The Roaring 20sThe Roaring 20s

America withdraws from world America withdraws from world power back to isolationism.power back to isolationism.

Red ScareRed Scare

Paranoia over the Paranoia over the Russian Revolution Russian Revolution and spread of and spread of communism led to communism led to Red scare hysteria Red scare hysteria directed against directed against immigrants, immigrants, anarchists, socialists, anarchists, socialists, communists, and communists, and labor organizerslabor organizers

Palmer RaidsPalmer Raids

1919-20, Attorney General A. Mitchell 1919-20, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer conducts “Palmer Raids”Palmer conducts “Palmer Raids”

Wall Street Bombing, Wall Street Bombing, 19201920

Palmer RaidsPalmer Raids

Sacco-Vanzetti TrialSacco-Vanzetti Trial

Italian immigrants and anarchists Sacco and Italian immigrants and anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti convicted and executed after unfair Vanzetti convicted and executed after unfair trial for Mass. Robbery and murdertrial for Mass. Robbery and murder

Fundamentalism vs Fundamentalism vs ModernismModernism

Many states pass Many states pass laws forbidding laws forbidding teaching of Evolutionteaching of Evolution

Dayton Tenn. Biology Dayton Tenn. Biology teacher John Scopes teacher John Scopes volunteers to get volunteers to get arrested for breaking arrested for breaking lawlaw

Scopes Monkey Trial, Scopes Monkey Trial, 19251925

Clarence Darrow (l) represents Scopes; Clarence Darrow (l) represents Scopes; William Jennings Bryan (r) serves as William Jennings Bryan (r) serves as prosecutorprosecutor

Resurgence of KKKResurgence of KKK

First full length movie, First full length movie, The Birth of A NationThe Birth of A Nation, , directed by DW Griffith directed by DW Griffith (1915), based on The (1915), based on The Clansman by Thomas Clansman by Thomas DixonDixon

Pres. Wilson called it Pres. Wilson called it “history written with “history written with lightning” lightning”

Depicts Klan as southern Depicts Klan as southern saviors and demonizes saviors and demonizes blacks in Reconstruction blacks in Reconstruction SouthSouth

Birth of a NationBirth of a Nation

Led to rebirth of Klan, this time centered in Led to rebirth of Klan, this time centered in Midwest (Indiana)Midwest (Indiana)

Claimed over 5 million membersClaimed over 5 million members Thousands marched in DC 1925, 1926Thousands marched in DC 1925, 1926

KKK March WashingtonKKK March Washington

Nativism Leads to Nativism Leads to Immigration RestrictionsImmigration Restrictions

Immigration Law 1924 --- totally Immigration Law 1924 --- totally excluded Asians and put strict quotas excluded Asians and put strict quotas on southern and eastern Europeans, on southern and eastern Europeans, favoring Northern and Western favoring Northern and Western immigrantsimmigrants

ProhibitionProhibition

Most of country “dry” before WWI; WWI Most of country “dry” before WWI; WWI spurred movementspurred movement

1818thth amendment (1919-1933) outlawed amendment (1919-1933) outlawed sale, manufacture and transport of sale, manufacture and transport of alcohol; enforced by Volstead Actalcohol; enforced by Volstead Act

Repealed by 21Repealed by 21stst in 1933 in 1933

Speakeasies

Prohibition QuotationsProhibition Quotations

““Prohibition permitted the Protestant Prohibition permitted the Protestant countryside to coerce the newer countryside to coerce the newer Americans in the city. One “dry” Americans in the city. One “dry” asserted: ‘Our nation can only be saved asserted: ‘Our nation can only be saved by turning the pure stream of country by turning the pure stream of country sentiment and township morals to flush sentiment and township morals to flush out the cesspools of cities and so save out the cesspools of cities and so save civilization from pollution.”civilization from pollution.”

“ ‘“ ‘The government which stands against The government which stands against the founder of Christianity cannot the founder of Christianity cannot survive,’ declared Senator Walsh of survive,’ declared Senator Walsh of Massachusetts.”Massachusetts.”

