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Slide 2 The Revolutionary War Slide 3 Shots Heard Round the World Lexington and Concord 1 st Battles of American Revolution April 19, 1775 Slide 4 The Mecklenburg Declaration May 1775 British thrown out of Mecklenburg County, NC Colonial government First Declaration of Independence? Slide 5 The Halifax Resolves North Carolina April 12, 1776 First colony to call for total independence from Great Britain Slide 6 Second Continental Congress Dates and places of sessions May 10, 1775 December 12, 1776, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania December 20, 1776 March 4, 1777, Baltimore, Maryland March 5, 1777 September 18, 1777, Philadelphia September 27, 1777 (one day only), Lancaster, Pennsylvania September 30, 1777 June 27, 1778, York, Pennsylvania July 2, 1778 March 1, 1781, Philadelphia - 1st Job: Appoint General of Continental Army (George Washington) -2nd Job: Decide how to end war Slide 7 Slide 8 The Declaration of Independence -June 7, 1776 - Independence proposed by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia -Committee organized to draft document (John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingstone, Thomas Jefferson) -Jefferson chosen to write document -July 4, 1776; Declaration of Independence adopted by Second Continental Congress (America is now independent of England) Slide 9 July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence (NC Signers) William Hooper Joseph Hewes John Penn Slide 10 1.What does the Declaration say is necessary? 2.What 3 truths are self evident? 3.What rights do people have when governments become destructive? 4.What are the words that state how the government should be organized? 5.Under what conditions should governments be changed? 6.Who was the despot that the colonists were complaining about? Primary Source Analysis: Declaration of Independence Slide 11 Important Battles Of the Revolutionary War Slide 12 Battle of Saratoga Goal: British wanted to cut New England off from the rest of the colonies and take back Fort Ticonderoga Date and Location: October 1777, Albany, NY Causaulties: British: 6600 troops, 300 killed, 370 wounded, 5,900 captured. American: 6600 troops, 30 killed, 100 wounded, 0 captured. COLONIAL VICTORY Significance: Greatly boosted morale and led to increased foreign support for the Patriots. Benedict Arnold forced British to retreat. Burgone surrendered and the Patriots captured his entire army. *** Math Connection: Take a moment and figure out what percentage of each sides army was killed, then the percentage of each that was wounded. Slide 13 Slide 14 Valley Forge Arrive December 1777 Winter encampment 2,500 soldiers die of exposure NOT a battle, but a turning point Surviving the 6 month winter at Valley Forge made the army stronger (what doesnt kill you makes you stronger!) and were ready to fight the British Slide 15 Battle of Guilford Courthouse Date and Location: March 15, 1781,Greensboro, NC. Casualties: British: 1,900 troops, 93 killed, 413 wounded, and 26 missing. American: 4,400 troops, 79 killed, 185 wounded, and 1,046 missing. BRITISH VICTORY Significance: Bittersweet victory for the British who lost so many men that Another such victory would destroy the British army. *** Math Connection: Take a moment and figure out what percentage of each sides army was killed, then the percentage of each that was wounded. Slide 16 Slide 17 Slide 18 Battle of Yorktown During the siege at Yorktown, the Patriots made a daring attack that captured part of the British fortifications. Date and Location: 1781, Yorktown, Virginia. Casualties: British: 8980 troops, 309 killed, 326 wounded, and 8007 captured. American: 20,600 troops, 72 killed, 180 wounded, and 0 captured. COLONIAL VICTORY AND LAST BATTLE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Significance: Cornwallis surrendered. Ended the American Revolution. *** Math Connection: Take a moment and figure out what percentage of each sides army was killed, then the percentage of each that was wounded. Slide 19 Slide 20 Treaty of Paris 1783 American delegates (including John Adams and Ben Franklin) began negotiations with the British. The delegates took more than two years to come to an agreement, but in the end, Britain recognized the independence of the United States. The treaty set the nations new borders. Northern Border: Great Lakes Southern Border: 31 degrees north latitude Western Border: the Mississippi River The British