The Respiratory System I - CC306M:...
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The Respiratory System I Bartolo Natoli, M.A; M.Ed.
Transcript of The Respiratory System I - CC306M:...
The Respiratory System IBartolo Natoli, M.A; M.Ed.
Combining Forms
alveol/obronch/obronchiol/ocapn/o OR carb/olaryng/olob/onas/o OR rhin/oor/oox/opalat/opharyng/o
phren/opleur/opneum/opulmon/osinus/ospir/o OR -pneathorac/otonsill/otrache/ouvul/o
Chapter Objectives
1. What are the basic combining forms of the Respiratory System?
2. Where is the basic anatomy of the Respiratory System located?
3. What are the definitions of the basic symptomatic terms regarding the Respiratory System?
The Respiratory System
Nasopharynx
Oropharnyx
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis Glottis
The Respiratory System
Having Trouble Breathing?
The majority of symptomatic terms referring to breathing end in the suffix ‘-pnea’.
This is derived from the Greek πνεω, which means to breathe.
Types of ‘-pnea’
eupneabradypneatachypneahypopneahyperpnea
dyspneaapnea
Types of ‘-pnea’
eupneabradypneatachypneahypopneahyperpnea
dyspneaapnea
Types of ‘-pnea’
eupneabradypneatachypneahypopneahyperpnea
dyspneaapnea
Practice: SOAP Form
Examine the vital signs of these 4 patients. What type of breathing pattern does each exhibit?
1. BP: 130/72; RR: 17; T: 98.8 F
2. BP: 100/60; RR: 7; T: 98.4 F
3. BP: 158/80; RR: 26; T: 99.2 F
4. BP: 78/50; RR: 3; T: 97.5 F
eupnea
bradypnea
tachypnea
apnea
The ‘Hyper’s & ‘Hypo’s
A large number of terms in this chapter involve the prefixes “hyper” and “hypo”. Remember:
Hyper = Above/Excessive
Hypo = Below/Lack
From the Gk ὑπερ
From the Gk ὑπο
The ‘Hyper’s & ‘Hypo’s
In this presentation, these prefixes are grouped into 3 pairs of terms:
hypercapnia --- hypocapnia
hyperventilation --- hypoventilation
hypoxemia --- hypoxia
Hyper/Hypocapnia
hypercapnia
hypocapnia
CO2 is one of the most powerful vaso- and bronchodilators. Therefore, a lack of CO2 results in muscle spasm, tetany and, eventually, death.
eupnea
Hyper/Hypoventilation
2
Hyper/Hypoventilation
2
Hyperventilation is the EXCESSIVE movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Hypoventilation is the LACK OF movement of air into and out of the lungs.
The difficulty with these terms is that they are easily confused with the conditions resulting from them:
HYPERventilation --> HYPOcapniaHYPOventilation --> HYPERcapnia
Hypoxia & Hypoxemia
Hypoxia = Hyp + Ox
lack of oxygen in tissue cells
Hypoxemia = Hyp + Ox + Hemia
lack of oxygen in the blood
& the rest . . .The remaining symptomatic terms regarding the Respiratory System don’t share any obvious terminological similarities. Therefore, we’ll break them down separately.
& the restcyanosis
dysphonia
epistaxis
expectoration
hemoptysis
pulmonary edema
rhinorrhea
& the restcyanosis
dysphonia
epistaxis
expectoration
hemoptysis
pulmonary edema
rhinorrhea
blueish color of the skin
& the restcyanosis
dysphonia
epistaxis
expectoration
hemoptysis
pulmonary edema
rhinorrhea
hoarseness
& the restcyanosis
dysphonia
epistaxis
expectoration
hemoptysis
pulmonary edema
rhinorrhea
nosebleed
& the restcyanosis
dysphonia
epistaxis
expectoration
hemoptysis
pulmonary edema
rhinorrhea runny nose
rhinorrhea
pulmonary edema
& the restcyanosis
dysphonia
epistaxis
expectoration
hemoptysis
coughing up material from the lungs
& the restcyanosis
dysphonia
epistaxis
expectoration
hemoptysis
pulmonary edema
rhinorrhea
coughing up blood that originatesin the lungs
& the restcyanosis
dysphonia
epistaxis
expectoration
hemoptysis
pulmonary edema
rhinorrhea
fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli
