THE ROAD TO THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE…Colonial and United States Review

to 1820

a. Identify the reasons for colonization, evaluate its impacts, and analyze the success or failure of settlements in North America

b. Analyze religious development and its significance in colonial America (e.g., religious settlements, the Great Awakening)

c. Describe significant aspects of the variety of social structures of colonial America

d. Compare the economies of the various colonies, and analyze the development and impact of indentured servitude and African slavery in North America (e.g., social, political, and economic)

e. Explain the origins and development of colonial governments

f. Evaluate the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the development of American government as embodied in the Declaration of Independence

COLONIAL AMERICA

Huge population growth from 1700-1775 (300,000-2.5

million)

Most populous colonies – Virginia,

Massachusetts, Pennsylvania,

North Carolina, Maryland

Youthful population –

average age by 1775 was 16

VA –establishedFor purpose of Economic profitMA- very religious

COMPOSITION OF COLONIAL AMERICA (BESIDES BRITISH)

Germans – 6%-

Pennsylvania

Scots-Irish (Lowlanders) –

7%Pennsylvania

Frontier

French Huguenots,

Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, Scotts, Scots Highlands –

5%

Africans – 20%

2 important events paved the way for revolutionist ideas: 1. 1730’s-1740’s a revival of religion

which became known as the

IMPORTANCE The Great Awakening was a movement rooted in spiritual growth which brought a national identity to Colonial America.

The major effect of the Awakening – it encouraged people to question authority and think for themselves. Spilled over in political matters.

2. French and Indian War-1754-1763• Conflict between British and

French Over land in America Importance• Colonist questioned strengthOf British army• French and Spanish lost lands • Native Americans lost ground • Proclamation of 1763 -prohibited

colonists From settling lands west of Appalachian mts. • Colonist ignored this

PARLIAMENTARY ACTS AND EVENTS THAT ENRAGED COLONISTS

1764 Sugar Act – taxes on foreign

sugar

1765 Quartering Act

1765 Stamp Act(Repealed in 1766)

1766 Declaratory Act – absolute

sovereignty over colonies

1767 Townshend Acts –tax to pay

salaries of governors and

judges

March 5, 1770 Boston Massacre

British soldiers fire on citizens (Crispus

Attucks died)

1773 – TeaBoston Tea Party

1774 Intolerable Acts

-Boston Port closed-Troops in Boston

-Restriction of town meetings

April 1775Lexington and

ConcordBritish troops fire on colonial militia

Explain the cartoon .

Ben Franklin’s drawing is considered to be the first political cartoon inAmerican History

ASSIGNMENT1. Using maps on page 85 and 92, answer

the provided questions. The maps deal with immigrant groups in

1775 and the colonial economy.2. Using the prints of the Boston Massacre

on page 129 and the account of the massacre on pages 129-130, answer the provided questions.

ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE1st Continental Congress• 1774 • Wrote letters to the King and Parliament

2nd Continental Congress• 1775• Convened right after the Battle of Lexington and

Concord• Appointed George Washington leader of a colonial

army1776• Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of

Independence• It was approved on July 2, 1776

Washington Crossing the Delaware

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

TREATY OF PARIS 1783 Treaty of Paris 1783 – formally ended

the war between the Colonists and the British

British surrender at Yorktown - 1781

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797“The World Turned Upside

Down!”

Articles of Confederation (1781-1787)

Nation’s 1st Government

Loose Confederation of

States

Congress – each state had one vote

NO PRESIDENT

NO JUDICIAL BRANCH

*9 states to pass a law

*all 13 to amend the document

*Congress couldn’t regulate trade or

enforce tax collection

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Weaknesses:

Congress had no power to raise money through taxes

Congress had no power to regulate foreign or state trade

Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states

Congress did not have the power to enforce laws

Congress could not create a uniform currency

Strengths:

Congress could declare war

Congress could negotiate with foreign countries, such as the Treaty of Paris 1783.

