The Rise of Labor Unions. Rich versus Poor By 1890, the richest 9% of Americans held nearly 75% of...
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![Page 1: The Rise of Labor Unions. Rich versus Poor By 1890, the richest 9% of Americans held nearly 75% of the national wealth Many workers began to resent the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649cab5503460f9496d07c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Rise of Labor Unions
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Rich versus Poor
• By 1890, the richest 9% of Americans held nearly 75% of the national wealth
• Many workers began to resent the lavish lifestyles of their rich owners, & began to organize in an effort to establish a better work system
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What Did Workers Want?
• Shorter workdays
• Higher wages
• Better working conditions
• End child labor
• Collective Bargaining – negotiate as a group w/ employers
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The Knights of Labor
• National Union• Recruited Skilled & Unskilled
Workers• Included Women & African
Americans• Emphasized Education
& Social Reform
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The American Federation of Labor (AFL)
• Led by Samuel Gompers
• Skilled Workers Only
• Used Collective Bargaining as a Strategy
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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
• Unskilled Workers
• Radical Socialist Leaders
• Violent Strikes
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Socialism
• Karl Marx—German Philosopher who wrote Communist Manifesto
• Denounced capitalism
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Socialism
• Economic & political philosophy that favors public instead of private control of property & income.
• Socialists believe that society, not private individuals, should control a nation’s wealth. That wealth should be distributed equally to everyone.
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Reaction of Employers
•forbid union meetings
•fired union organizers
•forced new employees to sign “yellow dog” contracts, making them promise never to join a union or participate in a strike
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Reaction of Employers
• refused to bargain collectively when strikes occurred
• refused to recognize union representatives
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The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
• Workers protested wage cuts & unsafe conditions
• Violent & Unorganized
• Pres. Hayes sent federal troops to put down the strike
• Employers relied on federal & state troops to repress labor unrest
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Haymarket Strike 1886
• National strike of all workers calling for an 8-hour workday
• During a demonstration in Chicago’s Haymarket Square a bomb exploded
• Rioting broke out & dozens were killed
• 4 anarchists were hanged
• The public began to associate unions w/ violence, anarchy & radicalism
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Homestead Strike 1892• Carnegie Steel cut wages in
Homestead, PA
• Mngr. Henry Frick called in private guards to protect the plant
• Daylong gun battle ended w/ several strikers dead
• Again, the public condemned strikes & denounced unions as violent
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Pullman Strike 1894• Strike of Pullman Palace Car
Factory Workers
• Tried to stop railroads from running
• Courts ruled illegal b/c it disrupted mail delivery
• The courts now supported owners as well