UNITED STATES HISTORYINTENSIVE REVIEW

for theSouth Carolina

United States History and the Constitution

End of Course (EOC) Exam

Wren High SchoolMay 15 2012

Standard 5Standard 5.1

Change from Isolationism to Imperialism Based on Social Darwinism

Isolationism to Imperialism

Westward Expansion of the mid 1800s

American Expansion of the late 1800's

Causes

Manifest Destiny Social Darwinism

Isolationism : Concerning yourself with your own country instead of foreign affairsImperialism: Expanding to gain new lands and resourcesAmerican expansionism was also influenced by the domestic tensions of the 1890’s, Social Darwinism and a growing population. In order to protect American markets and spread Christianity around the world the United States constructed an empire.

One negative result of American expansionism was that some foreign countries resisted the American interference.

Define Social Darwinism: The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals

Standard 5.2

Spanish American War

Causes Territories gained Results

1 Treaty Agreement 1 Puerto Rico 1

2 Treaty Agreement 2 Guam 2

3 Purchased from Spain 3 Philippines 3

4 Taken From Spain 4 Cuba 4

5 Annexed Empty Territory 5 Wake Island 5

What was the world view of the U.S.? “Champion of Liberty” or “Colonial Power”

The fight over the PhilippinesImperialist Anti-Imperialist

_____________________ opened trade with China. Some Chinese resented the American presence and revolted in an event that was known as the ___________________________.

Standard 5.3

American Imperialist PoliciesRoosevelt Taft Wilson

"Big Stick Diplomacy" Use force or the threat

of it.

"Dollar Diplomacy" Use money to influence

outcome

"Moral Diplomacy" Teach them to elect good moral people

The Roosevelt Colliery established the U.S. as the “policeman” In Latin America.

The United States helped Panama gain independence from Colombia in order to gain access rights to construct the Panama Canal during Roosevelt’s administration.

The U.S. imperialist policies caused revolts in Latin America and Asia.

Standard 5.4World War I

Major Causes of the war (M.A.I.N.A)1. M. Militarism 2. A. Alliances 3. I. Imperialism 4. N. Nationalism5. A. Assassination

The “spark” was the assassination of Austrian Archduke

When was the war? 1914 - 1918

From 1914 until 1917 the U.S policy was Neutrality , because the U.S. did not want to enter the war.

Why did the U.S. enter the war?

1. Sinking of the RMS Lusitania 2. Zimmerman Note3. Unrestricted German Submarines 4. Supplying the British

The most important new weapon of World War I was the Airplane.The U.S. helped bring the war to an end by using the Third Army to give the Allied army a boost and stop the last major German push of the war.

Most Americans supported the war due to Propaganda that portrayed the Germans as “Huns”. The government also passed the Sedition Acts in order to curb anti war statements on the home front.

The creation of the U.S.S.R and anti-immigrant sentiment carried over after the war and led to a Red Scare

Wilson intended to “make the world safe for democracy” and issued his 14 Points as a plan for peace after the war.

President Wilson also wanted to create a League of Nations in order to stop future wars.

Paris Peace Conference

The Treaty of Versailles officially ended the war.

Great Britain, France, and Italy sought to punish Germany for World War I by including Blaming Germany and Reparation payments in the treaty.

President Wilson was able to convince the European leaders to include the 14 Points in the treaty.

The map of Europe was redrawn based on the idea of Nations, but this could not accommodate the ethnic complexity of the region and eventually led to the start of WWII.

Standard 5.5United States Reaction to the Treaty

The U.S. Senate failed to ratify the treaty and never joined the League of Nations because they feared the U.S. would be drawn into future conflicts.

U.S. foreign policy turned to Isolationism after the war.

Standard 6Standard 6.1

The Roaring Twenties and Harlem Renaissance

The Roaring Twenties

Mass Production Henry Ford Assembly Line

Household Appliances

Aviation Charles Lindbergh (Pilot)

1920s Literature

Harlem Renaissance The “Lost Generation”Langston Hughes

An outpouring of African-American literature, art, and poetry

F. Scott FitzgeraldThe Great Gatsby

Ernest Hemingway

The Entertainment Industry

Radio The Movies

Jazz

Movies like Rise of a Nation influenced cultural attitudes. The popularity of Birth of a Nation is partially responsible for the re-emergence of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s.

