PART II1763 - 1775

EUGENIA LANGANMATER ACADEMY CHARTER HIGH SCHOOLHIALEAH GARDENS, FLORIDATHANKS TO SUSAN POJER FOR POWERPOINT THEME

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION?

TO WHAT EXTENT HAD AN AMERICAN IDENTITY FORMED BY THE TIME OF THE REVOLUTION, AND WHY?

INTOLERABLE AND COERCIVE TO WHOM?YOU WILL ANSWER THIS IN THE JIGSAW ASSIGNED LAST CLASS!

TO WHAT EXTENT HAD THE COLONISTS DEVELOPED A SENSE OF THEIR OWN IDENTITY AND UNITY AS AMERICANS BY THE EVE OF THE REVOLUTION?NOTE: IT’S A “TO WHAT EXTENT QUESTION” SO YOU MUST GIVE A YES AND A NO ANSWER TO THE TWO ISSUES = 4 ANSWERS (MINIMUM)

AND NOTE THE PERIOD = BEFORE THE REVOLUTION, NOT DURING OR AFTER EXCEPT EVIDENCE OF SOMETHING BEFORE

REVIEW:

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR UNITED COLONISTS TO SOME EXTENT

AMERICAN IDENTITY EMERGED – A DIFFERENT KIND OF ENGLISH PEOPLE THAN THE ENGLISH IN ENGLAND!

AND MANY COLONISTS RESENTED BRITAIN:

1) CLASHES BETWEEN COLONIAL MILITIAMEN AND BRITISH REGULARS

2) PROCLAMATION OF 1763

AND WAR ENDED 74-YEAR ERA OF SALUTARY NEGLECT

BRITAIN LEFT WITH £140 MILLION WAR DEBT (= BILLIONS OF DOLLARS TODAY)

NEW PRIME MINISTER GEORGE GRENVILLE AND PARLIAMENT THINK COLONISTS SHOULD PAY FOR THEIR “DEFENSE” TAXING

THAT INCLUDES PAYING EXPENSES OF DEFENDING AGAINST PONTIAC’S REBELLION (DESPITE PROCLAMATION OF 1763

GEORGE GRENVILLE

BACKGROUND: “THE RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN”

MAGNA CARTA (1215) = THE KING IS NOT ABOVE THE LAW

1341 – EDWARD III AGREED BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT HAD TO APPROVE TAXES

HOUSE OF COMMONS ELECTED BY BURGESSES = PROPERTY-OWNING MEN IN THE BOROUGHS

1649 – CHARLES I TRIED FOR TREASON AND EXECUTED – TAXED W/O CONSENT OF PARLIAMENT

1689 – BILL OF RIGHTS, INCLUDED: NO TAXATION W/O REPRESENTATION

CIVILIANS HAD RIGHT TO TRIALS IN COMMON-LAW COURTS

NO SUSPENSION OF HABEAS CORPUS

RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS FOR DEFENSE

(ALSO MADE PARLIAMENT, NOT THE CROWN, THE SOVEREIGN – BUT COLONISTS DON’T CARE MUCH ABOUT THAT – NOT REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT)

THE COMMON LAW

MADE BY JUDGES IN KING’S COURTS SINCE 12TH C.

WAS APPLIED IN ALL THE COLONIES (IS THE BASIS FOR ALMOST ALL OUR LAW TODAY!)

THE CONCEPT OF THE RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN AND THE COMMON LAW UNIFY THE COLONISTS TO SOME EXTENT

THE CONCEPT OF THE RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN = THEORY OF THE REVOLUTION!

THE TAX LAWS

1) THE SUGAR ACT (1764) – REDUCED DUTY ON NON-BRITISH SUGAR FROM WEST INDIES (FOR RUM!)

SPECIFICALLY INTENDED TO RAISE TAXES FROM COLONIES

THEORY OF NAVIGATION ACTS, MOLASSES ACT OF 1713 = DISCOURAGE COLONIAL TRADE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES (MERCANTILISM)

THEORY OF SUGAR ACT = TRADE AND PAY LOWER DUTY

WHO WAS HURT BY THE SUGAR ACT?

NEW ENGLAND SMUGGLERS! ACT ENFORCED, AND PROVIDED FOR TRIALS IN ADMIRALTY COURTS (NOT COMMON LAW COURTS – NO JURIES)

INTELLECTUALS ALSO REALIZED ANY TAX ACT SET PRECEDENT FOR MORE

FLAP IN COLONIES BRITAIN FOLDED

QUARTERING ACT OF 1765 - BRITAIN WOULD HOUSE TROOPS IN COLONIAL “IN INNS, LIVERY STABLES, ALES HOUSES, VICTUALLING HOUSES, UNINHABITED HOUSES, OUTHOUSES, BARNS,” ETC., AT EXPENSE OF INVOLVED COLONIES. WHO WAS HURT?

PROPERTY-OWNERS IN PORT CITIES (MOST BRITISH TROOPS STATIONED IN PORT CITIES TO ENFORCE TRADE/TAX LAWS)

MOST COLONIAL LEGISLATURES DEFIED – BUT FEW SOLDIERS WERE QUARTERED IN COLONISTS PROPERTY AT THIS POINT.

NOW YOU DO THE OTHER STATUTES – JIGSAW!

1. STAMP ACT & DECLARATORY ACT

2. TOWNSHEND TEA ACT

3. BOSTON PORT ACT/ MASSACHUSETS GOVERNMENT ACT

4. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT

5. QUARTERING ACT OF 1774

6. QUEBEC ACT