree species in size class 4 is acceptable 3.54 - 11.56SC 5 BA Basal area of all tree species in size class 5 is acceptable 2.33 - 27.52
OS density Overstory density of all tree species is acceptable(+) SC 2 density Density of all tree species in size class 2 is acceptable 27 - 40 - 145 - 173
SC 3 density Density of all tree species in size class 3 is acceptable 17 - 33 - 100 - 146SC 4 density Density of all tree species in size class 4 is acceptable 27 - 93SC 5 density Density of all tree species in size class 5 is acceptable 10 - 110
OS composition(+) AcerSacc
TiliAmerCarya spp Relative basal area of Carya species is acceptable .001 - .20QuerAlbaQuerRubrQuerMacr
Oak regeneration Oak regeneration is acceptable(union) Oak seedling RD Relative density of oak seedlings is acceptable .001 - .111
Oak SC 1 RD Relative density of oak trees in size class 1 is acceptable .001 - .514US structure Understory guild representation is acceptable(union)
native grass Foliar cover of native grass is acceptable .05 - 3.3native forbs Foliar cover of native forbs is acceptable 4.7 - 55.9native grass-like Foliar cover of native grass-like species is acceptable .05 - 17.5fern Foliar cover of fern species is acceptable .05 - 3.1native woody Foliar cover of native woody species is acceptable 12.4 - .4non-native Foliar cover of non-native species is acceptable 7.2 - .1
SC5 density
10 110
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Netweaver logic model
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Spatial evaluation
SC5 density
10 110
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Hotlink browser: explaining results
• Evaluated logic model
• Derivation of conclusions
• Explore the dependency network
• Increases transparency of results
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• Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis component• Uses output from the logic evaluation and a decision model. • Rates landscape elements with respect to
– their condition, and– factors related to the feasibility and efficacy of management.
Priority Analyst (PA)
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Aspatial output
Spatial output
Priority analyst output
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Ecosystem management: philosophical
Adaptive management: operational
Strategic planning: methodology
Natural resource management
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Adaptive, coherent planning
Evaluation withsingle model
Generatealternatives
Implementselected alternative
ID key questionsand data needs
Reviseimplementation
Unified approach to evaluation adds coherence through institutional memory.
Applies to initial condition, alternatives, andplan performance.
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A single unified model for planning
• Assess current condition– Context for planning (where are we starting from?)
• Evaluate alternative strategies– A framework for synthesizing results of scenarios– Harvest scheduling, vegetation modeling, etc.
• Priority analysis for more tactical decisions– Which activities to do where?
• Evaluate plan implementation– How well is the plan working?
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EMDS Consortium
• Pacific Northwest Research Station, USFS– System design & project oversight
• ESRI, primary contractor – ArcGIS implementation
• Rules of Thumb, Inc.– Netweaver logic engine
• InfoHarvest, Inc.– Priority Analyst engine
http://www.institute.redlands.edu/emds