CH 8 NOTES Confederation to Constitution, 1776–1791 Section 1: The Confederation Era.
The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress...
-
Upload
bernice-newman -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress...
![Page 1: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Road to the Constitution
![Page 2: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Quick Review Declaration of Independence
Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776
The Articles of Confederation 1777, our first constitution Weak federal government Shay’s Rebellion, 1786-1787
![Page 3: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Strengthening the National Government
1787 Problems with the Articles of Confederation States sent delegates to Philadelphia to fix
the A.O.C. Rhode Island did not go…they did not want
a stronger central government
![Page 4: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Constitutional Convention
May 25, 1787 Independence Hall, Philadelphia An extraordinary group of men
55 men Well-educated Lawyers, merchants, college presidents, doctors,
generals, governors, and planters with considerable political experience
![Page 5: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Who was there? Who missed it?
Benjamin Franklin 81, oldest delegate
George Washington & James Madison Both would become president
Thomas Jefferson & John Adams Both were in Europe
Patrick Henry Prominent Virginian He was invited but did not attend; he was against the
convention
![Page 6: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
George Washington
Respected for his leadership during the Rev. War
Chosen to preside over the convention.
http://richmondthenandnow.com/Images/Famous-Visitors/George-Washington-big.jpg
![Page 7: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Procedures of the Convention
Each state was only allowed one vote Majority votes from all states made
decisions All discussions were a secret! Why…?
This way, delegates could speak freely, without worry about how the public would react
![Page 8: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What happened to the…
Articles of Confederation???
The throw it away, decided to write a new constitution
http://www.uberreview.com/wp-content/uploads/grocery-bag-trash-can.jpg
![Page 9: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Two Opposing Plans
VS.
http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/map/vamap.jpg http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/nj-counties-new.gif
Virginia vs. New Jersey
![Page 10: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Two Opposing Plans The Virginia Plan
James Madison 3 branches of government Bicameral legislature (2 houses),
determined by population Favored big states
![Page 11: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Two Opposing Plans The New Jersey Plan William Patterson 3 branches of government Unicameral legislature (1 house) with
equal representation Favored smaller states
![Page 12: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Two Opposing Plans What was the big issue?
How representation in Congress would be decided
Larger states wanted more power, smaller states wanted equal power
![Page 13: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Great Compromise
Roger Sherman – Connecticut
Lower House House of Representatives Determined by population 2 year terms Favored larger states
Upper House Senate Equal representation 6 year terms Favored smaller states
![Page 14: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
More arguing? What now?
Controversy over counting slaves as a part of the population…
At this time, there were 550,000 enslaved African Americans, mostly in the South
![Page 15: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
More arguing? What now?
Southern states said… part of the population = more representatives for southern states
Northern states said… slaves cannot vote or participate in government, they should not give the south more representatives
![Page 16: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Three-Fifths Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise Every 5 enslaved persons would count as 3 free
people Used for representation in Congress & figuring
taxes
![Page 17: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Another compromise How to elect a president? Some say… “Let Congress pick!” Others say… “Let the people choose!” The compromise…
![Page 18: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Electoral College A group of people would be chosen by
each state to choose the President Each state given a certain number of votes,
determined by their representation in Congress
![Page 19: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
One last compromise Conflicts over commerce & the slave trade
Congress could regulate (control) trade between states & other countries
However, they could NOT tax exports or interfere with the slave trade for 20 years
![Page 20: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Finished…finally! September 17, 1787, finished up the
Constitution Delegates signed it, said the Constitution
would become the law of the land when… 9 out of 13 states ratified (approved) it
![Page 21: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
So everyone in the entire United States of America loved the Constitution and every state ratified it immediately and we all had a big party and we all lived happily ever after, right…?
![Page 22: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Wrong!
![Page 23: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A Divided Public
Federalists = supporters of the new constitution & a strong federal government
Federalism = A form of government in which power is divided between the federal (national) government and the states
![Page 24: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A Divided Public Some Federalists wrote papers to rally
support for the Constitution
They were called the Federalist Papers
Who wrote them? Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay
![Page 25: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A Divided Public
Anti-Federalists = People opposed to the constitution & a strong federal government
“Don’t forget individual rights!”
![Page 26: The Road to the Constitution. Quick Review Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress Approved July 4, 1776 The Articles of Confederation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83a7a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Reaching an Agreement
Anti-Federalists wanted to add… The Bill of Rights
The Federalists promised to do so, and did
New Hampshire, 9th state to ratify June 21, 1788 The Constitution went into effect
The last state to ratify…? Rhode Island, 1790