Twenties Culture

Flappers – Women who wanted to shock society by cutting hair short wearing short dresses

Nativism - Prejudice against all who were not born in America

Standard 6.2

[First] Red Scare Immigration Quota Acts Sacco and Vanzetti TrialReflected American fears of a Communist takeover following the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

Placed quotas on immigration from Asia and Eastern Europe (New Immigrants)

Two Italian immigrants were found guilty of murder and executed based on questionable evidence of guilt

[Second] Ku Klux Klan

Provided an outlet for nativist sentiment against African Americans, Jews and Catholics in addition to continuing the First Klan’s commitment to white supremacy. The Klan’s membership exceeded four million in the 1920s, and the organization was strongest in the Midwest (Indiana, Ohio, etc.)

The Scopes “Monkey” Trial

Fundamentalism: Strict Adherence to a doctrine e.g. Christianity

The Tennessee legislature passed a law forbidding the teaching of Charles Darwin’s theory of Evolution in public schools. John Scopes, a substitute teacher and football coach, taught a lesson on evolution so that the town of Dayton, Tenn., could host a trial.

William Jennings Bryan, a Fundamentalist, volunteered to prosecute the case against Scopes. He was opposed by Clarence Darrow, who represented the American Civil Liberties Union.

FACT: The phrase, “Monkey Trial,” was coined by H.L. Mencken, a reporter covering the trial for the Baltimore Sun.

Standard 6.3The Great Depression

DEBT“Easy Money” Policies Overconsumption Stock Market Speculation

During the 1920s, the Federal Reserve kept interest rates low, which encouraged borrowing.

Consumers borrowed money to pay for new appliances and other consumer goods, purchasing these items on credit.

Since the stock market was doing so well, many people borrowed money to speculate in the market. Borrowing money to invest in stocks is called buying on the Margin.

By the late 1920s, consumers had so much debt that they could no longer pay for expensive consumer goods, which lowered demand. This resulted in overproduction, resulting in decreased profits for companies.

STOCK MARKET Crash (1929)

“Hoovervilles” The Dust Bowl Unemployment

Shanty Towns Dust Storms in the West Skyrockets to near 25%

President Herbert Hoover tried many things, such as increasing tax rates and the tariff, but his efforts failed to bring about recovery. Many historians contend that Hoover’s meddling only made things worse, while others criticize him for not doing enough. Hoover rejected the idea of DIRECT RELIEF (payments from the government to individuals).

Standard 6.4The New Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Wife: Eleanor

The “Darkest Days”

Bank Shut Down

The “Three R’s” of the New Deal:

Successful?

Relief

Reform

Recovery

WPA, CCC

FDIC

Took WWII

FDR’s Alphabet Soup (New Deal Agencies created by the FDR administration)

“HUNDRED DAYS” (FIRST NEW DEAL) LEGISLATION

AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Administration

FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

NRA: National Recovery Administration

SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission

TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority

SECOND NEW DEAL LEGISLATION

NLRB:National Labor Relations Board Established by the Wagner Act

SSA: Social Security Act

Criticisms of the New DealFrom the “Left” From the “Right”

Huey Long, Townsend, Father Coughlin: Didn’t do Enough Former President Hoover: Too much

Government Intervention

The Supreme Court and the New Deal

In Schechter v. United States (1935), the Supreme Court declared the National

Recovery Act Unconstitutional. This is an example of judicial Review a principle established by John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison.

In response to the Supreme Court’s ruling, FDR presented a plan to Congress to Enlarge the Supreme Court, which would

have allowed the president to appoint more justices to the Court. This plan undermined the system of Checks and Balances that are enshrined in

the U.S. Constitution. Congress rejected the “court packing” plan, handing FDR his first major legislative defeat

Standard 7Standard 7.1

World War II

Totalitarianism

Fascist regimes took control in German and Italy during the 1930’s due to the results of WWI, the impact

of the Treaty of Versailles, and the world wide Depression.

Fascism was a radical authoritarian nationalist ideology that was adopted by Mussolini in Italy.

