The Road to Revolution The Road to Revolution Britain & Her Colonies Grow Apart.
The Road To Independence1
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THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE
1763-1775
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KEY TERMS
BOYCOTT: REFUSAL TO BUY
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KEY TERM
MILITIA: AN ARMY OF ORDINARY CITIZENS
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KEY TERM
MINUTEMAN: COLONIAL MILITIA(CITIZEN SOLDIER); NEEDED TO BEREADY AT A MINUTE’S NOTICE
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KEY TERM
ARTILLERY: CANNONS & LARGE GUNS
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The EnlightenmentTime when natural rights philosophers like John Locke encouraged thinking. Locke is quoted in both Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence.
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The French & Indian War1754-1763
Conflict over disputed Ohio Valley.
Spread to Europe - known as the Seven Years War
Forced the French and the British to send troopsand supplies to their American colonies
Great Britain = winner, yet, the war caused debt
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TIGHTER BRITISH CONTROLPROCLAMATION OF 1763: IN RESPONSE TOPONTIAC’S REBELLION, KING GEORGE IIIFORBADE THE COLONISTS FROM SETTLING
WESTOF THE APPALACHIAN MTS; 10,000 BRITISHSOLDIERS ENFORCED THE PROCLAMATION
COLONISTS’ RESPONSE: ANGERED; SOME IGNORED THE ORDERROLE OF GENERAL THOMAS GAGE: CONCENTRATED SOLDIERS IN NY TO RUSH TO “HOT SPOTS” ALONG THE FRONTIER
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Proclamation of 1763
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REQUIRED THE COLONIES TO QUARTER (HOUSING & SUPPLIES) FOR BRITISH SOLDIERS
QUARTERING ACT OF 1765
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QUARTERING ACT
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TAXING THE COLONIES
2 REASONSWAR DEBT$ TO KEEP SOLDIERS ON THE FRONTIER
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SUGAR ACT OF 1764:
TAX ON SUGAR & MOLASSES
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STAMP ACT 1765:
TAX ON PAPER PRODUCTS (DIPLOMAS, NEWSPAPERS, LEGAL DOCUMENTS, ADVERTISEMENTS, PLAYING CARDS ETC.)
COLONIAL RESISTANCE: RALLY CRY, NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!”
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STAMP ACT CONGRESS, NYC, 1765
DREW UP A PETITION PROTESTING THE STAMP ACT; DECLARED THAT THE RIGHT TO TAX BELONGED TO THE COLONIAL ASSEMBLIES, NOT TO PARLIAMENT!
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SONS OF LIBERTY & DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY
SECRET SOCIETIES; MOST WERE LAWYERS, MERCHANTS & ARTISANS; STAGED PROTESTS, BURNED STAMPED PAPER, TARRED & FEATHERED CUSTOMS OFFICIALS LEADER – SAM ADAMS
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STAMP ACT
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PARLIAMENT’S RESPONSE:
DECLARATORY ACT “FUNERAL OF THE STAMP ACT”:CANCELLED THE STAMP ACT IN 1766;DECLARED PARLIAMENT’S RIGHT TOLEGISLATE FOR THE COLONIES “INALL CASES WHATSOEVER.”
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FUNERAL OF THE STAMP ACT
WHAT IS THE MAN 4TH IN LINE CARRYING?HOW DOES THE CARTOON PICTURE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT?
WHAT SYMBOLS ARE USED TO SHOW THE DEATH OF THE STAMP ACT?
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TOWNSHEND ACTS OF 1767
TAX ON GLASS, PAPER, PAINT, LEAD, & TEA; HAD TO BE PAID IN GOLD OR SILVER
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E. WRITS OF ASSISTANCESEARCH WARRANT GIVING BRITISHOFFICERS UNLIMITED SEARCH RIGHTSFOR SMUGGLED GOODS
BELIEVED THAT THE WRITS OF ASSISTANCE WERE AGAINST THE LAW OF NATURE
THE LAW OF NATURE TEACHES, “NO ONE OUGHT TO HARM ANOTHER IN HIS LIFE, LIBERTY, OR POSSESSIONS.”
John LockeJames Otis
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THE BOSTON MASSACRE MARCH 5, 1770
PRECURSOR: ARRIVAL OF REDCOATS TO
BOSTON; COMPETED FOR COLONIAL JOBS
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BOSTON MASSACRE CONT…SPARK: GANG OF YOUTHS & DOCKWORKERS
THREW SNOWBALLS, STICKS & STONES AT REDCOATS; TAUNTING ONE ANOTHER: “LOBSTERS” & “YANKEES”
RESULTS:SOLDIERS FIRED & 5 MEN DIED INCLUDING CRISPUS ATTUCKS, RUNAWAY SLAVE; 1ST CASUALTY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
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SOLDIERS’ PUNISHMENT:
ARRESTED FOR MURDER,DEFENDED BY JOHN ADAMS &JOSIAH QUINCY, JR.; ACQUITTED
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The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul
Revere, 1770
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
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The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul
Revere, 1770
PROPAGANDA
The soldiers are all being ordered to fire by their commander. From the testimony at the trial, we know that the firing was not ordered.
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The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul Revere, 1770
The crowd is shown unarmed and defenseless. In fact, the crowd threw snowballs and many carried clubs.
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
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Big Mac & Boston Massacre
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THE TEA ACT OF 1773
CHEAPER THAN SMUGGLED TEA EVENWITH THE TAX; COLONIAL SHIPPERS &MERCHANTS ENRAGED BECAUSE THEBRITISH EAST INDIA CO. WOULD SHIP
&SELL THE TEA THEMSELVES
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PARTY LIKE IT’S 1773!
