THE RISE OF ISLAM...THE SPREAD OF ISLAM •Abu Bakr, Muhammad's successor began attacking the...
Transcript of THE RISE OF ISLAM...THE SPREAD OF ISLAM •Abu Bakr, Muhammad's successor began attacking the...
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U N I T I I I
THE RISE OF ISLAM
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MUHAMMAD THE PROFIT
• From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia
• Muhammad was a middle aged merchant who claimed the Angel Gabriel asked him to recite the word of God
• As a Merchant Muhammad had exposure to the ideas of Judaism and Christianity• Maybe even Persians
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MUHAMMAD TAKES POLITICAL POWER
• Mecca was already a
popular pilgrimage site
• Muhammad was kicked
out because Islam
threatened the pilgrimage
• Muhammad and his
followers went to Medina
• Prayer switches from
Jerusalem to Mecca
• Muhammad became a
political and military
leader
• 630 CE Muhammad takes
back Mecca
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THE SPREAD OF ISLAM
• Abu Bakr, Muhammad's
successor began
attacking the Byzantine
Empire and recording
the Qur'an
• A vast empire grew out
of the principals of Islam
in just 200 years
• Muhammad's
successors relentlessly
spread the religion
through military
conquest
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THE RAPID SPREAD OF ISLAM
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BASIC BELIEFS
• Conquered people do not have to convert, only pay a larger tax.• Followers of Judaism and Christianity are specifically
mentioned in the Qur’an as “people of the book”
Five Pillars of Islam 1. Shahadah- declaring there is no god except God (Allah), and Muhammad is God’s messenger
2. Salat- Prayer five times a day
3. Zekat- Giving 2.5% of one’s savings to the poor
4. Sawm- Observe the month of Ramadan by fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
5. Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca
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THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
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BASIC BELIEFS
Guiding text:
• The Qur'an
• Absolute Monotheism
• Taking care of those less
fortunate than you
• Hadiths; a collection of
sayings and stories about the profit Muhammad
A believer in Islam is part of the
Uma or community of believers
Islam becomes a restoration religion
• Muslims believe the Monotheisms before Muhammad had
strayed from purity • Muslims believe Mohamed was the last profit sent by God
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SHIA- SUNNI SPLIT
• Root of split goes back
to Muhammad's first
successor
• Abu Bakr, Muhammad's father in law became the
first Caliph
• Many wanted his son in
law, Ali to take over
• Shia Muslims believe the
Caliph should be a
descendent of
Muhammad
• Caliph means
“successor”
• Meaning Abu Bakr was
a “successor” to the
prophet
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MODERN SHIA- SUNNI DIVIDE
Today Shia Muslims make up 16% of the Islamic population
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THE ISLAMIC SPLIT HAS SERIOUS RAMIFICATIONS TODAY
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BAGDAD: THE CENTER OF LEARNING
• The Abbasid Caliphate (750- 1258 CE) became the center for learning
• The Persian ruling class moved the capital to Baghdad• Baghdad becomes the center of learning
• Large library held the work of Greek philosophers, Greek scientist, and Buddhist and Hindu text
• Openness to foreigners and their ideas • Possibly largest blending of cultures since Hellenistic times • Brought to an end by the Mongols
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IBN SINA (980- 1037 CE)
• Often known by Latin
name Avicenna
• Gained great advances
in the field of medicine
• Created the Canon of
Medicine
• Became the standard
medical text book for
centuries
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HOW’S THIS FOR A VACATION?
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IBN BATTUTA (1304-1368 CE)
• Moroccan explorer
• Traveled the known
Muslim world
• Recorded his travels
in the Rihla
(translated to
“Journey”)
• Helped link Africa to
the Islamic World
• The most well
traveled man to date
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THE ABRAHAMIC TRADITIONS
Judaism est. around
1000 BCE Christianity est. around
40 CE
Islam est. around
600 CE
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WHAT DO THE ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS ALL HAVE IN COMMON?
• All three use a religious text that provide guidelines
ethical and moral behaviors as well as how to
govern believers
• Judaism- Torah
• Christians- The Bible
• Islam- The Qur'an
• All three recognize Abraham, Mosses and other
figures from the old testament as important religious
figures
• All three believe in fundamental monotheism
• All three originated in the same region, and claim
several of the same cities as religious holy sites
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JERUSALEM
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FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN THE ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS
Judaism
• Judaism does not actively seek converts and the
religion is associated with a group of people
Christianity
• Christians believe Jesus was the son of God (or
Messiah)
• Catholic leaders must remain unmarried
Islam
• Islam is the newest and only Abrahamic tradition to
reference the other two in the holy text
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MODERN DISTRIBUTION
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OVER HALF THE WORLD PRACTICES AN ABRAHAMIC RELIGION