The Role of CONEVAL in Monitoring and Measuring Equity and its Impact on the

Development of Equitable Public Policies

“Institutional Frameworks for Social Equity Monitoring and Improving the Effectiveness of Public Policies in

Promoting Equity”

Ricardo Aparicio

AlgeriaDecember 15-16, 2014

Multidimensional poverty measurement: key elements

Relevant dimensions

• Constitutional rights

Unit of analysisIndividuals

• Human rights titularities

• (Universality Principle)

Poverty thresholds• At least

one social deprivation

• (IndivisibilityPrinciple)

Dimensions thresholds• Legal

standards

• Institutional criteria

Weightings

• Same importance dimensions

• (Interdependence Principle)

Multidimensional measurement: properties

Dimension decomposability

1Population groups decomposability

2Comparability across time

3

Identification of priority population

groups

• Children and adolescents

• Indigenous

• Elderly

• Gender

Priority population groups in promoting equity

• Federal

• State

• Municipality

• Place of residence

Population

Regions

Equity

All persons should

be included

Poverty indicators, 2012

03

Vulnerable by social deprivation28.6 %

33.5 millionAverage: 1.8 social deprivations

Vulnerable by income6.2 %

7.2 million

5 24 16

Population not poor and not vulnerable

19.8 %23.2 million

Poverty

Urban = $1,125 Rural = $800

Urban = $2,329 Rural = $1,490

Moderate poor35.7%

41.8 millionAverage: 2.0

social deprivations

Extreme poor9.8%

11.5 millionsAverage: 3.7 social deprivations

MWL

Well-b

ein

gIn

com

e

EWL

Social rightsSocial deprivation 45.5 %

53.3 millionAverage: 2.4

social deprivations Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-ENlGH 2012

Percentage of population in poverty, by federal state, 2012

CHIAPAS

03

Vulnerable by social deprivation17.2%

869.7thousandsAverage: 2.0 social deprivations

Vulnerable by income1.7 %

87.6 thousands

5 24 16

Population not poor and not vulnerable

6.4 %324.5 thousands

Urban = $1,125 Rural = $800

Urban = $2,329 Rural = $1,490

Moderate poor42.5%

2,153.1 thousandsAverage: 2.2

social deprivations

Extreme poor32.2%

1,629.2 thousandsAverage: 3.8 social deprivations

MWL

Well-b

ein

gIn

com

e

EWL

Social rightsSocial deprivation

Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-ENlGH 2012

Percentage of population in poverty for different population groups, Mexico, 2012

National Children and adolescents Indigenous Rural residence0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

35.7 41.7 41.7 40.1

9.812.1

30.621.5

Moderate poverty Extreme poverty

Poverty: 45.5%

Poverty: 53.8%

Poverty: 61.6%

Poverty: 72.3%

Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-ENlGH 2012

Percentage of population by social deprivation and income, 2010-2012

Social deprivations 2010 2012

Educational gap 20.7 19.2

Access to health services 29.2 21.5

Access to social security 60.7 61.2

Access to basic services of housing 22.9 21.2

Housing quality and spaces 15.2 13.6

Access to food 24.8 23.3

Income 2010 2012

Population with an income lower than the minimum well-being line (MWL) 19.4 20.0

Population with an income lower than the economic well-being line (EWL) 52.0 51.6

Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-ENlGH 2010 y 2012

Change in the number of people in poverty, 2010-2012

Population with

income below

than the economic well-being line (EWL)

Population with income below than

the minimum well-being line (MWL)

Housing quality and spaces

Access to basic services of housing

Educational gap

Access to food

Access to social

security

Social deprivation

Access to health services

Millio

n o

f peo

ple

Poverty

201046.1 %

52.8 million

201245.5 %

53.3 million

Extreme poverty

201011.3 %

13.0 million20129.8%

11.5 million

Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-ENlGH 2010 y 2012

Poverty and extreme poverty by municipality, Mexico, 2010

Rangos

[ 0 - 30 ] [ 30 - 50 ] [ 50 - 70 ] [ 70 - 100 ]

Total de municipios

97 347 790 1222

Percentage of population in extreme poverty by municipality, México 2010

Percentage of population in poverty by municipality, Mexico 2010

Rangos

[ 0 - 20 ] [ 20 - 40 ] [ 40 - 60 ] [ 60 - 85 ]

Total de municipios

1250 668 390 148

2,012 municipalities: 50 percent or more of its population is poor.338 municipalities: most people are extremely poor.

Source: CONEVAL estimations based on the MCS-ENIGH 2010 and Sample Census of Population and Housing 2010.

Usefulness of the measurement for public policy recommendations

Priority population groups

and regions

- Analytic spaces

- Social deprivations

- Federal, state and municipality levels results

Povert

y

measu

rem

en

t

-Social policies design and implementation

-Unfulfilled human rights erradication

-Specific recommendations for each sector involved in social development

SocialInclusion

Institutionalizing multidimensional poverty measurement

To guarantee full exercise of the social rights -Target population: people in poverty

Participation of all 17 Federal Ministries-Target Population: people in extreme poverty and food deprivation

Mexico Incluyente Axis-Average number of social deprivations among people in extreme poverty-People in extreme poverty and food deprivation

NationalDevelopment

Plan 2013-2018

Sector Program on Social

Development

National CrusadeAgainst Hunger

Better law articulation

National Development Plan, 2013-2018

Social Development

Law

FinanceCoordination

Law (2014)

Averageof social

deprivationsof peoplein

extreme poverty

Povertymeasurement

Fund for Social Infrastructure at

the State and Municipality

Levels

Constitutional Autonomy to ConevalConsolidate the autonomy and

independence of the government structures

Poverty measurem

ent

Social development policy

evaluation

Recommen-

dations

Report extreme poverty of food

Report complementary indicators

Mandatory use for federal, state and municipal authorities

Also…

Institutional collaboration: CONEVAL-UNICEF

General Law for Protection

of Children and

Adolescents

Evaluation by

CONEVAL

To sum up

Social inclusion and equity1

Multidimensional poverty: A useful tool

Institutionalizing for improvement of social policies and quality of life

2

3

¡Merci!

Thank you!

¡Gracias!

Contact information

Ricardo AparicioDirector, Poverty Analysis

rcaparicio@coneval.gob.mx

Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social(CONEVAL)

Boulevard Adolfo López Mateos No.160. Coll. San Ángel Inn, Delegación Álvaro Obregón, C.P. 01060, México, D.F

www.coneval.gob.mx