The Roaring Twenties! - Welcome to Social Studies!mrsfusaro.weebly.com › uploads › 2 › 2 › 8...
Transcript of The Roaring Twenties! - Welcome to Social Studies!mrsfusaro.weebly.com › uploads › 2 › 2 › 8...
The Roaring Twenties!
DONOW:WHATDOYOUTHINKLIFEWASLIKEINTHE1920S?MAKEANEDUCATEDGUESSINABOUT3SENTENCES.
“The Roaring Twenties”aka the “Jazz Age”
Adecadeof“lettingloose” afterreturningtonormalcyattheendofWWI:◦Normalcy:toreturntoatimewhenthingsweresimpler- didn’twanttoworryaboutwarorotherproblems
◦ politicsbecamemoreconservative (ashiftbacktoanisolationist policy),butsocietywasmoreliberal
◦ Jazzmusicandartcultureflourish
Prohibition:abanontheproduction,sale,distributionandconsumptionofalcohol.
Allwet Totallywrong
bird 1- odd2- a
woman
dame Awoman keen Attractiveor
appealing
Andhow! I agree!
bootleg Illegalalcohol;fake
doll Anattractivewoman
neck kissing
Balledup confusedbreezer A
convertiblecar
Dolledup All dressedup
nifty Great,excellent
Bologna/baloney nonsense
Bumpoff Tomurderorkill
Don’tknowfromnothin'
Don’tknow/
don’thaveinfo
On thelam
Ontherun(frompolice)
Beatit! Scram;getlost
caper AcrimeDouble-cross Tocheator
stab intheback
Onthelevel
legit
Bee’sKnees
Reallyawesome
Carryatorch
Tohaveacrush
dough money pill Acrab;anunlikeableperson
Beef Acomplaintor problem
Cat’smeow
Somethingstylish
Dryup Shutup,getlost
Pipedown
Bequiet
Beeswax businessciggy cigarette ducky Verygood Rag-a-
muffinMessyordisshevele
dindividual
Bellbottom
Asailor clam Adollar flapper Astylish,modernyoungwoman
razz Tomakefunof
Bigcheese
Theboss copaceticWonderful,
fine,alright
Hotsy-totsy
pleasing scram Getlost
1920s:TheJazzAgehttp://pbskids.org/chuck/index.html#/jazz
Businessescanmakegoodsfasterandin
greaterquantities
Neededmoreworkersfortheassemblylines
Priceofgoodscanbelowered
becauseproductioncostsarelowered
Reducedpricesandmoreworkleadstomorepeoplewhocanbuyluxuryitems
Businessescontinuetomakemoney
Theassemblylineleadstoaconsumersociety
InstallmentBuying•”Buynow,paylater”
•Smallpaymentsupfront(downpayment)andthensmallmonthlypayments(installments)untilthecostplusinterest ispaidoff
•HelpspeopleaffordthingsNOWthattheywouldotherwisebeunabletoaffordimmediately
•Problem:wrackedupalotofdebt
TheStockMarket
§Stock =ashareofabusiness
§stockholder/shareholder/investor=someonewhohasinvestedmoneyintoacompanyandnowownsapartofthebusiness§ Businessesneedaninvestorsmoneytohelpthebusinessgrow(newsupplies,biggerbuildings,moreemployees,newtechnology.Etc…)
§ Themoneyfromstocksisputintothecompanytohelpitgrow
§Ifthebusinessdoeswell=investorsearnprofits$$$
§Ifthebusinessfails=theylosetheirinvestment
§StocksareboughtandsoldinaStockMarket
§Buyingonmargin: likeinstallmentbuyingofproducts- gettingastockonapaymentplanandnotpayingforitinfullupfront.Notaproblemifthestockissuccessful-theinvestorearnsmoneyquicklyandpaystheirdebt.§Butwhatifthestockfails?
TheStockMarketBULLMARKET BEARMARKET
PresidentWarrenG.Harding•29th president- wanteda“returntonormalcy”•Preferredisolation andlaissezfaireeconomics-supportedpro-businesspolicies
•Presidencybecameknownforcorruptionandscandal:• ”TheOhioGang”-membersofHarding’sCabinetwhowerefriendsandtookadvantageoftheirpower
• TeapotDomeScandal: AlbertFall,SecretaryoftheInterior,acceptedbribesfromoilcompaniesandallowedthemtodrillonfederallandinTeapotDome,Wyoming.BecamethefirstCabinetmembertogotoprisonforacrime.
