The Road to San JacintoThe Road to San Jacinto

Chapter 12 Section 1Chapter 12 Section 1

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

How did TX civilians respond to Santa Anna's continued invasion?  

How did the TX army respond to Santa Anna's continued invasion?

– The The Texan defeats Texan defeats at the at the Alamo and Alamo and GoliadGoliad allowed Santa Anna to move into allowed Santa Anna to move into TX unopposedTX unopposed

– Santa Anna believed the war was over Santa Anna believed the war was over and considered leaving. However, his and considered leaving. However, his desire to punish TX desire to punish TX was too great. was too great.

– He He began to march began to march deeper in Texas in deeper in Texas in search of the government. Along the way search of the government. Along the way he he burned homes, towns, and crops burned homes, towns, and crops along the way.along the way.

Texas ArmyTexas Army– Houston arrived at Houston arrived at

Gonzales Gonzales on on March 11 and March 11 and found about 400 found about 400 men ready men ready to join to join the the fight.fight.

– Realizing Realizing the army the army needed training needed training and supplies, and supplies, Houston Houston began a began a retreatretreat

Texas ArmyTexas Army

– With 400 Troops, With 400 Troops, Houston retreated East Houston retreated East toward the Colorado River, toward the Colorado River, hoping to hoping to pick up additional menpick up additional men

– The The army grew to nearly 1,000 army grew to nearly 1,000 volunteers volunteers as it moved Eastas it moved East

Texan ArmyTexan Army

– Houston’s Houston’s soldiers became resentful soldiers became resentful because their because their homeshomes were being were being destroyeddestroyed and they and they wanted to fight wanted to fight the the Mexican soldiersMexican soldiers

– Houston believed that his Houston believed that his forces were still forces were still too weaktoo weak and needed more time to train. and needed more time to train.

Panic Causes Panic Causes Runaway ScrapeRunaway Scrape

– Fearing the Mexican army would Fearing the Mexican army would harm them, harm them, hundreds of Texas hundreds of Texas families fled eastfamilies fled east

– Heavy rains, cold, and sickness Heavy rains, cold, and sickness made the journey miserablemade the journey miserable

Turn and TalkTurn and TalkEssential Question: Essential Question: How did Texas civilians respond to Santa Anna’s continued invasion?

Essential QuestionEssential Question: : How did the Texas army respond to Santa Anna’s continued invasion? Why?

Houston Trains his ArmyHouston Trains his Army– On On March 29March 29, ,

Houston’s army Houston’s army reached the reached the Brazos RiverBrazos River

– Two companies Two companies refused to retreat refused to retreat any fartherany farther

– Men are getting Men are getting upset!upset!

– Houston Houston left two left two companies to companies to guard the river guard the river crossingcrossing

Houston Trains his ArmyHouston Trains his Army

– Houston and the main army moved north Houston and the main army moved north along the Brazos to along the Brazos to Groce’s PlantationGroce’s Plantation

– Houston trained his army for almost 2 Houston trained his army for almost 2 weeksweeks

Mexican Army Follows HoustonMexican Army Follows Houston

• On April 5, On April 5, Santa Anna crossed the Santa Anna crossed the Colorado RiverColorado River and tried to overtake the and tried to overtake the TexansTexans

• Santa Anna is eager to catch Houston and Santa Anna is eager to catch Houston and defeat him…but defeat him…but his troops are slow and his troops are slow and wearyweary

Juan N. SeguinJuan N. Seguin

MEXN who supported TX MEXN who supported TX and fought against MEXand fought against MEX

Helps TX civilians escapeHelps TX civilians escape

Destroys heavy supplies Destroys heavy supplies Texans cannot carryTexans cannot carry

Protect Texas Army flanks Protect Texas Army flanks (sides) and rear(sides) and rear as Texans as Texans retreat. retreat.

Erastus “Deaf” SmithErastus “Deaf” Smith

Fluent in Spanish, Fluent in Spanish, Smith Smith infiltrates infiltrates camps camps in disguise in disguise as a Mexicanas a Mexican

He He sends sends information information on on Santa Anna’s march Santa Anna’s march route and men’s route and men’s condition condition to General to General HoustonHouston

– Houston receives a Houston receives a gift from gift from the people of the people of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Ohio.

– Two cannons called the “Twin Sisters”Two cannons called the “Twin Sisters”

– Texas artillery had been lost at the Alamo, Goliad and Texas artillery had been lost at the Alamo, Goliad and during the Runaway Scrapeduring the Runaway Scrape

– This gift convinced Houston it was time to fightThis gift convinced Houston it was time to fight

Mexican Army Follows HoustonMexican Army Follows Houston

Houston turned south towards the San Houston turned south towards the San Jacinto River and prepared to fight the Jacinto River and prepared to fight the Mexican Army.Mexican Army.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncA15YozFbY

Watch from 1:26:45-1:33:30Watch from 1:26:45-1:33:30

The Battle of San JacintoThe Battle of San JacintoChapter 12 Section 2Chapter 12 Section 2

OPTICOPTIC

The Eve of BattleThe Eve of Battle

The The Texas navy Texas navy controlled the controlled the coastal waterscoastal waters

Brought supplies Brought supplies to TX to TX armyarmy

Cut off supplies to Cut off supplies to Mexican Mexican army.army.

*This will play a *This will play a bigger role later onbigger role later on

The Eve of BattleThe Eve of BattleOn April 20, 1836, Texan On April 20, 1836, Texan troops camped on the troops camped on the banks of Buffalo Bayou.banks of Buffalo Bayou.

Santa Anna’s army Santa Anna’s army moved to the edge of a moved to the edge of a prairie opposite the prairie opposite the Texans.Texans.

Santa Anna was in a Santa Anna was in a poor position but poor position but believed the Texans believed the Texans would not attack.would not attack.

The Eve of BattleThe Eve of Battle

Houston Houston orderedordered the the bridge across Vince’s bridge across Vince’s Bayou destroyedBayou destroyed

This would make it This would make it impossible for either impossible for either army to retreatarmy to retreat

Houston called his Houston called his officers to a officers to a council of council of warwar, but they , but they disagreed disagreed over whether to attack over whether to attack directly or set up a directly or set up a defensive positiondefensive position..

"We view ourselves on the eve of "We view ourselves on the eve of battle. We are nerved for the contest, battle. We are nerved for the contest, and must conquer or perish. It is vain and must conquer or perish. It is vain to look for present aid: none is at hand. to look for present aid: none is at hand.

We must now act or abandon all hope! We must now act or abandon all hope! Rally to the standard, and be no longer Rally to the standard, and be no longer the scoff of mercenary tongues! Be the scoff of mercenary tongues! Be men, be free men, that your children men, be free men, that your children may bless their father's name."may bless their father's name."

—General Sam Houston,—General Sam Houston,Before the Battle of San Jacinto Before the Battle of San Jacinto

““Remember the Alamo”Remember the Alamo”

Around 3:30 in the Around 3:30 in the afternoon of April afternoon of April 21, 21, Houston Houston ordered the Texas ordered the Texas army to advance on army to advance on the Mexican troopsthe Mexican troops who were taking a who were taking a siesta.siesta.

The Texans seized The Texans seized the Mexican the Mexican artillery.artillery.

San Jacinto Battlefield – April 21, 1836

““Remember the Alamo”Remember the Alamo”

The The MexicanMexican camp was in total camp was in total confusionconfusion as as soldiers tried to soldiers tried to fight and flee.fight and flee.

The battle lasted The battle lasted 18 minutes18 minutes

““Remember the Alamo”Remember the Alamo”

The The Mexican army Mexican army suffered heavy suffered heavy losses at San losses at San Jacinto.Jacinto.

An estimated 630 An estimated 630 Mexicans were Mexicans were killed and 730 were killed and 730 were taken prisoner, taken prisoner, including Santa including Santa Anna. Anna.

““Remember the Alamo”Remember the Alamo”

Houston’s report Houston’s report to President to President Burnet praised his troops highly Burnet praised his troops highly for their for their courage and loyalty.courage and loyalty.

Santa Anna’s report Santa Anna’s report to his to his superiors explained that the superiors explained that the loss loss was due to the high number of was due to the high number of inexperienced recruits.inexperienced recruits.

Treaties of VelascoTreaties of Velasco

Santa Anna signed two treaties Santa Anna signed two treaties at at Velasco—one public and one Velasco—one public and one secret.secret.The The public treatypublic treaty —Santa Anna —Santa Anna promised that promised that Mexican forces Mexican forces would never fight against Texans would never fight against Texans again and ordered all Mexican again and ordered all Mexican forces out of Texasforces out of Texas. . The The TX Navy TX Navy blocking supplies blocking supplies helped helped push the Mexicans out push the Mexicans out quickerquicker

Treaties of VelascoTreaties of Velasco

The The secret treatysecret treaty —Santa Anna —Santa Anna promised to promised to work for Mexican work for Mexican recognition of Texas independence recognition of Texas independence and Rio Grande as border in and Rio Grande as border in exchange for his release.exchange for his release.

Victor’s ConsequencesVictor’s Consequences

Many Texans wanted to hang Many Texans wanted to hang Santa Anna.Santa Anna.

David G. Burnet, determined to David G. Burnet, determined to honor the treaty, honor the treaty, placed Santa placed Santa Anna on a ship to return to MexicoAnna on a ship to return to Mexico

This took several weeks because This took several weeks because people kept trying to execute Santa people kept trying to execute Santa AnnaAnna

Victory’s ConsequencesVictory’s Consequences

Mexican gov’t Mexican gov’t called treaties called treaties illegal and illegal and refused refused to recognize TX to recognize TX independenceindependence

This will lead to This will lead to trouble later on…trouble later on…

Victory’s ConsequencesVictory’s Consequences

Many volunteers from the United Many volunteers from the United States arrived in Texas too late. States arrived in Texas too late. The Texans had already won the The Texans had already won the war.war.

Texans were now citizens of the Texans were now citizens of the new Republic of Texas.new Republic of Texas.

https://www.withfriendship.com/videos/friend99/the-alamo-movie-the-battle-of-san-jacinto.php