The Respiratory The Respiratory SystemSystem

Section 37-3Section 37-3

Pages 956-963Pages 956-963

RespirationRespiration

Process of gas exchangeProcess of gas exchange

The release of carbon dioxide and The release of carbon dioxide and thethe

Uptake of oxygen between the lungs Uptake of oxygen between the lungs and the environmentand the environment

Function Function

To exchange oxygen & To exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide between carbon dioxide between the blood, the air, and the blood, the air, and tissuestissues

StructuresStructures

Nose & Nose & mouthmouth

PharynxPharynx LarynxLarynx EpiglottiEpiglotti

ss TracheaTrachea BronchiBronchi lungslungs

Section 37-3

FlowchartMovement of Oxygen and Carbon

Dioxide In and Out of the Respiratory System

Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at

alveoli

Oxygen-richair from

environment

Bronchioles

Nasalcavities Pharynx Trachea Bronchi

BronchiolesAlveoli

PharynxNasal

cavities

Carbon dioxide-rich

air to the environment

Bronchi

Trachea

Cilia & MucusCilia & Mucus

To keep lung tissue healthy, air entering the To keep lung tissue healthy, air entering the body must be warmed, moistened, & filteredbody must be warmed, moistened, & filtered

MucusMucus – moistens air & traps particles of – moistens air & traps particles of dust and/or smokedust and/or smoke

CiliaCilia – sweeps trapped particles & mucus – sweeps trapped particles & mucus away from lungs & pharynxaway from lungs & pharynx

Mucus & tapped particles are either Mucus & tapped particles are either swallowed or spit outswallowed or spit out

This process keeps the lungs clean & open This process keeps the lungs clean & open for gas exchangefor gas exchange

HemoglobinHemoglobin

Oxygen-carrying protein in bloodOxygen-carrying protein in blood When blood goes into the lungs, the When blood goes into the lungs, the

hemoglobin picks up oxygen and hemoglobin picks up oxygen and carries it to all the tissues in our carries it to all the tissues in our bodybody

It binds with so much oxygen that it It binds with so much oxygen that it increases the oxygen-carrying increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood more than 60 timescapacity of blood more than 60 times

Air inhaled

Diaphragm

Rib cage rises

Air exhaled

Diaphragm

Rib cage descends

Inhalation Exhalation

Breathing – movement of air into & out of lungs

- no muscles connected to lungs - air pressure drives air into & out of

lungs

How Breathing is How Breathing is ControlledControlled

Only have partial control over breathingOnly have partial control over breathing Medulla Oblongata controls breathingMedulla Oblongata controls breathing Autonomic nerves are connected to Autonomic nerves are connected to

diaphragm & chest musclesdiaphragm & chest muscles They automatically stimulate them to They automatically stimulate them to

contract to allow for breathingcontract to allow for breathing Medulla Oblongata monitor COMedulla Oblongata monitor CO22 levels levels

- when levels get high – send message - when levels get high – send message to to breath breath

Tobacco & the Respiratory Tobacco & the Respiratory SystemSystem

Dangerous substances in tobacco:Dangerous substances in tobacco:

1. 1. NicotineNicotine – stimulant drug, increases heart – stimulant drug, increases heart rate & blood pressurerate & blood pressure

2. 2. Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide – poisonous gas that – poisonous gas that blocks the transport of oxygenblocks the transport of oxygenby hemoglobin in bloodby hemoglobin in blood

- decrease blood flow to tissues- decrease blood flow to tissues

- deprives heart & tissue of oxygen - deprives heart & tissue of oxygen needed to functionneeded to function

3. 3. Tar Tar – contains compounds known to cause – contains compounds known to cause cancercancer

Effects on Respiratory Effects on Respiratory SystemSystem

Nicotine & Carbon Monoxide paralyze Nicotine & Carbon Monoxide paralyze ciliacilia

Unable to moved particles out of lungsUnable to moved particles out of lungs So particles stick on lungs & walls of So particles stick on lungs & walls of

tracheatrachea Mucus becomes trapped in airwaysMucus becomes trapped in airways Causes “Smokers Cough”Causes “Smokers Cough” Leads to respiratory diseasesLeads to respiratory diseases

Diseases Caused by Diseases Caused by SmokingSmoking

BronchitisBronchitis – swollen & clogged bronchi – swollen & clogged bronchi- unable to do simple activities without loss of breath- unable to do simple activities without loss of breath

EmphysemaEmphysema – loss of elasticity of lungs – loss of elasticity of lungs- unable to get enough air into lungs- unable to get enough air into lungs- not enough oxygen gets to tissues- not enough oxygen gets to tissues- unable to do any physical activities- unable to do any physical activities

CancerCancer – 160,000 people diagnosed every year – 160,000 people diagnosed every year - once diagnosed usually die within 5 years- once diagnosed usually die within 5 years- preventable by not smoking- preventable by not smoking- lung cancer can spread to other areas in body- lung cancer can spread to other areas in body

Heart DiseaseHeart Disease – smoking causes blood vessels to narrow – smoking causes blood vessels to narrow – – which causes the heart to work harder & rises which causes the heart to work harder & rises

blood blood pressure pressure- leads to heart attack & damage to heart tissue- leads to heart attack & damage to heart tissue

Smoking & the NonsmokerSmoking & the Nonsmoker Tobacco smoke is dangerous to anyone Tobacco smoke is dangerous to anyone

who inhales it – even if you do not smokewho inhales it – even if you do not smoke Passive Smoking – inhaling smoke of Passive Smoking – inhaling smoke of

othersothers

- damaging to kids- damaging to kids

- lungs still developing – damage is - lungs still developing – damage is greatergreater

- kids of smokers are twice as likely - kids of smokers are twice as likely to to develop respiratory problems develop respiratory problems like asthma like asthma than kids of nonsmokers than kids of nonsmokers

Dealing With TobaccoDealing With Tobacco No matter what age or the length of No matter what age or the length of

time a person smoked – they can time a person smoked – they can improve their health by quittingimprove their health by quitting

Lungs can heal themselves as long as Lungs can heal themselves as long as the tissue is not completely damagedthe tissue is not completely damaged

Smoking is hard to quit because of Smoking is hard to quit because of Nicotine – it is a very additive & Nicotine – it is a very additive & powerful drugpowerful drug

So best solution is to not start to So best solution is to not start to smoke in the first placesmoke in the first place