The Roaring 20’s

The Results of WWI

• Red Scare – fear of radicals, Communists, and Socialism

• Immigration restricted• Post-war labor strikes

– due to demobilization – peace time after war

• KKK grew– hated blacks, Jews,

Catholics, & Darwinists

The Red Scare• feared communism

& socialism would spread from Russia to U.S.

• Palmer Raids – arrest & deport radical leftists, especially anarchists

Immigration

• *nativism – opposition to immigration; distinguishes between Americans who were born here and immigrants

• 1921 Emergency Quota Act – fed. law that limited annual # of immigrants

• 1924 National Origins Act (a.k.a. Immigration Act) – more strict fed. law that limited # of immigrants who could be admitted from any country

• GOAL restrict Southern and Eastern Europeans & Asians & reduce immigration!

• Chinese Exclusion Act – 1st nationality to be excluded by immigration restrictions

Sacco & Vanzetti• Italian born Americans but foreign anarchists• tried, convicted, & executed for “armed robbery & murder”;

evidence didn’t match up, but didn’t matter• Xenophobia – fear of what is foreign (especially people)

KKK• the rise of xenophobia & nativism led to

increased membership• opposed immigration• by mid-1920’s, there were 5 million members• influenced politics & elections; even the

Presidency

Post War Labor Strikes

• 4.5 million returning soldiers needed jobs• War materials no longer needed, neither

their employees UNEMPLOYMENT!• Labor strikes:– shorter hours & more pay

A Changing Society

• women• urban life

(industrial life)• prohibition• leisure time– music & art– sports– movies

Women– 19th amendment –

gave women the right to vote• women got the right

to vote because of the war (they worked the jobs for the boys while they were away)

– education (college attendance)

– flappers

Prohibitionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CE4u6jI_rc

• 18th amendment – made it illegal to produce or sell alcohol

• enforcement very hard• illegal alcohol made from perfume & paint• speakeasies – secret, illegal clubs serving

alcohol• bootleggers – people who smuggled it into the

U.S.• making alcohol:– Legal business CRIMINAL work– MAFIA: Al Capone

• 21st amendment – ended prohibition

Scopes Trial• John T. Scopes – teacher who taught Darwinism &

evolution– “survival of the fittest” determines the success of people in

society

• William Jennings Bryan – “Bible expert” for prosecution & presidential candidate; did not succeed

• Charles Darrow – famous criminal attorney– ACLU defends Scopes

• Evolution vs. Creation – divided public opinion• fundamentalism vs. modernism

– fundamentalism – strict following of the Bible

– modernism – idea of the power of the human being

Clarence Darrow & William Jennings Bryanhttp://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=scopes+trial+rundown&sm=3

Music – Jazz Age• developed in the south (New Orleans)

• Blues expressed the difficulties that blacks faced during slavery

• as blacks moved north, they took this with them

• W.C. Handy – the father of the blues

• Bessie Smith – Empress of the Blues

• Louis Armstrong – innovative jazz musician (solos); most famous

Great Migration• 90% of black Americans lived in the South before WWI• Moved to the North (Chicago & New York) for jobs & to

escape KKK!!!• 53% of black Americans lived in South in 1970

The Harlem Renaissancehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RQ-Ha9JmpI

• Harlem, NY – the largest black community• the renaissance – a period of black artistic

accomplishment – Langston Hughes – author– Zora Hurston – author

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc5T4c_mj1U

– James Weldon Johnson – poet• Blacks were free but segregated

Sports

• BASEBALL• Football• Tennis• Golf

Movies• http://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=79i84xYelZI

Industry• Henry Ford & Model T

– lowered the price of the automobile

– by using the assembly line

• assembly line – a system of machines that moved products “down the line”– cut time of assembly

A Consumer Culture

• Business Booms!• new products to enjoy/consume (ex. car,

washing machine, vacuums, refrigerators)• bought through installment plans – “Ride Now, Pay Later”

• advertising increase (radio, magazines, newspapers)

Farmers• war led to increase in

demand & prices– had to feed the

troops• peace time led to

overproduction & low prices (competition) not prosperous

World News• European Union being

developed• Hong Kong – dependent

territory of UK from 1842 - 1997

• Africa – Britain, France, Germany all colonized Africa (took over native’s lands)

• Lucky Lindy – transatlantic flight

• Amelia Earhart – 1st female

QUIZ TIMESUMMARY

• 1. Which group of people were excluded from entering the country in the 1920s?

– a. Italians– b. Irish– c. Chinese– d. Polish

• 2. Which term implies that because you were born here, you are more American?

– a. nativism– b. xenophobia– c. patriotism– d. socialism

• 3. Which amendment gave women the right to vote?

– a. 15– b. 18– c. 19– d. 21

• 4. Which amendment prohibited alcohol sales?

– a. 15– b. 18– c. 19– d. 21

• 5. Which person is credited with making cars affordable?

– a. Langston Hughes– b. Henry Ford– c. Louis Armstrong– d. FDR