also accepted American rights to settle and trade west of the original thirteen colonies. Slide 21 Slide 22 The Articles of Confederation November, 1777 GOVERNMENT One Vote Congress Each State had One Vote. Powers of Congress 1. Make Laws 2. Declare War & Make Peace 3. Make Treaties & Alliances 4. Borrow Money 5. Maintain Army & Navy 6. Other Less Important Matters Slide 23 Problems with the AOC 1)Congress weak Limited Powers (most needed 9 of 13 states to agree) 2)No Executive Branch Enforce Laws 3)No Judicial Branch Settle State Disputes 4)No Power to Tax 5)No Money = No Military 6)No Amendments Needed Approval of all 13 States 7)Thirteen Tax and Trade Systems Slide 24 Strengths of the Articles of Confederation: Settling Western Lands The Land Ordinance of 1785, stated that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocks The Northwest Ordinance assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territories 5,000 free males who own 50 acres can start govt Population of 60,000 could become a state Slide 25 Settling Western lands The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West It promised It promised no slavery no slavery education education freedom of religion freedom of religion trial by jury trial by jury Slide 26 Northwest Territory The Northwest Territory was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin would be formed from this area. Slide 27 Slide 28 Reasons for Shays Rebellion Wealthy lawmakers invested in the war as well, and try to get that money back by collecting the farmers debts Farmers are required to pay debts in gold, they have no money because they were not paid during the war Slide 29 Shayss Rebellion Poor farmers are not represented in the Mass legislature and cannot pass debt relief laws The rebellion aimed to free debtors from prisons and close courts hearing cases against farmers Slide 30 Shayss Rebellion: Results The Massachussetts militia is called in Poor farmers in 1791 elect officials who support their stance and will close courthouses and demand financial help from the Congress Shayss Rebellion prompted national leaders to create a stonger central government Slide 31 The Philadelphia Convention The Constitutional Convention (May-Sept. 1787) Purpose: Meeting to fix the Articles of Confederation How Conducted: 12 States represented (55 delegates) Rhode Island refused Leader: George Washington elected president of the convention Ben Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison all present (no Jefferson, Adams) Slide 32 James Madison After short debate, delegates agree to scrap the AOC The Father of the Constitution Primary writer Slide 33 Problems 1.Representation 2.Slavery 3.Executive Branch 4.Trade 5.Checks and Balances/Separation of Powers: The three branches have roles that check, or limit, the others so that no single branch can dominate the government. Slide 34 Constitutional Compromises Representation 1. Virginia Plan Representation based on population *Bicameral -- 2 house legislative branch * Big State Plan unfair to small states 2. New Jersey Plan Equal representation * Unicameral 1 house legislative branch * Small State Plan unfair to large population states Slide 35 The Great Compromise The Connecticut Compromise, written by Roger Sherman of Connecticut Structure: Bicameral legislature (2 houses) One house based on population (House of Reps) One house based on equal representation (Senate) Slide 36 Slide 37 Slide 38 Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists 1 st 2 political parties Federalists supported the new Constitution Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay Write Essays under penname Publius (Federalist Papers) Argue for the new constitution Anti-Federalists wanted more protections for individual rights (AKA Democrat-Republicans) Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Richard Henry Lee Write papers known as the Anti-Federalist Papers Argue for individual rights Slide 39 Slide 40 What was missing? Will not be added until 1796 Slide 41 The Bill of Rights (1791) Washingtons Major Accomplishment 1. RAPPS Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition, Speech 2. Right to Bear Arms 3. No Quartering of Soldiers 4. No illegal Search and Seizure 5. No Double Jeopardy, Self Incrimination, Eminent Domain, etc 6. Speedy Public Trial, Lawyer 7. Trial by Jury 8. No Cruel/Unusual Punishment or Excessive Bail or Fines 9. Constitution is not a limited document 10. Reserved Powers Slide 42 Slide 43