Congress could establish a postal system

Congress could settle disputes between states

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION?Shays’ Rebellion 1786 – no state would help

Massachusetts

May 1787 – Convention to revise Articles of Confederation

Becomes Constitutional Convention (wrote a new document)

Result – calls for a Stronger federal govt

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONMAY 1787 – SEPTEMBER 1787

55 men – lawyers, merchant

, shippers

James Madison – Father of

Constitution

Held in secret in

Philadelphia

Absent : Thomas

Jefferson, John Adams,

Thomas Paine, Samuel

Adams, John Hancock, and Patrick Henry

ASSIGNMENT You will receive a packet with readings and

assignments on the following topics: 1. timeline of the American Revolution and activity 2. The Stamp Act 3. The Boston Tea Party 4. The Intolerable Acts 5. The First Continental Congress 6. Lexington and Concord 7. The Second Continental Congress 8. Signers of the Declaration 9. The Articles of Confederation 10. The Treaty of Paris*This assignment is due on Wednesday

DEBATE OVER REPRESENTATION

Virginia PlanRepresentation

based on Population

New Jersey PlanRepresentation

based on equality

Great Compromise

Based on Equal

Representation (2 per state)

Senate

Based on Population

House of Representativ

es

Three Branches of Government

JudicialInterprets Laws

ExecutiveCarries out

laws

LegislativeMakes Laws

Federalists

Antifederalists

A NEW BEGINNING

You will receive a copy of George Washington’s farewell in 1796.

Read the Farewell Address and annotate.

Be prepared to discuss its importance in 1796, as well as for the future.

EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Federalists and Democratic Republicans

(John Adams/Thomas Jefferson)

FEDERALISTS & DEM. REPUBLICANSFormed by

Alexander Hamilton

Favored a national bank, tariffs, and favorable terms with Britain.

Formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Favored favorable terms with France, state’s rights, and agrarian society.

George Washington

stepped down after his 2nd term

1797-1801 John Adams

1801-1809Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson

1801-1809

Louisiana Purchase

1803 ($15 million)

1804 – Lewis and Clark

expedition to the

Northwest (Sacajawea)

Issues with England on

the high seas

1807 – End of the slave

trade

ASSIGNMENT Read Opportunity Knocks: Jefferson

Responds\and answer the accompanying questions.

1. Choose one of the three essays and write a few sentences answering the question.

2. Do all of the Challenges. This document deals with the Louisiana

Purchase. 2. Read The Lewis and Clark Expedition

and complete the Lewis and Clark quiz.

JAMES MADISON (1809-1817)

Tensions with Great Britain and France

War of 1812US vs. Great

Britain

*White House set ablaze

*Victory in New Orleans (Andrew Jackson)

JAMES MONROE

James Monroe1817-1825

Era of Good Feelings (only one political

party –Democratic Republican)

Panic of 1819Banks faildepression

1819 – Florida ceded to the United

States

Monroe Doctrine

MONROE DOCTRINE Spain and Portugal’s colonies in North

America revolting 1823 – message to European powers that

the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to colonization and intervention

“It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent, without endangering our peace and happiness: nor can any one believe that our Southern Brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition, in any form, with indifference. …It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in the hope that other powers will pursue the same course.”

SLAVERY Originally, colonies used labor known as

indentured servitude. White servants were “employed” with

passage paid to the colonies from England. There was a surplus of people needing work.

The Head right system developed. For every person provided passage to the colonies, 50 acres of land would be given to the master.

However, indentured servants weren’t ideal because eventually they were to receive freedom after years of work.

COLONIAL SLAVERY1492-1792

400,000 Africans to North America

Captured on western portion of Africa

Triangular trade/middle passage

By 1662, slave codes were

established in Virginia

North – trade/fishingSouth –

agriculture/plantations

ASSIGNMENT Look at the two documents containing a

Triangular Trade map and a chart with slavery information. Answer the provided questions thoroughly.

Amistad

SECTIONALISM IN AMERICA

South slave based

agriculture

North commerc

e