American Neutrality (1933-1941)

Hitler Militarizes Germany and Expands Germany’s Borders

European response U.S. Response

Appeasement Neutrality “Giving in to avoid war” “Isolationist policies” driven by the fear

of war and the memories of WWI

Hitler’s invasion of Poland violated the Munich Agreement and ended the European Policy of Appeasement.

Roosevelt (FDR) used Lend and Lease Act as ways to circumvent the U.S. Neutrality Acts of the 1930’s. Roosevelt’s commitment to halting German and Japanese aggression is evident by his signing of the Declaration of War

America at War (1941-1945)

The U.S. officially entered WWII when the Japanese Navy launched its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on

December 7th, 1941

WWII Alliances

THE ALLIES THE AxisUnited States

Leader: FDRGermany Leader: Hitler

Soviet Union

Leader: StalinItaly Leader: Mussolini

Britain

Leader: ChurchillJapanLeader: Tojo

Decisive Battles

European Theater Pacific TheaterOperation Overlord

Allied invasion of North France

Patton = America’s response to blitzkrieg

Battle of Midway

U.S. Pacific Fleet destroyed ______ Japanese aircraft carriers – the Battle of Midway is often called the “turning point” of the naval war in the Pacific

___-Day Battle of ________ ___________

Allied invasion of ______________, in Northern France – opened the “Western Front,” setting up an allied invasion of Germany

Capturing Iwo Jima provided a base for U.S. heavy bombers to strike the Japanese mainland.

Battle of the _______________

Allied troops halted the last major German offensive

Battle of _______________

Provided a base for the invasion of Japan – casualties in the hundreds of thousands (including around 100,000 civilian casualties)

The Bomb

August, 1945 – After demanding an unconditional surrender from Japan and making it clear that continued resistance would bring about massive destruction, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on the cities of _________________ and _________________.

Japan surrendered a few days after the bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.

“The Buck Stops ___________________”

Why did President Harry Truman drop atomic bombs instead of invading Japan?

______________________________________________________________

Standard 7.2

The Home Front

_________________________ - gov’t raised money with people making “safe” investments

Rationing -____ ____________________________________________________________________

Victory Gardens: ___________________________________________________________________

Women: _________________________________ and ___________________________________

African Americans still faced ______________________________ in the workforce and armed forces.

Japanese Americans: Discrimination shown by ________________________________

Standard 7.3

The Big Three

FDR Churchill Stalin

Standard 7.4The Holocaust

In the 1930s, the National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party became the ruling party in Germany. The Nazis, led by Adolf ________________, were anti-__________________ and passed several laws

limiting the rights of Jews. On ____________________________, meaning “The Night of Broken Glass,” the Nazi regime orchestrated mob violence against Jewish businesses and synagogues (places of

worship).

The __________________________, otherwise known as the “Final Solution,” was the German plan to eliminate the Jews.

After the war 24 Nazi war criminals were prosecuted at the _______________________ Trials.

Impact of WWII

New Technologies: _______________________, _________________________,

___________________, ____________________, _____________________________.

Producing this new technology created more __________________, and caused the American __________________________ of living to increase.

The postwar period also saw improvements in __________________________ which enabled

Americans to be vaccinated against diseases and caused the mortality rate to decrease.

The prosperity of the postwar period also caused improvements in agricultural technology with the development of ____________________ and ______________________ which increased food

production.

Standard 7.5Cold War-Foreign Policy

_____________________ period of tension between the free world and communist world.

How did the US try to CONTAIN the spread of communism?

___________________________ 3. _______________________________

___________________________ 4. _______________________________

GERMANY

Divided: _____East___________________vs ______West____________________Supported by: ______________________ _________________________ *Tried to blockade Berlin *Responded by ____________Built the _______________

CHINA

Divided: ____ _Communist ________ vs ______Nationalist__________________Supported by: _______________________________________________________ Location: ________________________________________________________ Leader _________________ _____________________

KOREA

Divided: _____ North ______________ vs ______South____________ - Supported by: _____________________ _________________________

**Attacked First -General ---_________ jumped in on the north side

MIDDLE EAST

_______________was created due to the Holocaust and supported by _____________ __

___________________gave money/support to any nation in Middle East that resisted communism.

IN THE SKYSpy Planes - ____________________ shot down over USSR and ruined peace talks

Space Race - ____________________ 1st satellite in orbit by the _______________

President ___________________ started Space Race to put ________________________

CUBA *New Revolutionary leader ___________________________

* Supported by: _________________

USA planned an invasion ___________________________ under President _______________.