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BOSTON TEA PARTY
TOOLS OF PROTESTS: BOYCOTTS
THE BOSTON TEA PARTY, 12/16/1773WHO? SONS OF LIBERTY LED BY SAM ADAMSWHAT OCCURRED? SONS OF LIBERTY, DRESSED AS MOHAWKS, BOARDED A BRITISH EAST INDIA CO. SHIP & THREW 342 CHESTS OF TEA INTO BOSTON HARBOR
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PARLIAMENT’S RESPONSE:
THE INTOLERABLE ACTSCLOSED PORT OF BOSTON UNTIL TEA WAS
PAID FORRESTRICTED REPRESENTATIVE
GOVERNMENT IN MASSACHUSETTS; GEN. THOMAS GAGE APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF MASSACHUSETTS
BRITISH COMMANDERS COULD HOUSE TROOPS WHEREVER NECESSARY
BRITISH OFFICIALS STOOD TRIAL IN BRITAIN RATHER THAN THE COLONIES
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THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS,
1774
WHO? = DELEGATES FROM EVER COLONY BUT GEORGIA
WHERE?: PHILADELPHIAGOALS:
BAN BRITISH GOODSBEGIN TRAINING SOLDIERS
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BETWEEN WAR & PEACE
COMMITTEE OF SAFETY;POWER TO CALL OUT MILITIA IN MASSACHUSETTS
GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH!
THE COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE: COMMUNICATION WITH NEIGHBORINGCOLONIAL LEADERS
John Hancock Patrick Henry
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THE REVOLUTION BEGINS
SAMUEL ADAMS ORGANIZED: SPY NETWORK TO WATCH BRITISH ACTIVITIES
GENERAL GAGE LEARNED FROM HIS SPIES: MINUTEMEN WERE STORING GUNS IN CONCORD, MA.
HIS ORDERS: DESTROY THE SUPPLIES & ARREST HANCOCK AND ADAMS
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THE MIDNIGHT RIDE
PAUL REVERE, WILLIAM DAWES AND DR. SAMUEL PRESCOTT: “THE REDCOATS ARE COMING!” – SENT TO SPREAD THE NEWS OF BRITISH TROOP MOVEMENTS
RESULTS: REVERE WAS CAPTURED; LET GO WITHOUT HIS HORSE
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LEXINGTON & CONCORD 04/19/1775
LEXINGTON: BRITISH ORDERED MINUTEMEN TO LAY DOWN THEIR ARMSRESULTS: WITHIN MINUTES, 8 COLONISTS LAY DEAD; THE BRITISH MARCHED TO CONCORD & DESTROYED THE SUPPLIESWHO LINED THE ROAD FROM LEXINGTON TO\
CONCORD? 4,000 MINUTEMENRESULTS: BRITISH RETREATED TO BOSTON
“SHOT HEARD ROUND THE WORLD”
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THE CONTINENTAL ARMY IS FORMED
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FORT TICONDEROGAMAY 10, 1775
WHO? GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS (VT) LED BY BENEDICT ARNOLD & ETHAN ALLEN
WHAT? SEIZED BRITISH FORT & ARTILLERY
WHERE? ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN
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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, MAY 10,
1775
WHO? JOHN ADAMS, SAM ADAMS, JOHN HANCOCK, BEN FRANKLIN, GEORGE WASHINGTON, PATRICK HENRY, ETC.
WHERE? PHILADELPHIACONTINENTAL ARMY LEADER:
GEORGE WASHINGTON
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THE BATTLE OF BUNKER (BREED’S) HILL, JUNE, 1775
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WHAT HAPPENED: PATRIOTS MOVED TO OCCUPY THE PENINSULA NEAR BOSTON; TURNED INTO AN ARMED CAMP
COL. WILLIAM PRESCOTT’S ORDERS: “DON’T FIRE TILL YOU SEE THE WHITES OF THEIR EYES!”
BRITISH GENERAL WILLIAM HOWE:BRITISH GENERAL; WITH 2200 MEN FORMED ASSAULT LINES; RETOOK BREEDS HILL & BUNKER HILL AFTER 2ND ATTEMPT (PATRIOTS HAD RUN OUT OF GUN POWDER)
WINNER: THE BRITISH
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LAST CHANCE FOR PEACE
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OLIVE BRANCH PETITION, JULY 1775:CONGRESS SENT LETTER TO LONDONBEGGING KING GEORGE III TO STOPWAR; HE REFUSED RESULT: WASHINGTON MOVED HIS ARMYTO DORCHESTER HEIGHTS & BOMBARDEDBOSTON IN JANUARY 1776; BRITISH FLED!
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PUSH FOR INDEPENDENCE
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Common SenseThomas Paine, 1776
JANUARY 1776; POPULAR 46 PAGE
PAMPHLET CALLING FOR INDEPENDENCE!
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THE VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS BY RICHARD HENRY LEE
COLONIES SHOULD BECOME INDEPENDENTSTATES, FORM FOREIGN ALLIANCES, JOINTOGETHER IN A CONFEDERATIONTHE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,
JULY 4,1776JEFFERSON’S BEST-KNOWN PASSAGE:
“ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL”WHO WERE “THE PEOPLE:” FREE WHITE
MENCUT FROM THE FINAL DOCUMENT:
PASSAGE CONDEMNING THE SLAVE TRADE
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