• HardinghimselfwashonestandnotcorruptbuthemadebadchoicesforhisCabinet
• Hardingdiedofaheartattackin1923- VicePresidentCalvinCoolidgetakesover
PresidentCalvinCoolidge•30th President- “SilentCal”•Veryfrugal(tightwithmoney)andreserved
•Goal:tobringhonorbacktothepresidencyafterthescandalsofHarding’sterm• ForcedtheOhioGangtoresign,setupaspecialcommissiontoinvestigateotherscandalsandpunishoffenders
• Ranandwaselectedin1924• LikeHarding:verypro-business,supportedalaissezfaireeconomicpolicyandareturntoisolationism
TheAutomobileAssemblylineproduction reducesthetimeandcosttomakeproducts(includingcars)– theycanbeofferedcheaperthaneverbefore,andtheaverageAmericancannowownone
Otherindustriesexperienceaboom,too:• Steel,rubber,paint,glass,oil,• Leadsto:pavingnewroadsandparkways,gasstations,cardealerships,roadsiderestaurants,mechanicshops
Prohibition- the18th Amendment“TheNobelExperiment”
Prohibition:abanonthesale,productionandconsumptionofalcohol
Purpose:reformersbelievedthatitwouldreturnAmericatoamoretraditional,wholesome,moralwayoflifeWoman’sChristianTemperanceUnion(WCTU): bigsupportersofprohibition
1919:TheEighteenthAmendmentwaspassed,officiallyestablishingprohibition
TheVolsteadAct: Allowedfederalandstategovernmentstopunishpeopleforviolatingthe18th Amendment
LifeDuringProhibition
Bootleggers: peoplewhosmuggledalcoholillegally
Bathtubgin:nicknameforillegallymadealcohol
Speakeasy:illegalbarsthatservedalcoholduringProhibition
rum-runner: peoplewhocollecteddebtsandmadedeliveriesofalcohol
Prohibitionisrepealedin1933withtheTwentyThirdAmendment
TheRiseofOrganizedCrimeGangs of criminals who operated like a business- protecting territory and engaging in illegal activity, mainly alcohol
Usingtheweb,definetheeffectsthatthe18th AmendmenthadonAmericanculture.
Video!http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/bet-you-didnt-know-prohibition
https://youtu.be/_CE4u6jI_rc
19th Amendment: gavewomentherighttovote(suffrage)LeagueofWomenVoters: EstablishedbyCarrieChapmanCatttoorganizeandeducatevotersandtoguaranteeadditionalrightsforwomen.Duringthe1920s,womenservedasdelegatesforpoliticalconventionsandwereelectedtostateoffices.AlicePaul lobbiedforanEqualRightsAmendment toaddressotherformsofdiscriminationagainstwomen.ItwaspassedbyCongressbutneverratifiedbythestates.
SocialChangesforWomen
WomenworkoutsidethehomeafterWWIingreaternumbers:
TheFlapper
Flapper:nicknameforawomanwhodidn’tfollowtraditionalfemaleroles;woreshorter,tighterclothing,makeup,drank,smoke,wasmoreliberalthanpreviousgenerations
NativisminAmericaNativism: ThisbeliefthatAmericashouldbereservedforonlythosewhitepeoplewhowerebornhere
TheGreatMigration: 500,000AfricanAmericansmovetothenorthforfactoryjobswhilesoldiersareatwar.Mostly,themorediversecitieswereembracedbymany;however,noteveryoneagreed:• TheKuKluxKlan(KKK) re-emergesduringthe1920s:attackedAfricanAmericans,Jews,Catholics,immigrants.