USSR was caught by _____________ photographs putting nuclear bombs in Cuba.

USA blockaded Cuba which led to the ____________________________________

Standard 7.6Contemporary America

Social and Political Changes in post War America

_________________ passed to help servicemen adjust to post war world.

_________________ explosion of birthrate after WWII

People moved out of the cities to the ______________________________. This was accelerated by

Eisenhower’s ________________________________ which constructed the Interstate Highway system.

Demand for goods caused an increase in production that helped recreate a ______________________

where people purchased goods to satisfy their “wants”. This included buying items for recreation like

____________.

The Supreme Court ruled to allow__________________, to end _____________________.

The consumer culture and the Supreme Court Rulings helped to ____________________ American

Society and this eventually leads to the reemergence of _______________________________. By the

1970s political organizations like the _______________________ and ____________________ were

created to elect “Moral Candidates”

The Women’s Rights movement was aided by the publication of ________________________ by Betty

Freidan.

Impact of WWIINew Technology: _______________________, _________________________, ___________________,

____________________, _____________________________.

Producing this new technology created more __________________, and caused the American

__________________________ of living to increase.

The postwar period also saw improvements in __________________________ which enabled

Americans to be vaccinated against diseases and caused the mortality rate to decrease.

The prosperity of the postwar period also caused improvements in agricultural technology with the

development of ____________________ and ______________________ which increased food

production.

Standard 8.1 Civil Rights Movement

Martin Luther King--

Malcolm X—

Major events/protest tactics_____________________ __________,_____________________________

__________________________, ___________________________, _____________________________

_________________________Case overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson case, and outlawed segregation in

the public school system.

____________________, segregation by law. _____________________ segregation by fact

President Truman’s support for the Civil Rights Movement Caused a new party to emerge called the

_____________________________. _________________________ party support of civil rights

legislation and Nixon’s southern strategy caused the South to move from the Democratic Party to the

________________________ Party.

The Civil Rights Movement also had an impact on the ________________ rights movement with the

passage of the ___________________________. The land mark Supreme Court cases of _________

_____________, and _____________________ further protected the rights of accused.

Standard 8.2/8.3

VIETNAM

Divided: _____ North______________ vs ______South____________________

Supported by: ____________________ ________________________________

Leader: __________________________ ________________________________

Kennedy’s policy in Vietnam was one in which the U.S. served as ________________________

______________________—gave President Johnson the power to escalate the war in Vietnam

_____________________ major North Vietnamese offensive of the war

_____________________ massacre led by American Troops

________________________ student protest of the war where students were killed by members of

the National Guard.

President Nixon’s policy of _______________________________ turned the war over to South Vietnam.

Kennedy Johnson Nixon CarterNew Frontier Great Society New Federalism

Space RaceCivil Rights Acts of 1965,

Voting Rights Act, Fair Housing Act of 1968

Creation of the E.P.A. Camp David Accords

Civil Rights Bill (failed) War on poverty Rapprochement with China Iran Hostage Crisis

Peace Corps Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Détente with the U.S.S.R

Bay of Pigs/Cuban Missile Crisis

Lost the support of American people Vietnamization

Watergate

Standard 8.4Reagan Administration

Conservatism- Holding traditional values or attitudes in politics.

What traditional values were challenged during the Culture Wars during Reagan’s administration?

Why did we see this movement toward Conservatism during the Reagan administration?

Standard 8.5

Globalization- The spread of _________________ across the entire world’s population.

Why do some cultures oppose Globalization?

NAFTANorth American _________ ________ Agreement

Agreement between which three countries?

NAFTAPros Cons

Clintons ReformsHealth Care Education Reforms

Bush Reforms

Bush Tax Reform

Why Was it Done?

What did it do?

Was it successful in improving the

Economy?

Standard 8.6Global Terrorism/Middle East

How has the rise and fall of countries affected the situation in the Middle East? Think Israel, Palestine, and the Soviet Union.

Goals of terrorism? Using terror to achieve world ________________ of their cause.

Challenge of fighting a terrorist organization?