The Restoration. The Restored Bourbons Character of Louis XVIII – what kind of man was he? Good...
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Transcript of The Restoration. The Restored Bourbons Character of Louis XVIII – what kind of man was he? Good...
The Restored Bourbons
• Character of Louis XVIII – what kind of man was he? Good choice as King?
• The ‘100 Days’• What problems do you think he will
face?• What solutions can you offer him?
Louis XVIII
• 59 years old, fat & walked with difficulty
• Dull and uninspiring but not without intelligence
• Had been in exile for many years
• Appalled by the Revolution
Support for Louis?
• Talleyrand worked hard to persuade Allies to restore Louis
• “wanted for what he stood for rather than for what he really was”
• Seen as the rightful king of France
What problems will he face?• Royalist dreams: Return of privileges and wealth: Not necessarily a return to pre-1789: Revenge for suffering in the
Revolution: Wished for an end to warfare and
economic dislocation
What problems will he face?
• Republican fears: Return of landowners might lead to
loss of land and freedoms: Restoration of Church?: Loss of status and political power• Threats from Bonapartists• War damaged France?
Early problems
• Louis, the Army & the civil service• The 100 Days• 2nd Treaty of Paris• The Ultras & the White Terror• ‘La Chambre Introuvable’
What impact did the 100 Days have?
Demonstrated fragility of
Louis’ support2nd Treaty of
Paris
Severely damagedpolicy of
reconciliationThe White Terror
2nd Treaty of Paris
1st Treaty of Paris very
lenient & seenas honourable
settlement
By 2nd TreatyFrance had topay indemnity& suffer armyof occupation
Would this makelife easier or
more difficult for the newKing & hisregime?
The Ultras
Extreme RoyalistsSupported Divine
Right
White Terror followed2nd Restoration
‘La Chambre Introuvable”:chance for counter-
Revolution?
Successes 1815-1820
• Issued Charter – showed intentions • Chamber dissolved & franchise altered• More moderate assembly elected• Growing confidence in regime• Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle great
success• Ultras thwarted
1820-1824
• Murder of Duc de Berri huge blow• Richlieu recalled to government• Start of Ultra revival• Beginnings of Charbonnier movement• Ultras beginning to join the government• 4 sergeants of La Rochelle• 1823 Intervention in Spain• Death of Louis XVIII
Was Louis a good choice as King?• Made good attempt at reconciliation• “No great blunders had been made by
Louis, but the slide away from moderate policies and towards extreme Royalism had already begun before Charles X officially became king.”
Accession of Charles X
Dynasty seemed very secure
• Support from both Chambers
• Birth of new heir• Young 67• But not all was
well!
Charles & pays legal
• Deeply distrusted by majority• PL = 100k allowed to vote• Only 15k of richest could be MP• Main concern was maintenance of
power & position• Would challenge any return to
despotism
Charles & ParliamentStrong position in 1824? Polarisation of politics – loss of
middle ground
Villele unpopular – Charles facing opposition from L & R
Charles calls fresh elections 1827
Growing supportfor opposition
Jules de Polignac
Charlespointsnewchief
minister