The Riseof

Fascism in

Europe

[Image source: http://www.bkmarcus.com/blog/archive/2005_10_01_archive.html]

[Image source: http://www2.bc.edu/~heineman/charts/fascism.jpg]

fascism

• a political philosophy based on nationalism and an all-powerful state

Benito Mussolini is credited as the founderof fascism in

the 1920s.[Image source: http://www.coranix.com/killers/mussolini.jpg]

The word fasce comes from one of

the symbols of authority of the

Republic of Rome.

Mussolini imagined he could return Italy to the glory of the Roman empire days.

[Image source: http://rome.classics.lsa.umich.edu/images/empire.gif]

Mussolini began by reasserting Italy’s control over Libya in North Africa.

[Image source: http://www.lennard.net.nz/dadsstory/16.jpg]

Italy next invaded

Ethiopia in October

1935.

[Image source: http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/03/baker-mc-

03/aby-map.jpg]

Emperor Haile Selassie addressed the League of Nations, but his appeal for aid fell on deaf ears.

Spain emerged as a central-front

in the warto contain fascism.

[Image source: http://seto.org/photo/t_masters.html]

Germany tested many of its new weapons in the Spanish Civil War.

[Image source: http://www.myimagezone.com/lib/Thumb.aspx?f=/data/0/90/90790.JPG&l=500]

26th April 1937

[Image source: http://danielattias.blog.lemonde.fr/photos/uncategorized/guernica_pablo_picasso.jpg]

[Image source: http://www.spanishrefugees-basquechildren.org/D3-Guernica_-_Clearing_up_1.jpg]

General Franco emerged as the victorin the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).

[Image source: http://www.dur.ac.uk/m.p.thompson/civwar/franco.JPG]

Adolf Hitler first attempted to seize powerin Bavaria, Germany through the abortive

Munich Beer-hall Putsch of November 1923.

While in prison, Hitler dictated Mein Kampf to his associate Rudolf Hess.

Mein Kampf, published in

1925, was Adolf Hitler’s blueprint

for what he planned to do

once he became the leader of

Germany.

Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933.

[Image source: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/sgt_stryker/hitler.gif]

President Paul von Hindenburg asked Hitler to become chancellor and organize a government.

Hitler became Chancellor 20th January 1933.

[Image source: http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/prevyears/33d03/33d03l05-1930s.htm]

Hitler quickly consolidated his

power at the expense of both

his allies and patrons,

ultimately becomingder Fűhrer

19th August 1934.

[Image source: http://web.olivet.edu/~jsinclai/hitler.jpg]

The burning of the Reischstag 27th February 1933 allowed Hitler to seize power on the pretext of

protecting Germany from threats to its security.

The Enabling Act of 23rd March 1933 granted Hitler dictatorial powers.

The Nazi SA (Sturmabteilung) opened their first concentration camp near Berlin 12th March 1933.

[Image source: http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/amc0310l.jpg]

Boycotts of Jewish businesses commenced 1st April 1933.

“The Grim Reaper”The Nation(April 1933)

[Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERsudetenland.htm]

The Nazi’s burned books 10th May 1933.

In an act of violent retribution known

as the “Night of the Long Knives”, Hitler eliminated long-term, close associates of his, whom he feared,

on 30th June 1934.

The Nüremburg Race Laws stripped German Jews of their rights in 1935.

[Image source: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/holoprelude/nurlaws.html]

Chart explaining the Nüremburg

Race Laws of 15th September 1935

[Image source: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/holoprelude/nurlaws.html]

Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by re-introducing military conscription.

Hitler reoccupied the Rhineland7th March 1936.

[Image source: http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/zcd056.htm]

Hitler hoped the 1936 Olympics in Berlin would showcase Aryan superiority.

American track stand-out Jesse

Owens shattered Hitler’s claims of Aryan racial

superiority.

Hossbach Memorandum5th November 1937

Hitler advocated uniting all Germans under one

government.

In March 1938 Hitler announced

the Anschlűss (union) of

Germany and Austria.

[Image source: http://imaginaryboys.altervista.org/italiano/nazismo/immagini_big/immagini_big1/anschluss.jpg]

Hitler next set his eyes on the German minority living in the Sudetenland of

neighboring Czechoslovakia.

Well-intentioned European leaders, meeting in Munich, appeased Hitler and ceded-away part of sovereign-Czechoslovakian territory in the hope of preventing a European war.

Hitler marched into the Sudetenland 15th October 1938.

[Image source: http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW2/images/sudetenland.gif]

[Image source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/higher/img/history/roadwar/anschluss/anschluss.gif]

“We have peace in our time!”

Great Britain’s Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.

Hitler ended-up occupying the rest of Czechoslovakia

in March 1939.

[Image source: http://www.bwbs.de/UserFiles/Image/1936-1940/sudeten(1).jpg]

[Image source: http://www.library.vcu.edu/pdfgif/speccoll/sykes/sykes010.jpg]

Kristallnacht9th/10th November 1938

Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign a

non-aggression pact 23rd

August 1939.

[Image source: http://www.bkmarcus.com/blog/archive/2005_10_01_archive.html]

[Image source: http://www.inminds.co.uk/iraqnica.jpg]

Many people today erroneously see a similarity between fascism’s drive to dominate the world and America’s desire to make the world safe from terrorism.

They perceive a threat to our

individual liberties as

emanating only from one of the

two major political parties.

[Image source: http://members.aye.net/~hippie/images/blog/fascism.jpg]

Signs of fascism include “group-

think”, where only certain ideas and perspectives are

considered acceptable, and

increasing government

intrusion into daily life (regulation).

Disapproval of fascism is district curriculum and policy.

Beware the “cult of personality”.