““The satirical essayist H.L. Mencken The satirical essayist H.L. Mencken claimed that Prohibition had caused claimed that Prohibition had caused suffering comparable only to that of the suffering comparable only to that of the Black Death and the Thirty Years War.”Black Death and the Thirty Years War.”

““The wet city is trying to impose its will on The wet city is trying to impose its will on the dry country. The wet North on the the dry country. The wet North on the dry South!”dry South!”

““If the Christian vote did not go to the polls, ‘we If the Christian vote did not go to the polls, ‘we shall see our towns and villages rum-ridden in shall see our towns and villages rum-ridden in the near future and a whole generation of our the near future and a whole generation of our children destroyed.’”children destroyed.’”

““Twice a week, he (Harding) sought to banish Twice a week, he (Harding) sought to banish care by inviting his friends to the White House care by inviting his friends to the White House for poker parties. Liquor flowed freely at these for poker parties. Liquor flowed freely at these affairs, for the President --- like many other affairs, for the President --- like many other Americans --- did not take prohibition seriously. Americans --- did not take prohibition seriously. The ‘drys’ got after him, however, and he The ‘drys’ got after him, however, and he finally confined his drinking to the family finally confined his drinking to the family bedrooms.”bedrooms.”

Effects of ProhibitionEffects of Prohibition

Blatant lawlessness: “”speakeasies”, Blatant lawlessness: “”speakeasies”, “bootlegging”, “bathtub gin”“bootlegging”, “bathtub gin”

Deaths and illness from drinking bad boozeDeaths and illness from drinking bad booze President Harding and cronies had FBI deliver President Harding and cronies had FBI deliver

confiscated alcohol to secret DC house for confiscated alcohol to secret DC house for weekly gambling, boozeweekly gambling, booze

and prostitution partiesand prostitution parties Led to rise of mafia, Led to rise of mafia, organized crime, organized crime, gangsterismgangsterism

And perhaps the most And perhaps the most heinous effect of prohibition heinous effect of prohibition of them all….of them all….

Pres. Warren G Harding, Pres. Warren G Harding, 1921-231921-23

Nominated because he Nominated because he “looks presidential”(first “looks presidential”(first time women could vote)time women could vote)

Ran front porch Ran front porch campaigncampaign

Administration riddled Administration riddled with scandalwith scandal

Weekly parties with Weekly parties with croniescronies

Teapot Dome ScandalTeapot Dome Scandal

Teapot Dome ScandalTeapot Dome Scandal

Secretary of Interior Albert Fall secretly Secretary of Interior Albert Fall secretly leased govt oil reserves in Teapot Dome leased govt oil reserves in Teapot Dome Wyoming to oil companies and pocketed Wyoming to oil companies and pocketed profitsprofits

Pres. Calvin Coolidge, Pres. Calvin Coolidge, 1923-19291923-1929

Silent CalSilent Cal ““The business of The business of

America is business.”America is business.” ““The man who builds The man who builds

a factory builds a a factory builds a temple; the man who temple; the man who works there worships works there worships there.”there.”

The Boom Years- Roaring The Boom Years- Roaring 20s20s

US becomes greatest creditor nation in US becomes greatest creditor nation in worldworld

Industrial production, employment, stock Industrial production, employment, stock market speculation, and wages soarmarket speculation, and wages soar

Consumerism soars as people want the Consumerism soars as people want the latest technological innovationslatest technological innovations

Buying on credit becomes popularBuying on credit becomes popular

1920s Inventions1920s Inventions

Jazz AgeJazz Age

Term coined by F Scott FitzgeraldTerm coined by F Scott Fitzgerald Jazz and blues music originated in New Jazz and blues music originated in New

Orleans and migrated north to Chicago and Orleans and migrated north to Chicago and New York (Harlem)New York (Harlem)

White and black audiences packed segregated White and black audiences packed segregated clubs like Harlem’s Cotton Clubclubs like Harlem’s Cotton Club

Artists: Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Billie Artists: Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday, Bessie SmithHoliday, Bessie Smith

Duke Ellington Orchestra“It Don’t Mean a Thing”

Bessie SmithSt. Louis Blues

Billie Holiday“Blues are Brewin’”

Cotton Club

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

Flowering of black arts, music, literature Flowering of black arts, music, literature and intellectualism in Harlem, New Yorkand intellectualism in Harlem, New York

Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, Alain LockeAlain Locke

, Paul Robeson, James Weldon Johnson, , Paul Robeson, James Weldon Johnson, Paul DunbarPaul Dunbar

Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey

Jamaican who moved to Jamaican who moved to NYC in 1916NYC in 1916

Founded United Negro Founded United Negro Improvement Improvement Association and African Association and African Orthodox ChurchOrthodox Church

Called for racial pride, Called for racial pride, self-reliance, economic self-reliance, economic independence and even independence and even Back to Africa movementBack to Africa movement

Marcus Garvey SpeechMarcus Garvey Speech

Eat, Drink and Be Merry, Eat, Drink and Be Merry, for Tomorrow….for Tomorrow….

WWI proved to “Flaming Youth” how fleeting WWI proved to “Flaming Youth” how fleeting life was and they broke with traditions and lived life was and they broke with traditions and lived life to the fullestlife to the fullest

Young “flappers” shocked older generations by Young “flappers” shocked older generations by wearing short hair, wearing short hair, short skirts, makeup, short skirts, makeup, and smoking, dancing, and smoking, dancing, driving and drinking indriving and drinking in publicpublic

Flappers

1920s fads1920s fads

The CharlestonThe Charleston Dance MarathonsDance Marathons Mah JongMah Jong King Tut/ EgyptologyKing Tut/ Egyptology Cloche hatsCloche hats Hip flasksHip flasks Raccoon coatsRaccoon coats Pajamas as daily wearPajamas as daily wear Neon lightsNeon lights Turned down hoseTurned down hose flagpole sittingflagpole sitting

The Charleston

Dancing Flappers

1920s Slang1920s Slang

Lost GenerationLost Generation

Phrase coined by Phrase coined by Gertrude Stein for Gertrude Stein for disillusioned, cynical disillusioned, cynical American expatriate American expatriate writers living in Paris writers living in Paris who wrote about greed, who wrote about greed, materialism and cynicismmaterialism and cynicism

Ernest Hemingway, F Ernest Hemingway, F Scott Fitzgerald, Eugene Scott Fitzgerald, Eugene O’Neill, ee cummings, O’Neill, ee cummings, TS Elliot, Gertrude SteinTS Elliot, Gertrude Stein

Lost GenerationLost Generation

Transformation of Transformation of AmericaAmerica

Mass Produced Mass Produced automobileautomobile

Henry Ford, Model T, Henry Ford, Model T, flivver, Tin Lizzyflivver, Tin Lizzy

Ford Assembly LineFord Assembly Line

AirplaneAirplane

Air mail flights 1920s, Air mail flights 1920s, passenger flights passenger flights 1930s1930s

Charles Lindbergh, Charles Lindbergh, first solo across first solo across AtlanticAtlantic

Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart barnstormersbarnstormers

LindberghLindbergh

RadioRadio

Wireless telegraphy Wireless telegraphy invented by invented by Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi 1890s1890s

First commercial First commercial radio station KDKA radio station KDKA PittsburghPittsburgh

MoviesMovies

Invented by EdisonInvented by Edison First movie with plot First movie with plot The Great Train Robbery The Great Train Robbery 1903 1903 First full length motion picture First full length motion picture The Birth of a NationThe Birth of a Nation First talkie First talkie The Jazz SingerThe Jazz Singer New industry created in HollywoodNew industry created in Hollywood Stars: Charlie Chaplin, Clara Bow, Lillian Gish, Mary Pickford, Stars: Charlie Chaplin, Clara Bow, Lillian Gish, Mary Pickford,

Buster Keaton, Fatty ArbuckleBuster Keaton, Fatty Arbuckle

The Jazz SingerThe Jazz Singer

Fatty Arbuckle

Charlie Chaplin

Clara Bow --- The “It” Girl

Valentino

US Adopts IsolationismUS Adopts Isolationism

Washington Naval Conferences- 1921-22Washington Naval Conferences- 1921-22

nine largest naval powers agree to nine largest naval powers agree to reduce and limit size of naviesreduce and limit size of navies

Kellogg-Briand Pact -1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact -1928 – international treaty “outlawing” war international treaty “outlawing” war