• “OneHundredPercentAmericanism”- KKK’sbeliefinastrict,traditionalAmericanwayoflife- non-whiteswereruiningthislifestyle
MarcusGarvey: AfricanAmericancivilrightsleaderwhounifiedblacksunderthefirstAfricanAmericannationalistmovement.Encourageda“BacktoAfrica”movementthatwasunsuccessful
”TheInvisibleEmpire”
ADecadeofFear:Capitalismvs.Communism
CAPITALISM
Individualcitizens haveownershipofbusinessesandresources
Individualcitizensearnprivatewealth- doesn’tneedtobeshared
”Freemarket”
COMMUNISM
Thegovernment hasownershipofbusinessesandresources
Wealthisshared andthereisnoindividualwealth,nosocialclasses
“Collectiveownership”
“TheRedScare”•Anationwidefearofcommunistsandother“extreme”groups
•Fueledbyfearandnativism•Targetedmainlyatimmigrantsandgreatlyaffectedlaborunions
•FederalBureauofInvestigations(FBI):newofficeestablishedbyMitchellPalmerandheadedbyJ.EdgarHoovertohuntdownsuspectedanarchistsandcommunistssuspectedofplottingrevolutions
•PalmerRaids: Over6,000peoplearrestedanddeported;ultimatelynoevidenceofarevolutionwasfound
LimitingImmigrationinthe1920s•AfterWWI,manyEuropeanswantedtostartoverinAmerica
•ManyAmericansfearedtoomanynewcomers
•EmergencyQuotaActof1921:AllowedonlyacertainnumberofpeoplefromeachcountryintotheU.S.- only3%ofthepeoplefromanationalityalreadyinthecountryin1910couldbeadmitted• FavoredNorthernEuropeans,especiallytheBritish
• DiscriminatedagainstEasternEuropeans
SaccoandVanzetti•TwoItalianimmigrantsandadmittedanarchistswhowereaccused,convictedandeventuallyexecuted-robberyandmurder
•Verylittleevidenceagainstthem,prejudicedjudge-convictionfueledbyfear
•HighlightsthelengthstheU.S.wouldgotoinlimitingConstitutionalrightsduringtheRedScare
Traditionalistsv.ModernistsTRADITIONALISTSBELIEVED:
•America’sproblemswerecausedbyabusingalcohol,accesstonewinventionsthat“spoiled”people
•Wantedtoreturntoatimewhenthingsweresimple,moretraditional,moremoral
•Weremostlyolder,fromruralsmalltowncommunities,Christian
MODERNISTSBELIEVED:
•Inmoreliberalideas,moretolerantofbehaviorsthattraditionalistsfrownedupon-gambling,drinking,casualdating
•Wereoftenfromcities,moreexposuretodifferentcultures,languages,thearts
TheScopes“Monkey”Trial1925:JohnScopes,ascienceteacherinTN,putontrialforteachingthetheoryofevolution• Thebeliefthatplantsandanimalsevolved,ordevelopedfrom,lowerformsoflife
• IllegaltoteachbecauseitcontradictedtheBible
• WilliamJenningsBryan- prosecutoragainstScopes
• ClarenceDarrow- Scopes’defenseattorney
• Convicted,buteventuallyoverturned.Trialhighlightedthemajordifferencesbetweentraditionalistsandmodernistsofthedecade
TheHarlemRenaissanceRenaissance:rebirth
Harlem:neighborhoodinNYC’sUpperWestSide
Originallybuilttobeawealthywhiteneighborhood,butwastoocongestedandpropertyvaluesfell.Blacksmovedininstead,anditbecameahubforAfricanAmericanculture:• Writers,artists,musicians,painters,sculptors,scholarsallflockedtotheneighborhoodtobepartoftheexchangeofcultureandideaswithintheAfricanAmericancommunity
LangstonHughesPoet,Author
I,too,singAmerica.
Iamthedarkerbrother.
Theysendmetoeatinthekitchen
Whencompanycomes,
ButIlaugh,
Andeatwell,
Andgrowstrong.
Tomorrow,
I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
"Eat in the kitchen,“
Then.
Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed--
I, too, am America.
This poem was written in the 1920s after Hughes was
denied passage on a ship because of the color of his
skin
Jazzofthe1920s•AculturalcombinationofAfrican,French,SpanishandEnglish
•RhythmicAfricanbeatswithEuropeaninstruments
•BeganinNewOrleans,LAandmigratedwithAfricanAmericanstocitieslikeNewYorkandChicago
•DukeEllington,LouisArmstrong
•http://pbskids.org/chuck/index.html#/jazz
•https://youtu.be/BB_DmFz6Xoc