Katipunan

The Revolution of 1896Circumstances that led to the discovery of KKKAugust 19, 1896

Having quarreled with another Katipunero- Apolonio de la Cruz, Teodoro Patio told his sister Honoria about the existence of theKatipunan

After hearing Patios revelations, Father Mariano Gil-accompanied by several Guardias Civiles immediately searched the premises ofDiario de Manila. The katipunan was discovered.

August 21-22, 1896

Bonifacio called for a meeting at the house of Vidal Acab.Emilio Jacinto called the head of Katipunan Council to discuss their measures against the Spanish forces

August 23, 1986

Bonifacio, Jacinto and other Katipuneros met at Bahay Toro, Pugadlawin, Balintawak, north of manila and gathered at the residence of Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora)August 23, 1896; Cry of Pugad Lawin/Cry of Balintawak

7Katipuneros tore their cedulas personales (certificates), the symbol of the Filipino vassalage to Spain at the same time shouting. Long live the Philippines! Long live the Katipunan!This proclaimed their defiance to the Spanish government

Katipunang Mararahas ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Society of Engraged Sons of the Country)

Hagdan bato, MandaluyongLast Manifesto

August 29, 1896

Melchora Aquino(Tandang Sora) was arrested and jailed at Bilibid (prison)Pasong Putik, Novaliches

Battle of Pinaglabanan

Battle of Pinaglabanan

August 30,1896The first battle of the revolution took place at the town of San Juan del Monte at dawn.Bonifacio, with his aideEmilio Jacinto, led a group ofKatipunerostowardsEl PolvorinBonifacio and his men were outnumbered; due to heavy casualties, they were forced to retreat to Balara

Katipuneros and attacked the gunpowder storehouse in San Juan del Monte. The planned attack in Manila was abandoned since Valentin Cruzs forces already attacked the Spanish forces in Pasig.The attack was well-planned. It was strategic. Bonifacio knew how important the storehouse was as a Spanish military post. Arms confiscated there could provide the Katipuneros more firepower.

14Gov.-Gen. Ramon Blanco issued a decree declaring a state of war in Manila and seven provinces of Luzon-Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac and put them under martial law a few hours after the Battle of Pinaglabanan.Series of execution by the government began.September 4, 1896 Four members of the Katipunan were executed at Bagumbayan.On september 12, thirteen were put to death at Plaza de Armas Los Trece Martires. They were Lus Aguado, Eugenio Cabezas, Feliciano Cabuco, Agapito Conchu, Alfonso de Ocampo, Mximo Gregorio, Mximo Inocencio, Jos Lallana, Severino Lapidario, Victoriano Luciano III, Francisco Osorio, Hugo Prez, Antonio San Agustn.

1516

Katipuneros in Cavite

Republic of REAL DE KAKARONG DE SILI

During the Philippine Revolution, Pandi played a vital and historical role in the fight for Philippine Independence. It was in Kakarong de Sili, which about 6,000 Katipuneros from various towns of BulacanComplete set of officials with Canuto Villanueva as Supreme Chief and "Maestrong Sebio" as Captain-General of the Army.The Kakarong republic was considered the first republic formed in Bulacan and in thePhilippines.

Battle of Kakarong de siliJanuary 1, 1897 Government troops under General Olague-Feliu rushed to the fortifications of Karorong.Revolutionaries were caught by surprise, resisted with ferocious courage but they were overwhelmed by the superior armaments of the enemy.January 11, 1897 General Eusebio Roque "Maestrong Sebio was captured.The battle was considered Del Pilar's first "baptism of fire" as a revolutionary general.With the objective of ending the revolution...Rivalry in the KatipunanTwo katipunan councils in CaviteImus Assembly1st assembly was held in Imus on December 31,1896, to determine whether the Katipunan should be transformed into another body with governmental powers. The assembly accomlished nothing definite.Gen. Edilberto Evangelista draft a constitution establishing the Philippine Republic.

Tejeros ConventionSan Francisco de Malabon,Caviteon March 22, 1897.Majority of those who attended were the Magdiwangs.The session was presided by Jacinto Lumberas.Severino de las Alas suggested that the convention should resolve the issue of whether there should be a new government to replace the Katipunan.These are the first presidential and vice presidential elections in Philippine history.

President

Emilio Aguinaldo

Vice-PresidentMariano Trias

Director of War

Emiliano Riego de Dios

Director of the Interior

Andres Bonifacio

Daniel Tirona, a Magdalo, protested Bonifacios electionAguinaldo was sworn into office inside the Catholic Church of Santa Cruz de Malabon (Tanza) together with other newly elected officials.March 23, 1897 Bonifacio drafted a document called Acta de Tejeros signed by Bonifacio and 44 other plotters

Acta de Tejeros rejected the revolutionary government of Aguinaldo because

The Tejeros Assembly lacks legality;There was a Magdalo conspiracy to oust Bonifacio from leadership;The election of officials was fraudulent;Actual pressure has been brought upon the presidency .

April 19, 1897; Naic, Cavite Bonifacio and his conspirators drew up and signed Naic Military Pact.41 men which included Bonifacio, Ricarte, Pio del Pilar, and Severino de las Alas signed the document.An army corps under the command of Gen. Pio del Pilar was createdLazaro Makapagal escaped and informed President Aguinaldo about the plan.Bonifacio, his wife Gregoria, his brothers Ciriaco and Procopio, and his loyal followers fled to Limbon, Indang.Aguinaldo ordered their arrest but Bonifacio resisted.Ciriaco Bonifacio and two soldiers died while Andres Bonifacio was wounded.Bonifacio and his companions were brought to Naic where he was court martialed.

Bonifacios TrialMay 5, 1897

People who testified against Bonifacio

May 10, 1897

Placido Martinez was Andres defense attorney while Teodoro Gonzales was for Procopio.They were charged with treason, conspiracy to assassinate Pres. Aguinaldo, and bribery.

Pio del Pilar he said that Bonifacio forced the officers to join him.Severino de las Alas he testified that the friars bribed Bonifacio into fighting a war. He also accused Bonifacio of burning the convent and stealing. He accused that Bonifacio and his men were planning to surrender to the Spaniards.Pedro Giron he told the Council that Bonifacio gave him an initial payment of 10 pesos to assassinate Aguinaldo but he (Giron) refused the order.

Gen Noriel ordered Major Lazaro Makapagal to release Bonifacio from prison; he gave a sealed letter.The letter ordered the execution of Andres and his brother ProcopioThe Bonifacio brothers were executed at Mount Nagpatong (according to NHI), Maragondon.

Gen. Licerio Geronimo and his men arrived in Montalban to join Aguinaldo.

April 23, 1897 Fernando Primo de Rivera replaced Gen. Camilo Polavieja.Gov. Gen. Rivera issued a decree granting pardon to rebels who would give up their arms and surrender until May 17.Aguinaldo and his force seek refuge in Batangas.June 14, 1897 Col. Djiols attacked Aguinaldos camp at Mt. Puray; they won over the Spaniards.Then President Aguinaldo organized the Department of Central Luzon under the jurisdiction of the revolutionary government.

Fr. Pedro Dandan PresidentDr. Anastacio FranciscoVice PresidentPaciano RizalSecretary of the TreasuryCipriano PachecoSecretary of WarTeodoro GonzalesSecretary of the InteriorFeliciano JocsonSecretary of WelfareThe Biak-na-bato Republic

The Biak-Na-bato ConstitutionConstitution based on the Cuban ConstitutionDrafted by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo ArtachoSigned on November 1, 1897

The constitution provided a:

To end the clashes between Filipinos and Spaniards...

Emilio AguinaldoGov. Gen. Primo de RiveraPedro PaternoVolunteered to act as negotiatorA ceasefire was declared by both camps and an agreement between Aguinaldo and the Spanish forces was made

Pact of Biak-na-Bato First document called Program. were signed on December 14. This document says that de Rivera would pay 800, 000. Second Document called Act of Agreement. Reiterated granting of amnesty.

Third document discussed the question of indemnity, wherein Spain would pay a total of 1, 700, 000 pesos.

Aguinaldo will receive P800,00(Mexican Pesos) as remuneration to the revolutionaries and an amnesty. SO..... Aguinaldo left for Hong Kong on board the ship Uranus December 27, 1897

General Artemio Ricarte stayed behind at Biak-na-Bato And so, Biak-na-Bato failsWHY?

The Filipinos and the Spaniards did not trust each other.

As a result, periodic clashes between the two groups still took place even after Aguinaldos departure from the country.

Aguinaldo and his officers went to exile but did not end the fight to win the independence form Spain.